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Institution

Brown University

EducationProvidence, Rhode Island, United States
About: Brown University is a education organization based out in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 35778 authors who have published 90896 publications receiving 4471489 citations. The organization is also known as: brown.edu & Brown.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The approach provides a practical method for learning high-order Markov random field models with potential functions that extend over large pixel neighborhoods with non-linear functions of many linear filter responses.
Abstract: We develop a framework for learning generic, expressive image priors that capture the statistics of natural scenes and can be used for a variety of machine vision tasks. The approach provides a practical method for learning high-order Markov random field (MRF) models with potential functions that extend over large pixel neighborhoods. These clique potentials are modeled using the Product-of-Experts framework that uses non-linear functions of many linear filter responses. In contrast to previous MRF approaches all parameters, including the linear filters themselves, are learned from training data. We demonstrate the capabilities of this Field-of-Experts model with two example applications, image denoising and image inpainting, which are implemented using a simple, approximate inference scheme. While the model is trained on a generic image database and is not tuned toward a specific application, we obtain results that compete with specialized techniques.

848 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
27 Mar 1997-Nature
TL;DR: It is shown that engineered polymer microspheres made of biologically erodable polymers, which display strong adhesive interactions with gastrointestinal mucus and cellular linings, can traverse both the mucosal absorptive epithelium and the follicle-associated epithelia covering the lymphoid tissue of Peyer's patches.
Abstract: Biologically adhesive delivery systems offer important advantages over conventional drug delivery systems. Here we show that engineered polymer microspheres made of biologically erodable polymers, which display strong adhesive interactions with gastrointestinal mucus and cellular linings, can traverse both the mucosal absorptive epithelium and the follicle-associated epithelium covering the lymphoid tissue of Peyer's patches. The polymers maintain contact with intestinal epithelium for extended periods of time and actually penetrate it, through and between cells. Thus, once loaded with compounds of pharmacological interest, the microspheres could be developed as delivery systems to transfer biologically active molecules to the circulation. We show that these microspheres increase the absorption of three model substances of widely different molecular size: dicumarol, insulin and plasmid DNA.

847 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The difficulties of defining mindfulness are discussed, the proper scope of research into mindfulness practices is delineated, and crucial methodological issues for interpreting results from investigations of mindfulness are explained.
Abstract: During the past two decades, mindfulness meditation has gone from being a fringe topic of scientific investigation to being an occasional replacement for psychotherapy, tool of corporate well-being, widely implemented educational practice, and "key to building more resilient soldiers." Yet the mindfulness movement and empirical evidence supporting it have not gone without criticism. Misinformation and poor methodology associated with past studies of mindfulness may lead public consumers to be harmed, misled, and disappointed. Addressing such concerns, the present article discusses the difficulties of defining mindfulness, delineates the proper scope of research into mindfulness practices, and explicates crucial methodological issues for interpreting results from investigations of mindfulness. For doing so, the authors draw on their diverse areas of expertise to review the present state of mindfulness research, comprehensively summarizing what we do and do not know, while providing a prescriptive agenda for contemplative science, with a particular focus on assessment, mindfulness training, possible adverse effects, and intersection with brain imaging. Our goals are to inform interested scientists, the news media, and the public, to minimize harm, curb poor research practices, and staunch the flow of misinformation about the benefits, costs, and future prospects of mindfulness meditation.

847 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Control on shell thickness allows the tuning of plasmonic properties of the core/shell structure to be either red-shifted (to 560 nm) or blue-sh shifted (to 501 nm) which should have great potentials for nanoparticle-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Abstract: Core/shell structured Fe3O4/Au and Fe3O4/Au/Ag nanoparticles are synthesized by depositing Au and Ag on the Fe3O4 nanoparticle surface in aqueous solution at room temperature. The control on shell thickness allows the tuning of plasmonic properties of the core/shell structure to be either red-shifted (to 560 nm) or blue-shifted (to 501 nm). Such magneto-optical nanoparticles should have great potentials for nanoparticle-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

845 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Dae Sung Hwangbo1, Boris Gershman1, Meng-Ping Tu1, Michael Palmer1, Marc Tatar1 
03 Jun 2004-Nature
TL;DR: It is demonstrated here that dFOXO regulates D. melanogaster ageing when activated in the adult pericerebral fat body and reduces expression of the Drosophila insulin-like peptide dilp-2 synthesized in neurons, and represses endogenous insulin-dependent signalling in peripheral fat body.
Abstract: In Drosophila melanogaster, ageing is slowed when insulin-like signalling is reduced: life expectancy is extended by more than 50% when the insulin-like receptor (InR) or its receptor substrate (chico) are mutated, or when insulin-producing cells are ablated. But we have yet to resolve when insulin affects ageing, or whether insulin signals regulate ageing directly or indirectly through secondary hormones. Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan is also extended when insulin signalling is inhibited in certain tissues, or when repressed in adult worms, and this requires the forkhead transcription factor (FOXO) encoded by daf-16 (ref. 6). The D. melanogaster insulin-like receptor mediates phosphorylation of dFOXO, the equivalent of nematode daf-16 and mammalian FOXO3a. We demonstrate here that dFOXO regulates D. melanogaster ageing when activated in the adult pericerebral fat body. We further show that this limited activation of dFOXO reduces expression of the Drosophila insulin-like peptide dilp-2 synthesized in neurons, and represses endogenous insulin-dependent signalling in peripheral fat body. These findings suggest that autonomous and non-autonomous roles of insulin signalling combine to control ageing.

840 citations


Authors

Showing all 36143 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Walter C. Willett3342399413322
Robert Langer2812324326306
Robert M. Califf1961561167961
Eric J. Topol1931373151025
Joan Massagué189408149951
Joseph Biederman1791012117440
Gonçalo R. Abecasis179595230323
James F. Sallis169825144836
Steven N. Blair165879132929
Charles M. Lieber165521132811
J. S. Lange1602083145919
Christopher J. O'Donnell159869126278
Charles M. Perou156573202951
David J. Mooney15669594172
Richard J. Davidson15660291414
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023126
2022591
20215,549
20205,321
20194,806
20184,462