Brunel University London

About: Brunel University London is a education organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Context (language use) & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 10918 authors who have published 29515 publications receiving 893330 citations. The organization is also known as: Brunel & University of Brunel.

Pinning Stabilization of Linearly Coupled Stochastic Neural Networks via Minimum Number of Controllers

Abstract: Pinning stabilization problem of linearly coupled stochastic neural networks (LCSNNs) is studied in this paper. A minimum number of controllers are used to force the LCSNNs to the desired equilibrium point by fully utilizing the structure of the network. In order to pinning control the LCSNNs to a certain desired state, only one controller is required for strongly connected network topology, and m controllers, which will be shown to be the minimum number, are needed for LCSNNs with m -reducible coupling matrix. The isolate node of the LCSNNs can be stable, periodic, or even chaotic. The coupling Laplacian matrix of the LCSNNs can be symmetric irreducible, asymmetric irreducible, or m-reducible, which means that the network topology can be strongly connected, weakly connected, or even unconnected. There is no constraint on the network topology. Some criteria are derived to judge whether the LCSNNs can be controlled in mean square by using designed controllers. The given criteria are expressed in terms of strict linear matrix inequalities, which can be easily checked by resorting to recently developed algorithm. Moreover, numerical examples including small-world and scale-free networks are also given to demonstrate that our theoretical results are valid and efficient for large systems.

The Dilution, Chemical, and Thermal Effects of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Disesel Engine Emissions - Part 4: Effects of Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapour

Abstract: This paper deals with the effects on diesel engine combustion and emissions of carbon dioxide and water vapour the two main constituents of EGR. It concludes the work covered in Parts 1, 2, and 3 of this series of papers. A comparison is presented of the different effects that each of these constituents has on combustion and emissions. The comparison showed that the dilution effect was the most significant one. Furthermore, the dilution effect for carbon dioxide is higher than that for water vapour because EGR has roughly twice as much carbon dioxide than water vapour. On the other hand, the water vapour had a higher thermal effect in comparison to that of carbon dioxide due to the higher specific heat capacity of water vapour. The chemical effect of carbon dioxide was, generally, higher than that of water vapour. The chemical effect of water vapour resulted in an increase in the particulate and carbon emissions, but, the chemical effect of carbon dioxide was to decrease these emissions. Similarly, opposite chemical effect were observed on the ignition delay. This is the fourth paper in a series which deals with the effects of EGR on combustion and emissions in diesel engines. The first, second and third papers are SAE 961165, SAE 961167, and SAE 971659 (to be published in 1997 by SAE), respectively. © 1997 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.

An excellent cyan-emitting orthosilicate phosphor for NUV-pumped white LED application

Abstract: In this paper, a cyan-emitting phosphor BLS:Ce3+ is reported that has a broad emission band covering both the blue and green regions of the visible spectrum, which can be used instead of two separate blue and green phosphors. The excitation peak of BLS:Ce3+ is located at 400 nm, which matches well with the emission light of efficient near-ultraviolet (NUV) chips. The BLS:Ce3+ phosphor has an internal quantum efficiency (IQE) higher than 90% at room temperature (RT) and an excellent thermal stability (a small reduction of 3% at 150 °C relative to the IQE at RT) and is environmentally robust (a small degradation of 6% occurs after aging for 1600 h at 85 °C/85% RH relative to the room-temperature IQE value). Using the BLS:Ce3+ phosphor, coupled only with a CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ red phosphor and a 395 nm NUV chip, a NUV-based WLED with a high color rendering index of 90.6 has been achieved. Moreover, the luminous efficiency reaches as high as 32.2 lm W−1, which is much better than that of the NUV-WLEDs employing three phosphors (blue, green and red).

Statistical modeling suggests that antiandrogens in effluents from wastewater treatment works contribute to widespread sexual disruption in fish living in English rivers

Abstract: BackgroundThe widespread occurrence of feminized male fish downstream of some wastewater treatment works has led to substantial interest from ecologists and public health professionals. This concer...