Institution
Brown University
Education•Providence, Rhode Island, United States•
About: Brown University is a education organization based out in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 35778 authors who have published 90896 publications receiving 4471489 citations. The organization is also known as: brown.edu & Brown.
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TL;DR: The anxiety disorders are depicted as insidious, with a chronic clinical course, low rates of recovery, and relatively high probabilities of recurrence, and the presence of particular comorbid psychiatric disorders significantly lowered the likelihood of recovery from anxiety disorders and increased thelihood of their recurrence.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to observe the long-term clinical course of anxiety disorders over 12 years and to examine the influence of comorbid psychiatric disorders on recovery from or recurrence of panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and social phobia. METHOD: Data were drawn from the Harvard/Brown Anxiety Disorders Research Program, a prospective, naturalistic, longitudinal, multicenter study of adults with a current or past history of anxiety disorders. Probabilities of recovery and recurrence were calculated by using standard survival analysis methods. Proportional hazards regression analyses with time-varying covariates were conducted to determine risk ratios for possible comorbid psychiatric predictors of recovery and recurrence. RESULTS: Survival analyses revealed an overall chronic course for the majority of the anxiety disorders. Social phobia had the smallest probability of recovery after 12 years of follow-up. Moreover, patients who had prospectively observed recovery from their i...
840 citations
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TL;DR: The conceptual guidelines that have emerged for their classification and functional annotation based on expanding and more comprehensive use of large systems biology-based datasets are described.
840 citations
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840 citations
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TL;DR: Findings confirm the link between maternal glucose and neonatal adiposity and suggest that the relationship is mediated by fetal insulin production and that the Pedersen hypothesis describes a basic biological relationship influencing fetal growth.
Abstract: Objective: To examine associations of neonatal adiposity with maternal glucose levels and cord serum C-peptide in a multicenter multinational study, the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study, thereby assessing the Pederson hypothesis linking maternal glycemia and fetal hyperinsulinemia to neonatal adiposity.
Research Design and Methods: Eligible pregnant women underwent a standard 75 gm OGTT between 24 and 32 weeks gestation (as close to 28 weeks as possible). Neonatal anthropometrics and cord serum C-peptide were measured. Associations of maternal glucose and cord serum C-peptide with neonatal adiposity (sum of skinfolds > 90th percentile or percent body fat > 90th percentile) were assessed using multiple logistic regression analyses, with adjustment for potential confounders, including maternal age, parity, BMI, mean arterial pressure, height, gestational age at delivery, and the baby's gender.
Results: Among 23,316 HAPO study participants with glucose levels blinded to caregivers, cord serum C-peptide results were available for 19,885 babies and skin fold measurements for 19,389. For measures of neonatal adiposity there were strong statistically significant gradients across increasing levels of maternal glucose and cord serum C-peptide, which persisted after adjustment for potential confounders. In fully adjusted continuous variable models, odds ratios ranged from 1.35 to 1.44 for the two measures of adiposity for fasting, 1-hour, and 2-hour plasma glucose higher by one standard deviation.
Conclusions: These findings confirm the link between maternal glucose and neonatal adiposity, and suggest that the relationship is mediated by fetal insulin production and that the Pedersen hypothesis describes a basic biologic relationship influencing fetal growth.
840 citations
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TL;DR: This study videotaped large and small subjects walking through apertures to determine empirically the critical aperture-to-shoulder-width ratio (A/S) marking the transition from frontal walking to body rotation and tested the hypothesis that perceptual judgments of "passability" are based on intrinsic or body-scaled information specifying aperture width as a ratio of the observer's eyeheight.
Abstract: A necessary condition for visually guided action is that an organism perceive what actions are afforded by a given environmental situation. Warren (1984) proposed that an affordance such as the climbability of a stairway is determined by the fit between properties of the environment and the organism and can be characterized by optimal points, where action is most comfortable or efficient, and critical points, where a phase transition to a new action occurs. Perceiving an affordance, then, implies perceiving the relation between the environment and the observer's own action system. The present study is an extension of this analysis to the visual guidance of walking through apertures. We videotaped large and small subjects walking through apertures of different widths to determine empirically the critical aperture-to-shoulder-width ratio (A/S) marking the transition from frontal walking to body rotation. These results were compared with perceptual judgments of "passability" under static and moving viewing conditions. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that such judgments are based on intrinsic or body-scaled information specifying aperture width as a ratio of the observer's eyeheight. We conclude (a) that the critical point in free walking occurs at A/S = 1.30, (b) that static monocular information is sufficient for judging passability, and (c) that the perception of passability under such conditions is based on body-scaled eyeheight information.
839 citations
Authors
Showing all 36143 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Walter C. Willett | 334 | 2399 | 413322 |
Robert Langer | 281 | 2324 | 326306 |
Robert M. Califf | 196 | 1561 | 167961 |
Eric J. Topol | 193 | 1373 | 151025 |
Joan Massagué | 189 | 408 | 149951 |
Joseph Biederman | 179 | 1012 | 117440 |
Gonçalo R. Abecasis | 179 | 595 | 230323 |
James F. Sallis | 169 | 825 | 144836 |
Steven N. Blair | 165 | 879 | 132929 |
Charles M. Lieber | 165 | 521 | 132811 |
J. S. Lange | 160 | 2083 | 145919 |
Christopher J. O'Donnell | 159 | 869 | 126278 |
Charles M. Perou | 156 | 573 | 202951 |
David J. Mooney | 156 | 695 | 94172 |
Richard J. Davidson | 156 | 602 | 91414 |