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Showing papers by "Cairo University published in 1996"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using neural networks as a learning paradigm, different techniques for choosing the inputs, outputs, and error function are described and the learning from hints technique that augments the standard learning from examples method is described.
Abstract: This paper provides a brief introduction to forecasting in financial markets with emphasis on commodity futures and foreign exchange. We describe the basic approaches to forecasting, and discuss the noisy nature of financial data. Using neural networks as a learning paradigm, we describe different techniques for choosing the inputs, outputs, and error function. We also describe the learning from hints technique that augments the standard learning from examples method. We demonstrate the use of hints in foreign-exchange trading of the U.S. Dollar versus the British Pound, the German Mark, the Japanese Yen, and the Swiss Franc, over a period of 32 months. The paper does not assume a background in financial markets.

341 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors show that very good diagnostic rates can be obtained using unconventional classifiers trained on actual patient data, and set to have minimum classification error, ease of implementation and learning, and the flexibility for future modifications.
Abstract: Visual criteria for diagnosing diffused liver diseases from ultrasound images can be assisted by computerized tissue classification. Feature extraction algorithms are proposed in this paper to extract the tissue characterization parameters from liver images. The resulting parameter set is further processed to obtain the minimum number of parameters which represent the most discriminating pattern space for classification. This preprocessing step has been applied to over 120 distinct pathology-investigated cases to obtain the learning data for classification. The extracted features are divided into independent training and test sets, and are used to develop and compare both statistical and neural classifiers. The optimal criteria for these classifiers are set to have minimum classification error, ease of implementation and learning, and the flexibility for future modifications. Various algorithms of classification based on statistical and neural network methods are presented and tested. The authors show that very good diagnostic rates can be obtained using unconventional classifiers trained on actual patient data.

293 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Low fat ground beef patties formulated with 10% water, 0.5% salt and 1-4% whey protein concentrate, evaluated for cooking characteristics and compared with controls of higher fat content showed an increase in chewiness for low fat samples over the high fat control, while hardness and springiness remained unaffected.

232 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the premixed stoichiometric turbulent methane flames are investigated on a piloted Bunsen burner with a nozzle diameter of 12 mm and mean nozzle exit velocities of 65, 50, and 30 m/s.

228 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the steady flow of an electrically conducting, viscous, incompressible fluid bounded by two parallel infinite insulated horizontal plates and the heat transfe through it are studied.
Abstract: In the present paper, the steady flow of an electrically conducting, viscous, incompressible fluid bounded by two parallel infinite insulated horizontal plates and the heat transfe through it are studied. The upper plate is given a constant velocity while the lower plate is kept stationary. The viscosity of the fluid is assumed to vary with temperature. The effect of an external uniform magnetic field as well as the action of an inflow perpendicular to the plates together with the influence of the pressure gradient on the flow and temperature distributions are reported. A numerical solution for the governing non-linear ordinary differential equations is developed.

189 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, anti-IL-10 has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on cell-mediated immunity in patients with chronic schistosomiasis hematobia.
Abstract: Humans chronically infected with schistosomiasis usually have impaired parasite Ag-specific lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-gamma production that may facilitate persistence of the parasite while producing little clinical disease. The mechanisms that contribute to the immunologic hyporesponsiveness in these patients remain undefined. IL-10 has been shown to exert an inhibitory effect on cell-mediated immunity. To determine whether endogenous IL-10 has a role in regulating parasite-specific anergy in schistosomiasis, neutralizing anti-IL-10 added to PBMC from Schistosoma haematobium patients' enhanced adult worm (SWAP)- or egg Ag (SEA)-driven lymphocyte proliferation and/or IFN-gamma production by 2- to >100-fold in 32 of 38 subjects. In contrast, anti-IL-10 failed to significantly augment the mycobacterial Ag, purified protein derivative (PPD)-driven lymphocyte proliferation, or IFN-gamma production in 9 or 10 of 14 individuals, respectively. SWAP or SEA triggered IL-10 release from PBMC of both patients and healthy individuals; however, CD4+ cells were a significant source of IL-10 only in infected subjects. PPD relative to SWAP induced fivefold less IL-10 release by CD4+ cells (p < 0.01). A possible mechanism whereby IL-10 suppressed Ag-specific T cell responses was demonstrated by the ability of SWAP and not PPD to suppress B7 expression on PBMC. Anti-IL-10 completely inhibited the parasite Ag-induced down-regulation of B7 expression. These studies indicate that IL-10 contributes to parasite Ag-induced T cell hyporesponsiveness observed in patients with chronic schistosomiasis hematobia.

180 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an overview of the applications of the feedback operational amplifiers (CFOAs) in analog circuit design is given, in particular several new circuits employing the CFOA as the active element are given.
Abstract: The current feedback operational amplifiers (CFOAs) are receiving increasing attention as basic building blocks in analog circuit design. This paper gives an overview of the applications of the CFOAs, in particular several new circuits employing the CFOA as the active element are given. These circuits include differential voltage amplifiers, differential integrators, nonideal and ideal inductors, frequency dependent negative resistors and filters. The advantages of using the CFOAs in realizing low sensitivity universal filters with grounded elements will be demonstrated by several new circuits suitable for VLSI implementation. PSPICE simulations using the AD844-CFOA which indicate the frequency limitations of some of the proposed circuits are included.

175 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an optimized Si/SiGe heterostructure for complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistor operation is presented, which is planar and avoids inversion of the Si layer at the oxide interface.
Abstract: An optimized Si/SiGe heterostructure for complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistor operation is presented. Unlike previous proposals, the design is planar and avoids inversion of the Si layer at the oxide interface. The design consists of a relaxed Si/sub 0.7/Ge/sub 0.3/ buffer, a strained Si quantum well (the electron channel), and a strained S/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ (0.7>x>0.5) quantum well (the hole channel). The channel charge distribution is predicted using a 1-D analytical model and quantum mechanical solutions. Transport is modeled using 2-D drift-diffusion and hydrodynamic numerical simulations. An almost symmetric performance of p- and n-transistors with good short-channel behavior is predicted. Simulated ring oscillators show a 4- to 6-fold reduction in power-delay product compared to bulk Si CMOS at the 0.2-/spl mu/m channel length generation.

126 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the second generation current conveyor was used to realize a low-pass-band-pass filter suitable for VLSI with second-order effects, and simulation results indicated that the performance of both the CCII circuit and the filter over a wide dynamic range.
Abstract: A novel CMOS realization of the second generation current conveyor is given. A circuit which compensates the voltage offset due to channel length modulation effect is then developed. The CCII is then used to realize a new electronically tunable low-pass-band-pass filter suitable for VLSI. Simulation results taking the second-order effects into account indicate the excellent performance of both the CCII circuit and the filter over a wide dynamic range.

104 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The study showed that 22.7% of unexplained infertility and 45.8% of patients with borderline semen would have lost their chance of embryo transfer completely because of total failure of fertilization if ICSI was not performed on some oocytes in this cycle.
Abstract: Purpose: In a prospective study, conventional IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were performed on sibling oocytes of 22 patients with unexplained infertility (Group A) and 24 patients with borderline semen (Group B).

94 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Necrolytic acral erythema is a distinctive skin lesion that was found to affect the dorsa of the feet of seven patients having active viral hepatitis C.
Abstract: Background. Necrolytic acral erythema (NAE) is a distinctive skin lesion that was found to affect the dorsa of the feet of seven patients having active viral hepatitis C. Necrolytic acral erythema occurs in the form of well circumscribed dusky erythematous areas that develop flaccid blisters in their early stages and a hyperkeratotic surface in their chronic form. Microscopically, lesions of NAE are similar to those of other necrolytic erythemas such as necrolytic migratory erythema, pellagra, and zinc deficiency. Method. Seven patients with NAE were included in this study. These patients underwent microscopic examination of punch biopsy specimens of the affected skin, abdominal sonography, ct scan of pancreas, and a liver biopsy. Blood samples were obtained for complete blood picture, serum glucose, zinc, amino acids, liver function tests, and markers of hepatitis. Results. All patients with nae were found to have hepatitis C by elisa and pcr. Conclusions. Necrolytic acral erythema is a distinctive type of necrolytic erythemas that was observed to occur almost exclusively with viral hepatitis C. Therefore, it should be considered an important cutaneous marker of hepatitis C, particularly in areas showing a high incidence of this form of hepatitis.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The most valid clinical signs of dehydration include prolonged skinfold, altered neurologic status, sunken eyes, and dry oral mucosa as the clinical signs that correlated best with percent dehydration.
Abstract: SummaryOur objective was to determine the ability of several clinical signs of dehydration to distinguish among degrees of dehydration in infants with acute diarrhea. The design was a prospective cohort study in a pediatric referral hospital in Cairo, Egypt. Infant boys, 3-18 months old, with a hist

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, Monte Carlo computer simulations were carried out on filled networks of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), which were modeled as composites of crosslinked chains and randomly arranged spherical filler particles.
Abstract: Monte Carlo computer simulations were carried out on filled networks of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), which were modeled as composites of crosslinked chains and randomly arranged spherical filler particles. The primary concern of the investigation was the effect of the excluded volume of these particles on the elastomeric properties of the polymers. Calculations were carried out for PDMS chains with different molecular masses between crosslinks, and for filler particles with different sizes and at various volume percentages. Distributions of end-to-end vectors for both unfilled and filled networks were obtained using Monte Carlo simulations based on rotational isomeric state (RIS) theory. More extended configurations, with a higher end-to-end distance, were observed for networks filled with smaller particles. The nominal stress f* and the modulus or reduced nominal stress [f*] were calculated from the distributions of end-to-end vectors using the Mark-Curro approach. Relatively small filler particles were found to increase the non-Gaussian behavior and to increase the normalized moduli above the reference value of unity. Temperature effects on the stress were also investigated. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These four cases show that hepatocellular carcinoma may develop in patients with hepatitis C virus without pre-existing cirrhosis, however, the precise role of hepatitis Cirus in hepatocarcinogenesis, the carcinogenic potential of the different genotypes and whether this role is influenced by other risk factors still have to be clarified.

Journal ArticleDOI
Reda Kamel1
TL;DR: It seems that in limited lesions of angiofibroma, the option of a transnasal endoscopic approach could be cautiously considered by experienced surgeons.
Abstract: A case of angiofibroma limited to the right posterior nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and pterygopalatine fossa was operated upon transnasally under endoscopic control. The tumour was completely excised without complications. Endoscopic follow-up for the next two years and contrast computed tomography (CT) excluded any residual tumour or recurrence. The advantages, limitations and possible complications of this approach are discussed. It seems that in limited lesions of angiofibroma, the option of a transnasal endoscopic approach could be cautiously considered by experienced surgeons.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were compared in the treatment of tubal factor infertility with normal semen parameters, and no significant difference in the pregnancy rate between the two groups.

Journal ArticleDOI
A. Shafik1
TL;DR: Polytef injection achieved LES competence through elevation of LES pressure and restoration of lower esophageal rosette through simple and easy technique, has no complications, and is performed on an outpatient basis.
Abstract: Background: In view of the unsatisfactory results of medical and surgical treatment of reflux esophagitis, a treatment modality with polytetrafluoro-ethylene injection in the lower esophagus is presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The highest concentrations of aflatoxin B1 were detected in foods that had no potential for field contamination but required drying during processing and storage, such as pomegranate peel, watermelon seeds, and molokhia.
Abstract: Samples of common Egyptian foods (17 nuts and seeds, 10 spices, 31 herbs and medicinal plants, 12 dried vegetables, and 28 cereal grains) were collected from markets in Cairo and Giza. A portion of each sample was extracted with chloroform, and the concentrated extract was cleaned by passing through a silica gel column. Aflatoxin B1 was determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with UV detection. The highest prevalence of aflatoxin B1 was in nuts and seeds (82%), followed by spices (40%), herbs and medicinal plants (29%), dried vegetables (25%), and cereal grains (21%). The highest mean concentration of aflatoxin B1 was in herb and medicinal plants (49 ppb), followed by cereals (36 ppb), spices (25 ppb), nuts and seeds (24 ppb), and dried vegetables (20 ppb). Among nuts and seeds, the prevalence of aflatoxin B1 was highest (100%) in watermelon seeds, inshell peanuts, and unshelled peanuts. The lowest prevalence and concentrations were in hommos (garbanzo beans). The highest concentrations of aflatoxin B1 were detected in foods that had no potential for field contamination but required drying during processing and storage, such as pomegranate peel, watermelon seeds, and molokhia.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of microepididymal sperm aspiration or testicular sperm aspiration in conjunction with ICSI provide a highly precise and efficient procedure for achieving pregnancy in cases of unreconstuctable obstructive azoospermia.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of fire on the flexural behavior of rc beams is investigated, and the concrete compressive strengths of the beams were determined using a Schmidt hammer, and they were tested in flexure by applying two transverse loads incrementally.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated 295 samples of livestock feedstuffs and revealed that Aspergillus ochraceus occurs with high incidence in straw samples (90%), in 40-60% of hay, cotton-seed cake, and rice samples and in 10-30% of wheat, yellow corn, barley, broiler's concentrates, kidney beans and tibn samples.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 1996
TL;DR: Results of extensive on-line tests performed for a variety of disturbances and operating conditions are presented, demonstrating the effectiveness of the fuzzy logic based stabilizer.
Abstract: Implementation of a fuzzy logic based power system stabilizer using the general purpose low cost Intel 8051FA microcontroller is described in this paper. Results of extensive on-line tests performed for a variety of disturbances and operating conditions are presented. These results amply demonstrate the effectiveness of the fuzzy logic based stabilizer.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Treatment of hypovolemic diarrheic calves with IV HSD and oral electrolyte solution is superior to administration of either solution alone.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To determine effectiveness of a new and practical method for fluid resuscitation of dehydrated diarrheic calves. DESIGN Animals randomly allocated to 4 groups with appropriate controls. ANIMALS 16 healthy male dairy calves, 3 to 6 days old. PROCEDURE After instrumentation and recording baseline data, diarrhea and hypovolemia were induced by administering milk replacer (33 ml/kg of body weight) and isotonic sucrose solution (2 g of sucrose in 19.5 ml of water/kg, PO) every 8 hours, and furosemide (2 mg/kg, IM) every 4 to 8 hours. Administration of milk replacer and furosemide was discontinued when calves became 6% dehydrated. Calves were then randomly allocated as: control (no treatment); hypertonic saline-dextran (HSD) solution (4 ml/kg, 2,400 mOsm/L NaCl in 6% dextran-70, administered once over 4 minutes, IV); isotonic alkalinizing oral electrolyte solution (55 ml/kg, PO, q 8 h); and HSD-oral electrolyte solution (combination of HSD and oral treatments). Calves were monitored for 24 hours after treatment. RESULTS Significant changes included moderate dehydration (8% body weight), marked lethargy, decreased cardiac output and plasma volume, and increased blood lactate concentration, hematocrit, and serum concentrations of albumin, creatinine, sodium, and phosphate. Control calves continued to be lethargic and dehydrated, with significant increases in hematocrit and serum creatinine concentration. Increase in cardiac output and plasma volume was transient in the HSD group and waned by 2 to 8 hours after treatment. Oral electrolyte fluid administration caused slow and sustained increase in cardiac output and plasma volume, and decrease in heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and hematocrit. Combined administration of HSD-oral electrolyte solution caused immediate and sustained increase in cardiac output and plasma volume, and decrease in heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and hematocrit. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Treatment of hypovolemic diarrheic calves with IV HSD and oral electrolyte solution is superior to administration of either solution alone.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, α-keto hydrazonoyl halides were treated with 3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline and its 1-methyl derivative.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a high-speed p-type modulation-doped field effect transistors (MODFETs) with 0.7/spl mu/m and 1/spl 1-/spl µ/m gate-lengths having unity current-gain cutoff frequencies (f/sub T/) of 9.5 GHz and 5.3 GHz were fabricated on a high hole mobility SiGe heterostructure grown by UHV-CVD.
Abstract: We report on the fabrication and characterization of high-speed p-type modulation-doped field-effect transistors (MODFETs) with 0.7-/spl mu/m and 1-/spl mu/m gate-lengths having unity current-gain cut-off frequencies (f/sub T/) of 9.5 GHz and 5.3 GHz, respectively. The devices were fabricated on a high hole mobility SiGe heterostructure grown by ultra-high-vacuum chemical vapor deposition (UHV-CVD). The dc maximum extrinsic transconductance (g/sub m/) is 105 mS/mm (205 mS/mm) at room temperature (77 K) for the 0.7-/spl mu/m gate length devices. The fabricated devices show good pinch-off characteristics and have a very low gate leakage current of a few /spl mu/A/mm at room temperature and a few nA/mm at 77 K.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the performance characteristics of hydrostatic thrust bearing were evaluated using a test rig and a specially devised computer program using an iterative technique has been adopted to compute numerically the pressure distribution and predict other performance characteristics.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that fibronectin may be a more valuable biomarker than thrombomodulin and PAI‐1 for the assessment of endothelial damage in preeclampsia and eClampsia.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a novel differential current conveyor building blocks are defined and CMOS realizations of these blocks are given, and one of the proposed conveyor circuits is seen to be insensitive to the threshold voltage variation due to the body effect.
Abstract: Novel differential current conveyor building blocks are defined. CMOS realizations of these blocks are then given. One of the proposed conveyor circuits is seen to be insensitive to the threshold voltage variation due to the body effect. The properties of the differential current conveyors are shown to be suitable for VLSI applications employing MOS transistors operating in the ohmic region. This is demonstrated by realizing four quadrant multiplier cells, current mode and mixed mode continuous time MOSFET-C filters based on the proposed blocks. PSPICE simulations indicate the excellent performance of the differential current converyor circuits.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: From the butanol extract of the leaves of Zizyphus spina-christi (L.) Willd.
Abstract: From the butanol extract of the leaves of Zizyphus spina-christi (L.) Willd. (Rhamnaceae), four saponin glycosides were isolated: Christinin A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4). Their structures were determined by chemical and spectroscopic evidence. Compound 1, was found to be 3-O-[alpha-L-fucopyranosyl (1 -> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1 ->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]jujubogenin; the others are the new, 2 being 3-O-[alpha-D-fucopyranosyl(1 -> 2)-?beta-D- glucopyranosyl-4-sulphate(1 ->3)?-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]jujubogenin, 3 being 3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl(1 -> 2)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 -> 3)-alpha- L-arabinopyranosyl]jujubogenin, and 4 being 3-O-[alpha-L-fucopyranosyl(1 -> 2) -?beta-D-arabinopyranosyl(1 -> 3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1 -> 3)?-alpha-L- arabinopyranosy]jujubogenin.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the interpolymer complex of poly(acrylic acid) with polyacrylamide was studied using infrared spectroscopy and it was found that hydrogen bonding is the primary mechanism of interaction between the two polymers.
Abstract: Infrared spectroscopy was used to study the interpolymer complexation of poly(acrylic acid) with polyacrylamide. The spectrum of the interpolymer complex showed characteristic absorption bands which are different from those of the spectra of the individual components, particularly in the OH and NH stretching vibration regions. The effects of ionic strength and poly(acrylic acid) weight fractions on the spectral features of the complex were investigated. It was found that hydrogen bonding is the primary mechanism of interaction between the two polymers. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.