Showing papers by "Budge Budge Institute of Technology published in 2020"

Effective utilisation of waste cooking oil in a single-cylinder diesel engine using alumina nanoparticles

Abstract: Considering the rapid decline in the amount of fossil fuels and the large quantities of emissions they release into the atmosphere, which are responsible for global warming, researchers are looking for alternative sources of energy. Biodiesel is an alternative source that is suitable for use as an alternative to diesel and can result in a reduction in the level of pollutants released. It has been observed that trans-esterified cooking oil can be combusted in an internal combustion engine like different biofuels with no major adjustments. Recent studies have proved that with the addition of nanoadditives, the performance and emissions have a very good impact on the environment. In the present experimental study, trans-esterified vegetable oil was used as biodiesel, along with the addition of nanoadditives (alumina) to diesel, and the outcomes were compared with baseline diesel operation. The nanoadditive was blended in the fuel mixture alongside an appropriate surfactant. Various blends were made and used for this investigation. Performance, emission and combustion parameters were studied using a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine at various loads, keeping a constant compression ratio of 18. Due to the availability of oxygen in the biodiesel and the better blending capacities of the nanoparticles, it was observed that there was a reduction in the opacity, CO and HC emissions; however, there was a small increment in NOx. It was also observed that the specific fuel consumption decreased with the increase in in-cylinder pressures. The outcomes showed that the addition of alumina in the diesel-biodiesel mixture has a positive overall effect on the environment.

Study of gravastars in Finslerian geometry

Abstract: In this present article, we have proposed gravastar under Finslerian spacetime geometry, which can be claimed as an alternative to Finslerian black hole. This study can be considered as a sequel of our previous works based on the Finslerian geometry where we have constructed some phenomenological models for compact stars and wormholes. The concept of gravastar was first proposed by Mazur and Mottola (2001. arXiv:gr-qc/0109035; Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:9545, 2004) which consist of three regions in its configuration namely (I) the interior core, (II) the intermediate thin shell, and (III) the vacuum exterior. These three regions can be described by three different equation of state. Here we solve gravastar under the framework of Finsler geometry and obtain a set of exact and physically acceptable solutions for three different regions. We have also studied various physical parameters which are fulfilled by the physical requirement for validity of the present study on gravastar within the Finslerian spacetime geometry.

Multitechnique Rain Classification From Ground-Based Measurements Over a Tropical Location

Abstract: This article aims to classify precipitation into two categories, namely stratiform and convective. Multiple techniques, such as utilizing the micro rain radar (MRR), electric field monitor (EFM), radiometer, and disdrometer measurements, have been deployed for this purpose, at a tropical location Kolkata, India. A new rain classification technique, using logistic regression modeling of the sixth to third moment ratio ${(M6/M3)}$ , has been proposed. Classification of rain types based on the new technique shows high consistency with that based on radar reflectivity ( ${Z}$ ) values obtained from disdrometer measurements. This article also distinguishes mixed rain from stratiform and convective rain. The observations on the bright band structure by MRR and on differential brightness temperature at 31.4 and 22.23 GHz by a radiometer are utilized to classify mixed rain types. Although the EFM measurements do not classify rain types directly, they give a distinct signature of the impending stratiform/convective rain events. A comparative analysis between the percentage of stratiform and convective rain durations shows significant dominance of stratiform rain over convective rain. At the present location, the convective phenomenon shows higher occurrences during the pre-monsoon period compared to the monsoon period.

Probabilistic Weighted induced Multi-Class Support Vector Machines for Face Recognition

Abstract: This paper deals with a probabilistic weighted multi-class support vector machines for face recognition. The support vector machines (SVM) has been applied to many application fields such as pattern recognition in last decade. The support vector machines determine the hyperplane which separates largest fraction of samples of the similar class on the same side. The SVM also maximizes the distance from the either class to the separating hyperplane. It has been observed that in many realistic applications, the achieved training data is frequently tainted by outliers and noises. Support vector machines are very sensitive to outliers and noises. It may happen that a number of points in the training dataset are misplaced from their true position or even on the wrong side of the feature space. The weighted support vector machines are designed to overcome the outlier sensitivity problem of the support vector machines. The main issue in the training of the weighted support vector machines algorithm is to build up a consistent weighting model which can imitate true noise distribution in the training dataset, i.e., reliable data points should have higher weights, and the outliers should have lower weights. Therefore, the weighted support vector machines are trained depending on the weights of the data points in the training set. In the proposed probabilistic weighted multi-class support vector machines the weights are generated by probabilistic method. The weighted multi-class support vector machines have been constructed using a combination of the weighted binary support vector machines and one-against-all decision strategies. Numerous experiments have been performed on the AR, CMU PIE and FERET face databases using different experimental strategies. The experimental results show that the performance of the probabilistic weighted multi-class support vector machines is superior to the multi-class support vector machines in terms of recognition rate.

Performance Analysis of Some Low-Cost and Locally Available Adsorbents that Remove Excess Fluoride Ion from Raw Water to Develop a Filter for the Rural Population

Abstract: The fluoride content in drinking water is an existing concern for public health engineers and water scientists. An optimum concentration of fluoride in drinking water has beneficial effect including the prevention of dental caries and calcification of dental enamel for the children. However, on the contrary, excess fluoride content over permissible concentration galvanizes the risk of dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, and crippling skeletal fluorosis. In this study, an effort has been made to have an insight into the fluorosis affected states of India and to recommend some cost-effective and efficient technology to eradicate fluorosis from India. The column study has been adopted for activated alumina, bone charcoal, and a batch study for cement granule. The present study has revealed the fluoride uptake capacity of 97.9% in the case of bone charcoal and 85.3% in the case of activated alumina which is more promising and efficient as compared to cement granules. But the manufacturing process of bone charcoal has certain environmental constraints and the cost is also much higher for the same. The maximum removal capacity has been obtained as 3.44 mg/g of activated alumina at a flow rate of about 5 l/h. The test results found for activated alumina have best fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Therefore, considering the economic constraints of the rural population and the ease of operation, the adsorption filter using activated alumina as the media might be recommended to remove fluoride from drinking water at the domestic level.

An Alternative Inverter Control Strategy for Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) System

Abstract: Use of distribution generation (DG) system in large scale is becoming an encouraging scenario for electric power generation. For this purpose, three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) carried out a major role to link between DG and grid. The inverter must be operated smoothly and stay connected during voltage sag or any kind of disturbances takes place. Till date, several control strategies have been invented and also implemented in different systems globally to maintain the healthy operation of the inverter. This paper proposes an alternative method to control the voltage source inverter of grid-connected solar photovoltaic (SPV) system. The proposed work is focused on an alternative inverter control process based on a synchronously reference frame phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL). A modified dual-loop feedback control strategy has been introduced and implemented in the proposed system to show effective control of a three-phase grid-connected voltage source inverter. All the simulations have been carried out and verified in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.

Specific Absorption Rate Estimation for a Typical Hibiscus Flower Model as per ICNIRP Electromagnetic Guidelines

Abstract: Specific Absorption Rate is a measure of the rate at which electromagnetic energy is absorbed by a living dielectric object while exposed to microwave radiation. Specific Absorption Rate estimation in different standard human phantoms is commonly performed to safeguard human health from possible hazards of cell phone radiation. Plants and flowers that possess reasonably high dielectric properties are also continuously exposed to electromagnetic radiation from wireless communication antennas installed on towers and high rise buildings. Hence, considerably high electromagnetic energy absorption rate is expected among different plants and flowers too; and consequent investigations on possible biological effects should also be carried out. With this background, this work aims at dielectric properties characterization of hibiscus flowers and estimating Specific Absorption Rate for a typical hibiscus flower structure at 2.45 GHz ISM band. Linearly polarized plane wave irradiation has been impinged as per global electromagnetic regulatory guidelines prescribed by International Commission on Non¬Ionizing Radiation Protection. Estimated maximum local point, 1g averaged and whole body averaged Specific Absorption Rate data have been reported and observed to be of significant level.

Advanced Portable Exoskeleton with Self-healing Technology Assisted by AI

Abstract: The intention of this paper is to exhibit the wonderful combination of the future artificial intelligent system capable of making important decision with prompt action installed in the mechanical exoskeleton. It will follow the orders from the operator of the suit and will be comprising of nanochips to control the various function of the system. Such a system will be controlled by the human beings encoded with a single person at a time. This is recommended for the safety of the suit itself. This exoskeleton will have self-healing technology. At the time when exoskeleton is getting damaged by any man-made source, then it will start the self-healing process. The exoskeleton will not only provide the protection of the person operating it but also has a wide variety of use. The most significant part of this exoskeleton will be its self-sustaining energy production to power up the suit for its functioning. The energy producer will be environment-friendly and will not produce any toxicants. Magnetic fields will be used to yield electricity. This suit will be capable of working everywhere in air, water and land. Since this will be the first prototype of the suit, some more characteristics with developments will be presented inside. This will also be the encroachment in the field of robotics where there will be the best coordination between a machine and a human. This modernisation will defend the precious human lives fighting for redeemable civilisation.