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Showing papers by "Cabot Corporation published in 2018"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The overall weight of evidence indicates that carbon black should not be considered a direct genotoxicant or reproductive toxicant in humans.
Abstract: Carbon black is produced industrially by the partial combustion or thermal decomposition of gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons under controlled conditions. It is considered a poorly soluble, low toxicity (PSLT) particle. Recently, results from a number of published studies have suggested that carbon black may be directly genotoxic, and that it may also cause reproductive toxicity. Here, we review the evidence from these studies to determine whether carbon black is likely to act as a primary genotoxicant or reproductive toxicant in humans. For the genotoxicity endpoint, the available evidence clearly shows that carbon black does not directly interact with DNA. However, the study results are consistent with the mechanism that, at high enough concentrations, carbon black causes inflammation and oxidative stress in the lung leading to mutations, which is a secondary genotoxic mechanism. For the reproductive toxicity endpoint for carbon black, to date, there are various lung instillation studies and one short-term inhalation study that evaluated a selected number of reproduction endpoints (e.g. gestational and litter parameters) as well as other general endpoints (e.g. gene expression, neurofunction, DNA damage); usually at one time point or using a single dose. It is possible that some of the adverse effects observed in these studies may be the result of non-specific inflammatory effects caused by high exposure doses. An oral gavage study reported no adverse reproductive or developmental effects at the highest dose tested. The overall weight of evidence indicates that carbon black should not be considered a direct genotoxicant or reproductive toxicant.

51 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 2018-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, an industry reference carbon black, SRB8, was analyzed with a protocol based on ASTM D3849-14a, a method for morphological characterization of carbon black aggregates using electron microscopy.

29 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jul 2018-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, acid extraction method is employed to remove the impurities in the base carbon black and the electrochemical performance of the product materials (SC2A) are evaluated in comparison with other commercially available conductive additives.

22 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, solvent-cast poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) nanocomposites reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and fumed silica were compared.
Abstract: This work compares solvent-cast poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) nanocomposites reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and fumed silica. Mechanical properties and crystallization behavior were investigated over a range of polymer molecular weights (10 000–100 000 g/mol) and particle loadings (1–10 wt %). Polymer adsorption to CNCs and fumed silica was found to alter PEO undercooling and inhibit crystal nucleation. Atomic force microscopy revealed PEO adsorbs to CNCs in a shish-kebab morphology that is readily incorporated into the crystalline domains of the polymer. Tensile testing and nanoindentation showed that Young’s modulus increased by more than 60% for CNC reinforced nanocomposites, and that the Halpin–Kardos model could effectively describe the mechanical properties. Fumed silica reinforced nanocomposites were fit to the Guth–Gold micromechanical model using effective particle volume fractions. Although only solvent-cast nanocomposites were investigated, this work provides new insight into the in...

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Bio-based oil is an emerging oil source to replace petroleum oil products in elastomers as a plasticizer as mentioned in this paper, it is renewable, low cost, and has many advantages over conventional petroleum pla...
Abstract: Bio-based oil is an emerging oil source to replace petroleum oil products in elastomers as a plasticizer. It is renewable, low cost, and has many advantages over conventional petroleum pla...

8 citations


Patent
28 Sep 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, graphite particles are placed in mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid and a supply of chlorate is provided to the graphite reaction mixture while it is agitated by a sparger, and the resulting graphite oxide slurry is pumped to a tangential filtration system where it is purified and concentrated.
Abstract: Methods for the production of reduced graphene oxide worm (rGOW) particles. Graphite particles are placed in mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. A supply of chlorate is provided to the graphite reaction mixture while it is agitated by a sparger. The resulting graphite oxide slurry is pumped to a tangential filtration system where it is purified and concentrated. The concentrated slurry is then fed to a high temperature spray dryer where it is simultaneously dried and chemically reduced to produce rGOW particles.

6 citations



Patent
26 Mar 2018
TL;DR: In this article, methods to make a silica elastomer composite with a destabilized dispersion of silica are described, along with the advantages achieved with the methods and composites made from the methods.
Abstract: Methods to make a silica elastomer composite with a destabilized dispersion of silica are described, along with silica elastomer composites made from the methods. The advantages achieved with the methods are further described.

5 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Zentraler Erfahrungsaustauschkreis/Ausschuss fur Produktsicherheit (ZEK/AfPS) analytical method established within the GS quality label for the determination of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in consumer articles made out of rubber or plastic was demonstrated as unsuitable for carbon black as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Zentraler Erfahrungsaustauschkreis/Ausschuss fur Produktsicherheit (ZEK/AfPS) analytical method established within the Geprufte Sicherheit (GS) quality label for the determination of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in consumer articles made out of rubber or plastic was demonstrated as unsuitable for carbon black (CB). High molecular weight PAHs are not efficiently extracted from CB through the ZEK/AfPS method when compared with the CB-specific method consisting of 48 h Soxhlet extraction. The low extraction efficiency correlates with the low recovery or loss of the deuterated isotopologues added prior to the 1 h ZEK/AfPS ultrasound extraction of the native PAHs. These phenomena are dependent on the type and concentration level of the various PAHs and are attributed to the relative distribution and adsorption of the native and deuterated PAHs between the CB surface and the toluene phase. These findings are based on comparative extractions of various carbon black grades, use of a lar...

4 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Oct 2018
TL;DR: The case study of the implementation of the Supply Chain SCOR framework in Retail Company is presented, which shows the importance of knowing how all business processes fit together.
Abstract: Business process frameworks are now usually used as commonplace to support companies in embracing enterprise architectures and working out how all business processes fit together. There are different methodologies and frameworks available for achieving this goal. The paper presents the case study of the implementation of the Supply Chain SCOR framework in Retail Company.

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The paper summarises important milestones and lessons learnt during implementation of SCOR in a retail company, as well as main challenges in the implementation of new process modelling framework.
Abstract: The paper describes the implementation of process management methodology SCOR in a retail company. The supply chain operations reference model (SCOR) provides process management methodology, including processes, their metrics, benchmarking and diagnostic tools to assist an organisation in enhancing supply chain processes. The model contains multiple sections and is composed of management processes, such as Plan, Source, Make, Deliver, Return and Enable. The model can be used to describe processes of supply chains that are simple or very complex using a common set of definitions. As a result, processes of companies from different industries can be measured against industry peers using the same metrics. The paper summarises important milestones and lessons learnt during implementation of SCOR in a retail company. It explains benefits of SCOR, as well as main challenges in the implementation of new process modelling framework.

Patent
27 Apr 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, reinforcing-grade carbon black with high structure is described and the carbon black can have the following properties: a statistical thickness surface area (STSA) ranging from 80 m 2/g to 150 m 2 /g, an OAN of at least 180 mL/100 g, and a crushed oil absorption number (COAN) of at at least 110 mL /100 g.
Abstract: Carbon blacks such as reinforcing-grade carbon blacks with high structure are described. The carbon black can have the following properties: a statistical thickness surface area (STSA) ranging from 80 m 2 /g to 150 m 2 /g, an oil absorption number (OAN) of at least 180 mL/100 g, and a crushed oil absorption number (COAN) of at least 110 mL/100 g. Rubber compounds which incorporate the carbon black also are described.

Patent
08 Nov 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe methods to prepare elastomer compounds that include dry mixing at least one additive to an elastic composite masterbatch at low temperatures over a shortened mixing cycle with reduced energy consumption.
Abstract: Methods to prepare elastomer compounds are described that include dry mixing at least one additive to an elastomer composite masterbatch at low temperatures over a shortened mixing cycle with reduced energy consumption The elastomer composite masterbatch is produced in a liquid masterbatch process The resulting elastomer compounds are further described as well as property improvements that can be achieved



Patent
15 Jun 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, an electrode, including an electrically conductive substrate and a composition supported by a surface of the substrate, is represented by carbon black particles having a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area ranging from 80 m 2 /g to 1100 m 2/g, an oil absorption number equal to or less than 300 mL/100 g, and a surface energy of 10 mJ/m 2 or less.
Abstract: An electrode, includes an electrically conductive substrate; and a composition supported by a surface of the electrically conductive substrate, the composition comprising carbon black particles having a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area ranging from 80 m 2 /g to 1100 m 2 /g, an oil absorption number equal to or less than 300 mL/100 g, a surface energy of 10 mJ/m 2 or less, and a particle size distribution with a D 50 value equal to or less than 165 nm.

Patent
Tianqi Liu1, Jinqi Xu1
04 May 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the inkjet ink compositions are defined as: at least one pigment having attached one organic group having a calcium index value greater than or equal to a value of 1,2,3-benzene tricarboxylic acid, and an acrylic polymer having an acid number of at least 150 and a weight average molecular weight ranging from 1,000 to 15,000.
Abstract: Disclosed herein are inkjet ink compositions comprising: at least one pigment having attached at least one organic group having a calcium index value greater than a calcium index value of 1,2,3-benzene tricarboxylic acid; at least one acrylic polymer having an acid number of at least 150 and a weight average molecular weight ranging from 1,000 to 15,000; and an aqueous liquid medium.

Patent
15 Jun 2018
TL;DR: In this article, an electrode includes a first lithium ion-based electroactive material; first carbon black particles having a first oil absorption number; and second carbon-black particles different from the first carbon-Black particles, the second carbon black particle having a second oil absorbing number larger than the first oil consumption number.
Abstract: An electrode includes a first lithium ion-based electroactive material; first carbon black particles having a first oil absorption number; and second carbon black particles different from the first carbon black particles, the second carbon black particles having a second oil absorption number larger than the first oil absorption number. Other electrodes and methods of making electrodes are also disclosed.