Showing papers by "Cabot Corporation published in 1974"

Filler Aggregates and Their Effect on Reinforcement

Abstract: The most highly reinforcing fillers, namely carbon blacks and silicas, consist of aggregates of quasi-spherical particles fused together. In the absence of direct experimental studies with...

Process for producing carbon black

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a process for the production of oil furnace carbon blacks, which process is characterized by exceptionally high throughput, efficient use of heat, facile scale-up, high yields and the ability to produce high quality novel and desirable carbon blacks. The process involves the use of a staged reaction system whereby there is provided, seriatim, a combustion zone, a feedstock injection zone and a carbon forming zone.

Carbon black pigments and rubber compositions containing the same

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a certain class of carbon black products having high surface area and very low degree of porosity and the use thereof as reinforcing additives in the preparation of rubber compositions having improved properties.

Paper coating compositions and organic pigments used therein

Abstract: Improved aqueous slurry type coating colors for coating of paper, paperboard and the like are described in which there is incorporated along with the usual finely divided inorganic pigments, such as clay, an auxiliary pigment consisting of a substantially water-insoluble, cross-linked urea-formaldehyde pigment in highly dispersed particulate form. The urea-formaldehyde pigment constitutes from about 2 to 25% and preferably from about 3 to about 15% by weight of the total pigment solids in the coating colors. The BET specific surface area of the particulate urea-formaldehyde pigments ranges from about 40 to about 75 square meters per gram in which instance the average agglomerate size of the pigments ranges from about 2 to about 3.5 microns. In those instances where the BET specific surface area of the urea-formaldehyde pigments ranges from at least 15 to 40 square meters per gram, the average agglomerate size of the pigments ranges from about 2 to about 4 microns.

Analysis of Gas-Solid Particle Flows in Shock Tubes

Abstract: Theme T use of shock tubes for experimental investigations of high-speed suspension flows has motivated the development of a corresponding numerical calculation procedure. The Particle-In-Cell (PIC) method has been adapted to handle suspension flows by treating each phase as a set of discrete "mass points." As in the single-phase PIC calculation the flowfield is divided into small regions fixed in space (cells), but in the modified procedure phase interactions are incorporated into the equations for the changes in the properties of the materials occupying the cells. Details of the calculation are given in Ref. 2. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dependence of the calculated results on the assumed phase interaction (drag and heat transfer). The behavior of suspension flows in shock tubes also was investigated for the limiting case of problem times that are large compared with the characteristic velocity and thermal equilibration times. In this case, there exists a zone behind the shock within which the phases are in velocity and thermal equilibrium. These equilibrium properties, as well as the equilibrium shock speed, can be calculated by applying the shock tube equations to an "equivalent gas" defined in terms of the properties of the suspension, thereby providing a check on the calculated flow properties.

Production of high structure carbon blacks

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an improved furnace process for preparing carbon blacks by the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks wherein the resultant blacks have higher structure characteristics than the carbon blacks normally prepared from the feedstocks.

Bag filter leak detection

Abstract: A method for the detection of leaks in bag filter apparatus is disclosed wherein there is employed a leak tracer composition comprising a gaseous dispersion of a very light, sub-micron particulate contrast medium. The tracer composition is flowed through the bag filter apparatus and leaks are detected by visual inspection of the filtration elements from the exhaust side thereof.

Method and means for gas sampling in mass spectrometry

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a method and means for the collection and introduction of sample gases into a mass spectrometer gas analyzer.

Urea-formaldehyde pigmentary fillers used in paper

Abstract: This disclosure relates to the use of certain insoluble, infusible, non-porous, particulate urea-formaldehyde polymers having a molar ratio of urea to formaldehyde ranging from about 1:1.3 to about 1:1.8 as pigmentary fillers in the preparation of paper products having improved properties.

The Effect of Structure Breakdown of Carbon Black on Rubber Properties

Abstract: Mechanical processing of carbon blacks by a novel pressure-milling technique provides a controlled breakdown of primary carbon-black aggregates. In contrast, direct compression has a much smaller effect on aggregate size. In rubber vulcanizates, the pressure-milled carbon blacks give about the same vulcanizate properties as normal carbon blacks with the same void volume or DBP absorption value. Breakdown of aggregates occurs during the process of incorporating and dispersing carbon black in rubber. The retention of average aggregate size after mixing in rubber is in the range of 60–70 per cent for Vulcan M (N339), a new technology tread black. We have shown that the DBP absorption method cannot distinguish between loss in void volume by compaction of aggregates versus the actual breakdown of aggregates. The sedimentation method by centrifuging provides a means for measuring aggregate size independent of the original packing of the dry black. In order to carry out these studies, a number of new ex...

Method of producing a ductile rare-earth containing superalloy

Abstract: A method is provided for producing ductile superalloys containing rare-earth metals, lanthanum and yttrium by melting the desired alloy composition by conventional melt practices, adding the rare-earth metals, lanthanum or yttrium to the molten composition, forming the alloy composition into solid electrodes, remelting the solid electrode by electroslag remelting techniques and casting the remelted alloy.

Method and means for quantitative analysis of sulfuric acid-containing gases

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and means for the quantitative analysis of sulfuric acid contained as a vapor or aerosol in a sample gas. The sample gas is contacted with a water extractant having a substantial exposed surface, thereby to collect the sulfuric acid component therein. The resulting water/sulfuric acid solution is diluted with a further amount of water and the electrical conductivity of the resulting liquid aliquot is measured, said conductivity being related to the concentration of sulfuric aicd therein.

A Method for Evaluation of Carbon Blacks and Correlation with Road Wear Ratings

Abstract: Prediction of tread wear from laboratory tests can be a valuable guide in the development of improved carbon blacks and controlling the quality of normal production. We have developed two tests which give good correlation with actual road wear data on over 100 experimental blacks. One test involves running Akron angle abrasion on a compound with only 30 phr of carbon black where differences in abrasion resistance are magnified. The other test measures surface activity towards the polymer by determining bound rubber content of a heat‐treated nonproductive mix. By using both tests together, tread wear ratings of blacks used in this study could be predicted almost as well as by a single, controlled, multisectional road test with five tires run for 8000–10,000 miles.

Traction‐Abrasion Relationships of Tread Compounds Containing New Reinforcing Blacks

Abstract: Abradibility and braking force coefficient (BFC) were determined on compounds of various elastomers and fillers, using a modified Lambourn abrader. Butyl rubber showed the highest BFC and butadiene rubber the lowest, with SBR intermediate. While the effect of carbon black type is not as large, certain types of carbon black imparted not only improved traction ("wet" BFC) to tread compounds but also increased wear resistance, in contrast to other methods of improving traction which invariably lead to lower abrasion resistance. The laboratory relationship was confirmed on actual tires on a special trailer and on a test fleet car. /Author/

Coated tubular electrodes

Abstract: This invention relates to improved coated filled-tubular hard-surfacing electrodes and methods for manufacturing same. In the manufacture of electrodes of this invention, the ends of electrodes are sealed by dip coating in a liquid or slurry, similar to the flux coating composition.

The Notch Sensitivity of Boron Film Reinforced Composites

Abstract: The notch sensitivity of boron film (B/PI) reinforced graphite fiber composites was compared to the behavior of fiber-only material by means of uniaxial tests on tensile coupons with two sizes of holes (.052 and .104 in.) drilled at midgage length, and on undrilled control coupons. The re sults indicated that B/PI additions to graphite fiber laminates reduced the notch sensitivity, while at the same time substantially raising both the tensile strength and the work-to-fracture of the material.