Showing papers by "Brunel University London published in 1982"
TL;DR: This paper presents a simple schema of six coping themes, ordered in terms of their defensiveness and the degree of attempted personal control which they imply, and characterize the meaning or qualitative 'style' of the individual's response.
Abstract: Coping is action directed at the resolution or mitigation of a problematic situation. There are a number of ways in which this may be attempted, and a number of ways of classifying coping strategies. This paper presents a simple schema of six coping themes, ordered in terms of their defensiveness and the degree of attempted personal control which they imply. They comprise rejection, control, resignation, dependency, avoidance and minimization, and characterize the meaning or qualitative 'style' of the individual's response, rather than the formal characteristics of the strategies employed. Data from studies of breast cancer and surgical patients are cited to illustrate the substance of the themes.
236 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the decomposition of immediate acts when structuring decision problems is examined, and seven different types of uncertainties are identified, and four of these are taken explicitly into account in models within the province of decision theory, described in terms of four interlocking systems interfaced with semantic memory.
221 citations
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the macroscopic elastic behavior of rubber-like solids on the basis of the general theory of isotropic elasticity, focusing on homogeneous biaxial deformations.
Abstract: Summary The macroscopic elastic behaviour of rubberlike solids is reviewed on the basis of the general theory of isotropic elasticity. Attention is restricted to homogeneous biaxial deformations since these provide stress–deformation data sufficient to characterize the strain-energy function of rubberlike solids. The incompressible theory is described first and then experimental data are discussed and represented in graphical forms yielding immediate theoretical interpretation. The main stress–deformation characteristics of rubberlike solids are thereby exposed. Specific forms of strain-energy function are also reviewed, the role of the Valanis–Landel hypothesis being highlighted. Macroscopic implications of molecular statistical theories are assessed briefly. The compressible theory is then developed and details of the theory of “nearly incompressible” elastic solids examined with a view to characterizing volume changes accompanying biaxial deformation. Experimental data are discussed in relation to the theory which is also viewed vis-a-vis structurally based theories.
147 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model is developed in which chemisorbed oxygen atoms doubly bonded to V5+ ions are the oxidizing species, and a monolayer of a vanadium species which after heating to 670 K is active for the oxidation of o-xylene.
134 citations
TL;DR: The case illustrates ‘requisite’ rather than optimal decision modelling and shows the essential roles of problem structure and sensitivity analysis.
Abstract: This case study in decision analysis concerns a company that had to decide between continuing to manufacture an old product that might in the near future by banned by the government or introducing an improved but conventional product that would beat the ban but might lose market share to competing products using microchip technology A decision tree with three attributes describing the consequences over a ten-year horizon modelled the problem Implementation on a micro computer facilitated extensive sensitivity analyses, the final round of which were conducted by the Board of Directors More and more pessimistic assumptions were made until the decision switched from the new to the old product; at that point no Director believed all the assumptions Thus, agreement was reached about the decision even though the Directors disagreed about the uncertainties The case illustrates ‘requisite’ rather than optimal decision modelling and shows the essential roles of problem structure and sensitivity analysis
108 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that the host antigen disguise constitutes the major protective mechanism utilized by older schistosomes to evade immunity, but that the younger stages have an additional and equally effective mechanism of resistance.
Abstract: Schistosomes grown in mice were tested at different stages of development for susceptibility to an in vitro cytotoxic effector mechanism involving eosinophils and an antibody directed against mouse determinants. Despite the fact that 5-day lung worms and 6-week adult worms both bound the antibody to their surfaces, eosinophils attached preferentially to the adults and killed them. Complement had an enhancing effect in this system. Those eosinophils which did adhere to the lung worms degranulated onto the tegument but were unable to mediate damage or killing, even when complement was activated at the parasite surface. The resistance shown by the lung worms was shared by 2-week worms and small 3-week worms. Larger 3-week worms and older stages were, however, susceptible to cell-mediated cytotoxicity in this system. We suggest that the host antigen disguise constitutes the major protective mechanism utilized by older schistosomes to evade immunity, but that the younger stages have an additional and equally effective mechanism of resistance.
104 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the nature of energy and its relationship with the human body were discussed. But the authors focused on the human brain. And they focused only on energy-related problems.
Abstract: (1982). The nature of energy. European Journal of Science Education: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 295-297.
102 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, measurements of the temperature rise of the aluminium wear pins and calculations based on these results show that the temperatures are too low to account for the oxide produced during wear.
101 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the spin trap DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1oxide), catalase, and the radical scavengers ethanol and propan-2-ol were used for incubation of an oxygenated solution of ferrous sulphate and cysteine.
83 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that cisplatin reacts directly with ATPase rather than that a hydrolysis product is responsible for the inhibition, and that di-substituted methionine/cisplatin is less effective.
78 citations
TL;DR: The renal excretion of cisplatin and its transformation products, even in this model system, is a complex process involving glomerular filtration, tubular excretion and tubular reabsorption.
TL;DR: Pituitary and serum gonadotropin (GTH) levels and plasma 11-ketotestosterone levels were measured in sexually mature spawning adult and sexually precocious “jack” coho salmon to determine whether the relatively low fecundity of the Lake Erie coho Salmon has an endocrine aetiology, possibly associated with the apparent thyroid dysfunction in the Great Lakes salmon.
TL;DR: This article will concentrate mainly on specific experiments involving Promethazine to make some general points about the hepatotoxicity of CCl4.
Abstract: My interest in free radicals as reactive intermediates, which are capable of initiating tissue injury, developed from studies with CCl4 in 1963. Whilst attempting to understand the mechanism of action of various substances that protect against certain aspects of the liver injury produced by CCl4 I was impressed by the fact that several of these ‘protective agents’ were free radical scavengers. One such ‘protective agent’ and free radical scavenger is the phenothiazine derivative Promethazine (or Phenergan) which had been reportedl in 1961 to decrease the liver necrosis resulting from CCl4 administration to rats. That observation by Rees and Spector was the stimulus for me to start a long-term investigation on liver protective substances; we have now accumulated data on the effectiveness (or not) of more than 60 free radical scavengers in relation to the liver disturbances caused by CCl4 in vivo and in vitro. In this article, however, I will concentrate mainly on specific experiments involving Promethazine to make some general points about the hepatotoxicity of CCl4.
TL;DR: UIMP is a matrix-generator report-writer system designed to aid the reahzation (generation) of mathematical programming models and also the analysis-reporting of the solutions of such models.
Abstract: UIMP is a matrix-generator report-writer system designed to aid the reahzation (generation) of mathematical programming models and also the analysis-reporting of the solutions of such models The data-structure facility of the system allows the underlying structure of a user model to be captured and helps to define such models This data-structure feature is not only a powerful modeling aid, it also finds use in the analysis of solutions and report generation The experience of using the system, its shortcomings, and possible extensions are also discussed.
TL;DR: It is suggested that macrophage lysosomal enzyme packaging may involve mannose-6-phosphate recognition markers, and that a continuous hypersecretion mechanism may exist which does not depend on a defect in this ligand.
TL;DR: A variable-frequency probe-tone acoustic-impedance bridge has been developed to enable an artifact-free pure-toneoustic reflex study to be carried out on neonates and emphasizes their value to those engaged in neonatal auditory assessment.
Abstract: A variable-frequency probe-tone acoustic-impedance bridge has been developed to enable an artifact-free pure-tone acoustic reflex study to be carried out on neonates. Contralateral reflex threshold...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a Tian-Calvet microcalorimeter to measure the adsorption and heat of two microporous carbons, including charcoal cloth and graphitized carbon black.
TL;DR: In this article, a mechanism for the radiolysis of tetrachloromethane is proposed, based on spin-traps, which can detect the formation of radical adducts.
Abstract: Electron spin resonance studies of tetrachloromethane after exposure to 60Co γ-rays at 77 K reveal the formation of ·CCl3 and CCl˙+4 radicals. On warming in the presence of spin-traps, or on irradiating fluid solutions, nitroxide radical adducts have been detected that are characteristic of ·CCl3 and chlorine atom adducts. In the light of this evidence and that of other investigators a mechanism for the radiolysis of tetrachloromethane is postulated.In the presence of oxygen, ·CCl3 radicals are converted into Cl3COO· radicals. The use of spin-traps to detect these radicals is described and evaluated.
TL;DR: The purpose of this note is to draw attention to an automatic short cut which can be used with Bresenham's algorithm, which operates as Euclid's algorithm to give a short cut through a continued fraction expansion of the gradient of the intended line.
Abstract: Bresenham's algorithm is well known as an efficient and elegant control program for drawing a best fit approximation to straight lines of arbitrary gradient with incremental plotters. More recently attention has been given to run line coding,' in which a line of gradient 1/3, for example, is generated through the sequence square move (x-step), diagonal move (step x and y together), square move, repeated as many times as necessary without repeating the tests and additions every time as implied by the basic algorithm. The purpose of this note is to draw attention to an automatic short cut which can be used with Bresenham's algorithm as shown in Fig. 1. The short cut instructions do not effect the output string, but they operate as Euclid's algorithm to give a short cut through a continued fraction expansion of the gradient of the intended line. The initial conditions for the algorithm of Fig. 1 are set up as for Bresenham's algorithm itself. If, for example, we wish to draw a straight line from some origin (0,0) to the point (w, v) in the 'first octant', i.e. 0 < v < u, with a conventional incremental plotter, we start with b = 2v,
TL;DR: In this paper, a Fourier series solution is presented for a system of first-order partial differential equations which describe the linear elastic behaviour of a thick rectangular plate resting on an elastic foundation and carrying an arbitrary transverse load.
Abstract: A Fourier series solution is presented for a system of first-order partial differential equations which describe the linear elastic behaviour of a thick rectangular plate resting on an elastic foundation and carrying an arbitrary transverse load. The lateral edges of the plate are unstressed. A central step in the method for solving the system of equations is to combine a complementary function with a particular solution of the system in order to satisfy the boundary conditions. The complementary function is the sum of two series. The terms of the first series are products of a Fourier term in one space variable with the solution of an eigenvalue problem in the other space variable. The second series is similar and comes from reversing the roles of the space variables.
TL;DR: In failing to convulse at high pressure the amphipods from 4000 m differ radically in their pressure tolerance from those which live at depths down to 2700 m, a prediction derived from the responses of similar animals from lesser depths.
TL;DR: For gratings of variable length, contrast sensitivity increased with square root L up to a critical value equal to the width of 7-14 grating cycles, for spatial frequencies throughout the range 4-32 c/deg.
TL;DR: Chromyl chloride reacts regiospecifically with O-silylated enolates to form α-hydroxy ketones as mentioned in this paper, which is a type of enolate.
TL;DR: NH4Cl induces a dose-dependent secretion of lysosomal enzymes by mouse peritoneal macrophages and human peripheral blood monocytes and the mechanism of NH4Cl-stimulated hexosaminidase release is distinct from that initiated by the inflammatory stimulus, zymosan.
TL;DR: In this article, the problem of determining approximations to the mapping function which maps conformally the exterior domain Ω = compl (Ω I ∪ ∂Ω) onto the unit disc was considered.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the FHH plots for nitrogen multilayer adsorption on a number of well-characterised samples of nonporous oxides and concluded that the Fourier equation provides a satisfactory mathematical description of nitrogen isotherms over the range of ∼1.5-3.0 adsorbed layers.
Abstract: Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) plots have been constructed for nitrogen multilayer adsorption on a number of well-characterised samples of non-porous oxides. All the values of the index r fall within the range 2.57-2.72 irrespective of the chemical nature of the oxide. It is concluded that the FHH equation provides a satisfactory mathematical description of nitrogen isotherms over the range of ∼1.5–3.0 adsorbed layers. Capillary condensation in mesopores restricts the range of linearity of the FHH plot and tends to decrease the value of r, whereas micropore filling at low p/p o does not affect the linearity of the FHH plot but does lead to an increase in the value of r.