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Showing papers by "Cabot Corporation published in 1975"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that surface modifications of carbon black with a wide variety of groups have shown only minimal effects on rubber-reinforcing ability, giving cured vulcanizates of high crosslink density.
Abstract: 1. Heat treatment of carbon black-rubber mixtures is a method of “in process” polymer grafting which gives a definite improvement in the dynamic properties of vulcanizates. 2. The heat treatment process can be more effective if chemical promoters are used. These chemical promoters function as coupling agents between filler surface and rubber. 3. With very unreactive butyl rubber an effective interaction is produced both by the addition of chemical promoters and by the use of specially active surface-modified carbon black. 4. In normal unsaturated rubbers, surface modifications of carbon black with a wide variety of groups has shown only minimal effects on rubber-reinforcing ability. Halogenated blacks have a pronounced effect on vulcanization kinetics, giving cured vulcanizates of high crosslink density. 5. Carbon black surfaces can be deactivated by calcining at high temperatures. The loss of surface-bound hydrogen may not account for this loss in surface activity. 6. Grafting of polymers to the...

280 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The interaction between fumed silica and silicone elastomer after various treatments of the silica surface has been investigated in this article, and the results indicated that the interaction is much more intensive than in carbon black-hydrocarbon rubber systems.
Abstract: The interaction between fumed silica and silicone elastomer after various treatments of the silica surface has been investigated. The effect of the treatments was determined by measuring bound rubber, an interaction coefficient by means of the oscillating disk rheometer, the mechanical properties of the vulcanizates, the morphology of the silica aggregates, and the use of an hydroxyl-terminated silicone rubber. The results indicated that the interaction is much more intensive than in carbon black-hydrocarbon rubber systems. This is demonstrated by much higher bound rubber values (by a factor of 2–3) and a higher interaction coefficient. It is shown that the major effect on this interaction coefficient is the specific interaction by hydrogen bonding, between silica surface silanol groups and the polydimethylsiloxane chain. In this bonding the isolated hydroxyl groups should play the major part. Partial inactivation of these isolated silanol groups leads to improved strength but lower modulus. Maxi...

150 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
A. E. Germeles1
TL;DR: In this paper, the mixing of two miscible liquids of slightly different densities was considered, where one of them (cargo) was injected into a tank partially filled with the other (inventory), such that buoyancy and inertia act in concert on the plume produced by the cargo.
Abstract: We consider the mixing between two miscible liquids of slightly different density (< 10%) when one of them (cargo) is injected into a tank partially filled with the other (inventory). The injection of the cargo is such that buoyancy and inertia act in concert on the plume produced by the cargo. The two basic processes that govern the mixing of the two liquids in the tank are the entrainment of tank liquid by the plume and the tank circulation set up by this entrainment and by the plume discharge. Unlike plumes in an environment of infinite extent, the plume in this case changes its environment continuously, which, in turn, has a continuously-varying effect on the plume. A mathematical model for the mixing of the two liquids is presented, from which one can compute the tank stratification that may result when given amounts of cargo and inventory are thus mixed. Plume entrainment theory is used for the plume dynamics and a ‘filling-box’ model is used for the tank circulation. The partial differential equations of the model are integrated by an original and unique numerical method. The problem was also treated experimentally. The tank stratification is expressed in terms of a normalized density-difference variable δ. Except for some very localized large discrepancies, due to certain local effects not included in the model, computed and experimental profiles of δ agree very well, their maximum and average deviations being within 4 and 2%, respectively. It is found that values of the empirical plume parameters α and λ that are used commonly for steady plumes in environments of infinite extent are approximately right for the time-dependent plumes under consideration too.

99 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
G. R. Cotten1
TL;DR: In this paper, a theory was proposed to explain the observed changes in viscosity and extrusion shrinkage of rubber stocks based on the concept of occluded rubber which is rich in high molecular weight polymer and behaves as a part of filler volume during viscous flow.
Abstract: 1. A direct correlation between bound rubber content and molecular weight of soluble polymer was found for a wide range of carbon black samples and processing conditions in SBR. 2. No significant polymer degradation occurred during the ineorporation of carbon black into SBR rubber. 3. A theory was proposed to explain the observed changes in viscosity and extrusion shrinkage of rubber stocks. This theory is based on the concept of occluded rubber which is rich in high molecular weight polymer and behaves as a part of filler volume during viscous flow.

17 citations


Patent
08 Sep 1975
TL;DR: Nickel and cobalt base alloy articles are provided coated with a composition consisting essentially of about 20-60% chromium, 6-11% aluminum, 0.01-2.0% of a reactive metal such as yttrium, lanthanum or cerium and the balance nickel as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Nickel and cobalt base alloy articles are provided coated with a composition consisting essentially of about 20-60% chromium, 6-11% aluminum, 0.01-2.0% of a reactive metal such as yttrium, lanthanum or cerium and the balance nickel.

15 citations


Patent
24 Nov 1975
TL;DR: Improved aqueous slurry type coating colors for coating of paper, paperboard and the like are described in this article in which there is incorporated along with the usual finely divided inorganic pigments, such as clay, an auxiliary pigment consisting of a substantially water-insoluble, cross-linked urea-formaldehyde resin in highly dispersed particulate form.
Abstract: Improved aqueous slurry type coating colors for coating of paper, paperboard and the like are described in which there is incorporated along with the usual finely divided inorganic pigments, such as clay, an auxiliary pigment consisting of a substantially water-insoluble, cross-linked urea-formaldehyde resin in highly dispersed particulate form. The urea-formaldehyde pigment constitutes from about 2 to 25% and preferably from about 3 to about 15% by weight of the total pigment solids in the coating colors. The BET specific surface area of the particulate urea-formaldehyde pigments ranges from about 40 to about 75 square meters per gram in which instance the average agglomerate size of the pigments ranges from about 2 to about 3.5 microns. In those instances where the BET specific surface area of the urea-formaldehyde pigments ranges from at least 15 to 40 square meters per gram, the average agglomerate size of the pigments ranges from about 2 to about 4 microns.

13 citations


Patent
17 Mar 1975
TL;DR: A diamond wire drawing die blank and method for making the same are provided in this paper, where a diamond die blank is formed by metering about one half of a metal powder required to form a shroud around a diamond into a die cavity, partially compressing said one half while forming a central conical depression in said powder, placing a diamond in the formed conical cavity, adding the remaining metal powder to the mold over the die and first compressed half, compressing the metal powder around the diamond and sintering said powder compact
Abstract: A diamond wire drawing die blank and method for making the same are provided in which a diamond die blank is formed by metering about one half of a metal powder required to form a shroud around a diamond into a die cavity, partially compressing said one half while forming a central conical depression in said powder, placing a diamond in the formed conical cavity, adding the remaining metal powder to the mold over the die and first compressed half, compressing the metal powder around the diamond and sintering said powder compact

11 citations


Patent
29 Dec 1975
TL;DR: A cast thermally stable high temperature nickel-base alloy characterized by superior oxidation resistance, sustainable hot strength and retention of ductility on aging is provided by maintaining the alloy chemistry within the composition molybdenum 13.7% to 15.5%; chromium 14.1% to 16.5% and the balance nickel while maintaining the Nv number less than 2.31 as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A cast thermally stable high temperature nickel-base alloy characterized by superior oxidation resistance, sustainable hot strength and retention of ductility on aging is provided by maintaining the alloy chemistry within the composition molybdenum 13.7% to 15.5%; chromium 14.7% to 16.5%; carbon up to 0.1%, lanthanum in an effective amount to provide oxidation resistance up to 0.08%; boron up to 0.015%; manganese 0.3% to 1.0%; silicon 0.2% to 0.8; cobalt up to 2.0%; iron up to 3.0%; tungsten up to 1.0%; copper up to 0.4%; phosphorous up to 0.02%; sulfur up to 0.015%; aluminum 0.1% to 0.5% and the balance nickel while maintaining the Nv number less than 2.31.

11 citations


Patent
16 Sep 1975
TL;DR: In this article, improved asphalt cements and bituminous paving compositions containing certain reinforcing filler compositions which impart desirable properties to improve the properties of the resulting asphalt cement and paving.
Abstract: There are provided improved asphalt cements and bituminous paving compositions containing certain reinforcing filler compositions which impart desirable properties thereto. The filler compositions of the invention comprises certain carbon blacks which have been treated with certain non-volatile petroleum oils.

9 citations


Patent
16 Oct 1975
TL;DR: In this article, a wet pelletizing process for improved carbon black pellets having controlled size, uniformity and bulk handling properties is described, where fluffy carbon black is intimately mixed with a portion of the liquid medium required for pellet formation prior to adding the remainder of the remaining liquid medium during pelletization.
Abstract: A wet pelletizing process for preparing improved carbon black pellets having controlled size, uniformity and bulk handling properties, wherein fluffy carbon black is intimately mixed with a portion of the liquid medium required for pellet formation prior to adding the remainder of the liquid medium during pelletization

6 citations


Patent
09 Jun 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, an improved method of well stimulation involving the use of explosive mixtures performed downhole and employing the combustible components of the fossil fuel producing formation as the fuel component of the explosive mixture was presented.
Abstract: There is disclosed herein an improved method of well stimulation involving the use of explosive mixtures performed downhole and employing the combustible components of the fossil fuel producing formation as the fuel component of the explosive mixture.

Patent
Elbert Walker1
09 May 1975
TL;DR: In this article, a multiple output belt driving geared transmission with control of the speed and power delivered to the belt means and subsequent prime user is presented. But the authors did not specify the transmission parameters.
Abstract: There is disclosed a multiple output belt driving geared transmission wherein control of the speed and power delivered to the belt means and subsequent prime user is provided.

01 Oct 1975
TL;DR: In this article, an investigation was carried out to determine the optimum alloy within the Ni-16Cr-Al-Y2O3 system for use as a vane material in advanced aircraft gas turbine engines.
Abstract: The investigation was carried out to determine the optimum alloy within the Ni-16Cr-Al-Y2O3 system for use as a vane material in advanced aircraft gas turbine engines. Six alloys containing nominally 4%, 5% and 6% Al with Y2O3 levels of 0.8% and 1.2% were prepared by mechanical attrition. Six small-scale, rectangular extrusions were produced from each powder lot for property evaluation. The approximate temperatures for incipient melting were found to be 1658 K (2525 F), 1644 K (2500 F) and 1630 K (2475 F) for the 4%, 5% and 6% aluminum levels, respectively. With the exception of longitudinal crystallographic texture, the eight extrusions selected for extensive evaluation either exceeded or were close to mechanical property goals. Major differences between the alloys became apparent during dynamic oxidation testing, and in particular during the 1366 K (2000 F)/500 hour Mach 1 tests carried out by NASA-Lewis. An aluminum level of 4.75% was subsequently judged to be optimum based on considerations of dynamic oxidation resistance, susceptibility to thermal fatigue cracking and melting point.

Patent
04 Dec 1975
TL;DR: In this article, the ends of filled tube rods are sealed with a solid organic film volatilizable at welding temperature to provide a contaminant free weldment, the organic film is preferably a sealant composition containing pyroxylin (nitrocellulose), ether, and absolute alcohol as principal ingredients, and dried by very rapid means, i.e., infrared heating.
Abstract: In the manufacture of filled tube rods the ends of the rods are sealed with a solid organic film volatilizable at welding temperature to provide a contaminant free weldment. The organic film is preferably a sealant composition containing pyroxylin (nitrocellulose), ether, and absolute alcohol as principal ingredients, and dried by very rapid means, i.e., infrared heating.

Patent
24 Apr 1975

Patent
05 May 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, the color development properties of black-pigmented coating compositions and carbon-black compositions for pigmentation of such coatings are discussed, with the provision therein of minor amounts of certain organic acid salts of iron or zirconium.
Abstract: Black-pigmented coating compositions and carbon black compositions for pigmentation of such coatings are disclosed. Superior color development properties are imparted to said compositions by the provision therein of minor amounts of certain organic acid salts of iron or zirconium.

Patent
28 Nov 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for adding reactive metals to a molten metal bath by forming said reactive metal into an elongated member, suspending said member generally lengthwise vertically of a mold and pouring metal to be treated into said mold, to make said formed member an integral part of the molten metal as it rises in the mold and is cooled.
Abstract: A method is provided for adding reactive metals to a molten metal bath by forming said reactive metal into an elongated member, suspending said member generally lengthwise vertically of a mold and pouring metal to be treated into said mold, to make said formed member an integral part of the molten metal as it rises in the mold and is cooled.

Patent
20 Mar 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the process of filling hollow weld rods with a solid material which has entered into the rod ends between the particles of filler and solidified into a film covering the rod end and filling the interstices of the filler material adjacent the end.
Abstract: In the manufacture of hollow weld rods filled with particulate solids such as carbides, the rod ends are sealed with a solid material which has entered into the rod ends between the particles of filler and solidified into a film covering the rod end and filling the interstices of the filler material adjacent the end.