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Showing papers by "Cairo University published in 2014"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Global rates of change suggest that only 16 countries will achieve the MDG 5 target by 2015, with evidence of continued acceleration in the MMR, and MMR was highest in the oldest age groups in both 1990 and 2013.

1,383 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Global Burden of Disease 2013 study provides a consistent and comprehensive approach to disease estimation for between 1990 and 2013, and an opportunity to assess whether accelerated progress has occured since the Millennium Declaration.

875 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These data are the only available cancer rates at national and regional levels of Egypt, and the pattern of cancer indicated the increased burden of liver cancer.
Abstract: Background. This paper aims to present cancer incidence rates at national and regional level of Egypt, based upon results of National Cancer Registry Program (NCRP). Methods. NCRP stratified Egypt into 3 geographical strata: lower, middle, and upper. One governorate represented each region. Abstractors collected data from medical records of cancer centers, national tertiary care institutions, Health Insurance Organization, Government-Subsidized Treatment Program, and death records. Data entry was online. Incidence rates were calculated at a regional and a national level. Future projection up to 2050 was also calculated. Results. Age-standardized incidence rates per 100,000 were 166.6 (both sexes), 175.9 (males), and 157.0 (females). Commonest sites were liver (23.8%), breast (15.4%), and bladder (6.9%) (both sexes): liver (33.6%) and bladder (10.7%) among men, and breast (32.0%) and liver (13.5%) among women. By 2050, a 3-fold increase in incident cancer relative to 2013 was estimated. Conclusion. These data are the only available cancer rates at national and regional levels of Egypt. The pattern of cancer indicated the increased burden of liver cancer. Breast cancer occupied the second rank. Study of rates of individual sites of cancer might help in giving clues for preventive programs.

701 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The discovery of a previously unidentified bacteriophage present in the majority of published human faecal metagenomes, which is referred to as crAssphage and predicted to have a Bacteroides host for this phage, consistent with Bactseroides-related protein homologues and a unique carbohydrate-binding domain encoded in the phage genome.
Abstract: Metagenomics, or sequencing of the genetic material from a complete microbial community, is a promising tool to discover novel microbes and viruses. Viral metagenomes typically contain many unknown sequences. Here we describe the discovery of a previously unidentified bacteriophage present in the majority of published human faecal metagenomes, which we refer to as crAssphage. Its ~97 kbp genome is six times more abundant in publicly available metagenomes than all other known phages together; it comprises up to 90% and 22% of all reads in virus-like particle (VLP)-derived metagenomes and total community metagenomes, respectively; and it totals 1.68% of all human faecal metagenomic sequencing reads in the public databases. The majority of crAssphage-encoded proteins match no known sequences in the database, which is why it was not detected before. Using a new co-occurrence profiling approach, we predict a Bacteroides host for this phage, consistent with Bacteroides-related protein homologues and a unique carbohydrate-binding domain encoded in the phage genome.

597 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is the first demonstration of the benefit of continuous levodopa delivery in a double-blind controlled study and offers a promising option for control of advanced Parkinson's disease with motor complications.
Abstract: Summary Background Levodopa is the most effective therapy for Parkinson's disease, but chronic treatment is associated with the development of potentially disabling motor complications. Experimental studies suggest that motor complications are due to non-physiological, intermittent administration of the drug, and can be reduced with continuous delivery. We aimed to assess efficacy and safety of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel delivered continuously through an intrajejunal percutaneous tube. Methods In our 12-week, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, double-titration trial, we enrolled adults (aged ≥30 years) with advanced Parkinson's disease and motor complications at 26 centres in Germany, New Zealand, and the USA. Eligible participants had jejunal placement of a percutaneous gastrojejunostomy tube, and were then randomly allocated (1:1) to treatment with immediate-release oral levodopa-carbidopa plus placebo intestinal gel infusion or levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel infusion plus oral placebo. Randomisation was stratified by site, with a mixed block size of 2 or 4. The primary endpoint was change from baseline to final visit in motor off-time. We assessed change in motor on-time without troublesome dyskinesia as a prespecified key secondary outcome. We assessed efficacy in a full-analysis set of participants with data for baseline and at least one post-baseline assessment, and imputed missing data with the last observation carried forward approach. We assessed safety in randomly allocated patients who underwent the percutaneous gastrojejunostomy procedure. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, numbers NCT00660387 and NCT0357994. Findings From baseline to 12 weeks in the full-analysis set, mean off-time decreased by 4·04 h (SE 0·65) for 35 patients allocated to the levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel group compared with a decrease of 2·14 h (0·66) for 31 patients allocated to immediate-release oral levodopa-carbidopa (difference −1·91 h [95% CI −3·05 to −0·76]; p=0·0015). Mean on-time without troublesome dyskinesia increased by 4·11 h (SE 0·75) in the intestinal gel group and 2·24 h (0·76) in the immediate-release oral group (difference 1·86 [95% CI 0·56 to 3·17]; p=0·0059). In the safety analyses 35 (95%) of 37 patients allocated to the levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel group had adverse events (five [14%] serious), as did 34 (100%) of 34 patients allocated to the immediate-release oral levodopa-carbidopa group (seven [21%] serious), mainly associated with the percutaneous gastrojejunostomy tube. Interpretation Continuous delivery of levodopa-carbidopa with an intestinal gel offers a promising option for control of advanced Parkinson's disease with motor complications. Benefits noted with intestinal gel delivery were of a greater magnitude than were those obtained with medical therapies to date, and our study is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of the benefit of continuous levodopa delivery in a double-blind controlled study. Funding AbbVie.

534 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the clinical presentation, association between clinical features, and differences and effects of immunoglobulin treatment in Europe for Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) patients.
Abstract: Background Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is an antibody deficiency with an equal sex distribution and a high variability in clinical presentation. The main features include respiratory tract infections and their associated complications, enteropathy, autoimmunity, and lymphoproliferative disorders. Objective This study analyzes the clinical presentation, association between clinical features, and differences and effects of immunoglobulin treatment in Europe. Methods Data on 2212 patients with CVID from 28 medical centers contributing to the European Society for Immunodeficiencies Database were analyzed retrospectively. Results Early disease onset ( Conclusion Patients with CVID are being managed differently throughout Europe, affecting various outcome measures. Clinically, CVID is a truly variable antibody deficiency syndrome.

446 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
S. Chatrchyan1, Vardan Khachatryan1, Albert M. Sirunyan1, Armen Tumasyan1  +2280 moreInstitutions (177)
TL;DR: In this paper, a search for a standard model Higgs boson decaying into a pair of tau leptons is performed using events recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011 and 2012.
Abstract: A search for a standard model Higgs boson decaying into a pair of tau leptons is performed using events recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011 and 2012. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 inverse femtobarns at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and 19.7 inverse femtobarns at 8 TeV. Each tau lepton decays hadronically or leptonically to an electron or a muon, leading to six different final states for the tau-lepton pair, all considered in this analysis. An excess of events is observed over the expected background contributions, with a local significance larger than 3 standard deviations for m[H] values between 115 and 130 GeV. The best fit of the observed H to tau tau signal cross section for m[H] = 125 GeV is 0.78 +- 0.27 times the standard model expectation. These observations constitute evidence for the 125 GeV Higgs boson decaying to a pair of tau leptons.

345 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The dual-compartment Janus mesoporous silica nanocomposites can be further applied into nanobiomedicine for heat and NIR light bimodal-triggered dual-drugs controllable release and realizes significantly higher efficiency for cancer cell killing compared to that of the single- Triggered drugs delivery system.
Abstract: Multifunctional dual-compartment Janus mesoporous silica nanocomposites of UCNP@SiO2@mSiO2&PMO (UCNP = upconversion nanoparticle, PMO = periodic mesoporous organosilica) containing core@shell@shell structured UCNP@SiO2@mSiO2 nanospheres and PMO single-crystal nanocubes have been successfully synthesized via a novel anisotropic island nucleation and growth approach with the ordered mesostructure. The asymmetric Janus nanocomposites show a very uniform size of ~300 nm and high surface area of ~1290 m(2)/g. Most importantly, the Janus nanocomposites possess the unique dual independent mesopores with different pore sizes (2.1 nm and 3.5-5.5 nm) and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity for loading of multiple guests. The distinct chemical properties of the silica sources and the different mesostructures of the dual-compartments are the necessary prerequisites for the formation of the Janus nanostructure. With the assistance of the near-infrared (NIR) to ultraviolet/visible (UV-vis) optical properties of UCNPs and heat-sensitive phase change materials, the dual-compartment Janus mesoporous silica nanocomposites can be further applied into nanobiomedicine for heat and NIR light bimodal-triggered dual-drugs controllable release. It realizes significantly higher efficiency for cancer cell killing (more than 50%) compared to that of the single-triggered drugs delivery system (~25%).

332 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of GnRH agonists in comparison with HCG for triggering final oocyte maturation in IVF and ICSI for women undergoing COH in a GnRH antagonist protocol, databases were searched and primary outcomes were live birth and rate of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) per women randomised.
Abstract: Background Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocols for pituitary down regulation in in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) allow the use of GnRH agonists for triggering final oocyte maturation. Currently, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is still the standard medication for this purpose. The effectiveness of triggering with a GnRH agonist compared to HCG measured as pregnancy and ovarian hyperstimulation(OHSS) rates are unknown. Objectives To compare the effectiveness of a GnRH agonist with HCG for triggering final oocyte maturation in IVF and ICSI patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in a GnRH antagonist protocol followed by embryo transfer. Search strategy We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE , EMBASE, the National Research Register, the Medical Research Council's Clinical Trials Register, and the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination database. We also examined the reference lists of all known primary studies and review articles, citation lists of relevant publications and abstracts of major scientific meetings. Selection criteria All randomised controlled studies (RCTs) reporting data comparing clinical outcomes for women undergoing IVF and ICSI cycles and using a GnRH agonist in comparison with HCG for final oocyte maturation triggering. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Main results We identified 11 RCTs (n = 1055). Eight studies assessed fresh autologous cycles and three studies assessed donor-recipient cycles. In fresh-autologous cycles, GnRH agonist was less effective than HCG in terms of the live birth rate per randomised woman (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.68; 4 RCTs) and ongoing pregnancy rate per randomised woman (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.65; 8 RCTs). For a group with a 30% live birth or ongoing pregnancy rate using HCG, the rate would be between 12% and 22% using an GnRH agonist. Moderate to severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) incidence per randomised woman was significantly lower in the GnRH agonist group compared to the HCG group (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.82; 5 RCTs). For a group with a 3% OHSS rate using HCG the rate would be between 0% and 2.6% using GnRH agonist. In donor recipient cycles, there was no evidence of a statistical difference in the live birth rate per randomised woman (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.61; 1 RCT). Authors' conclusions We do not recommend that GnRH agonists be routinely used as a final oocyte maturation trigger in fresh autologous cycles because of lowered live birth rates and ongoing pregnancy rates. An exception could be made for women with high risk of OHSS, after appropriate counselling.

328 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a search for new physics in multijet events with large missing transverse momentum produced in proton-proton collisions at 8 TeV using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 inverse femtobarns collected with the CMS detector at the LHC.
Abstract: A search for new physics is performed in multijet events with large missing transverse momentum produced in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s)=8 TeV using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 inverse femtobarns collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The data sample is divided into three jet multiplicity categories (3-5, 6-7, and 8 or more jets), and studied further in bins of two variables: the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta and the missing transverse momentum. The observed numbers of events in various categories are consistent with backgrounds expected from standard model processes. Exclusion limits are presented for several simplified supersymmetric models of squark or gluino pair production.

319 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is established that EndMT is an important mechanism underlying neointimal formation in interpositional vein grafts, and identifies the TGF-β–Smad2/3–Slug signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target to prevent clinical vein graft stenosis.
Abstract: Veins grafted into an arterial environment undergo a complex vascular remodeling process. Pathologic vascular remodeling often results in stenosed or occluded conduit grafts. Understanding this complex process is important for improving the outcome of patients with coronary and peripheral artery disease undergoing surgical revascularization. Using in vivo murine cell lineage-tracing models, we show that endothelial-derived cells contribute to neointimal formation through endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), which is dependent on early activation of the Smad2/3-Slug signaling pathway. Antagonism of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling by TGF-β neutralizing antibody, short hairpin RNA-mediated Smad3 or Smad2 knockdown, Smad3 haploinsufficiency, or endothelial cell-specific Smad2 deletion resulted in decreased EndMT and less neointimal formation compared to controls. Histological examination of postmortem human vein graft tissue corroborated the changes observed in our mouse vein graft model, suggesting that EndMT is operative during human vein graft remodeling. These data establish that EndMT is an important mechanism underlying neointimal formation in interpositional vein grafts, and identifies the TGF-β-Smad2/3-Slug signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target to prevent clinical vein graft stenosis.

Journal ArticleDOI
17 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this article, a search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying to a W-boson pair at the LHC is reported, and an excess of events above background is observed.
Abstract: A search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying to a W-boson pair at the LHC is reported. The event sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb−1 and 19.4 fb−1 collected with the CMS detector in pp collisions at s√ = 7 and 8 TeV, respectively. The Higgs boson candidates are selected in events with two or three charged leptons. An excess of events above background is observed, consistent with the expectation from the standard model Higgs boson with a mass of around 125 GeV. The probability to observe an excess equal or larger than the one seen, under the background-only hypothesis, corresponds to a significance of 4.3 standard deviations for m H = 125.6 GeV. The observed signal cross section times the branching fraction to WW for m H = 125.6 GeV is 0.72+0.20−0.18 times the standard model expectation. The spin-parity J P = 0+ hypothesis is favored against a narrow resonance with J P = 2+ or J P = 0− that decays to a W-boson pair. This result provides strong evidence for a Higgs-like boson decaying to a W-boson pair.

Journal ArticleDOI
Philip Bruggmann, Thomas Berg1, Anne Øvrehus2, Christophe Moreno3, C. E. Brandão Mello4, Françoise Roudot-Thoraval, Rui Tato Marinho, Morris Sherman5, Stephen D. Ryder6, Jan Sperl, Ulus Salih Akarca7, İsmail Balik8, Florian Bihl, Marc Bilodeau9, Antonio Javier Blasco, Maria Buti, Filipe Calinas, Jose Luis Calleja, Hugo Cheinquer10, Peer Brehm Christensen2, Mette Rye Clausen, Henrique Sérgio Moraes Coelho11, Markus Cornberg12, Matthew E. Cramp13, Gregory J. Dore14, Wahid Doss15, Ann-Sofi Duberg16, Manal H El-Sayed17, Gül Ergör18, Gamal Esmat15, Chris Estes, Karolin Falconer19, J. Félix, Maria Lucia Gomes Ferraz20, Paulo R. Ferreira20, S. Frankova, Javier García-Samaniego21, Jan Gerstoft22, José Giria, Fernando L. Gonçales23, E. Gower, Michael Gschwantler, M Guimarães Pessôa24, Christophe Hézode, Harald Hofer25, Petr Husa26, Ramazan Idilman8, Martin Kåberg19, Kelly Kaita27, Achim Kautz, Sabahattin Kaymakoglu28, Mel Krajden29, Henrik Krarup30, Wim Laleman31, Daniel Lavanchy, Pablo Lázaro, Paul Marotta32, S. Mauss33, M. C. Mendes Correa24, Beat Müllhaupt34, Robert P. Myers35, Francesco Negro36, Vratislav Nemecek, Necati Örmeci8, J Parkes, Kevork M. Peltekian37, Kevork M. Peltekian38, Alnoor Ramji29, Homie Razavi, N. Reis, Stuart K. Roberts39, William Rosenberg40, Rui Sarmento-Castro, Christoph Sarrazin41, David Semela42, Gamal Shiha, William Sievert39, Peter Stärkel43, Rudolf E. Stauber44, Alexander J. Thompson45, Petr Urbánek46, I. van Thiel, H. Van Vlierberghe47, D. Vandijck48, D. Vandijck47, D. Vandijck49, Wolfgang Vogel, Imam Waked, Heiner Wedemeyer, Nina Weis50, Johannes Wiegand1, Ayman Yosry15, Amany Zekry14, P. Van Damme51, Soo Aleman52, Soo Aleman19, S. J. Hindman 
Leipzig University1, Odense University Hospital2, Université libre de Bruxelles3, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro4, University Health Network5, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust6, Ege University7, Ankara University8, Université de Montréal9, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul10, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro11, Hannover Medical School12, University of Plymouth13, University of New South Wales14, Cairo University15, Örebro University16, Ain Shams University17, Dokuz Eylül University18, Karolinska University Hospital19, Federal University of São Paulo20, Carlos III Health Institute21, University of Copenhagen22, State University of Campinas23, University of São Paulo24, Medical University of Vienna25, Masaryk University26, University of Manitoba27, Istanbul University28, University of British Columbia29, Aalborg University30, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven31, University of Western Ontario32, University of Düsseldorf33, University of Zurich34, University of Calgary35, Geneva College36, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre37, Dalhousie University38, Monash University39, University College London40, Goethe University Frankfurt41, University of St. Gallen42, Université catholique de Louvain43, Medical University of Graz44, University of Melbourne45, Charles University in Prague46, Ghent University Hospital47, Ghent University48, University of Hasselt49, Copenhagen University Hospital50, University of Antwerp51, Karolinska Institutet52
TL;DR: In most countries, prevalence rates were higher among males, reflecting higher rates of injection drug use, and Diagnosis, treatment and transplant levels also differed considerably between countries.
Abstract: Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading indicator for liver disease. New treatment options are becoming available, and there is a need to characterize the epidemiology and disease burden of HCV. Data for prevalence, viremia, genotype, diagnosis and treatment were obtained through literature searches and expert consensus for 16 countries. For some countries, data from centralized registries were used to estimate diagnosis and treatment rates. Data for the number of liver transplants and the proportion attributable to HCV were obtained from centralized databases. Viremic prevalence estimates varied widely between countries, ranging from 0.3% in Austria, England and Germany to 8.5% in Egypt. The largest viremic populations were in Egypt, with 6,358,000 cases in 2008 and Brazil with 2,106,000 cases in 2007. The age distribution of cases differed between countries. In most countries, prevalence rates were higher among males, reflecting higher rates of injection drug use. Diagnosis, treatment and transplant levels also differed considerably between countries. Reliable estimates characterizing HCV-infected populations are critical for addressing HCV-related morbidity and mortality. There is a need to quantify the burden of chronic HCV infection at the national level.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe were reported in this paper.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the impacts of two alternatives for the management of construction and demolition wastes, recycling and disposing, through developing a dynamic model with aid STELLA software.
Abstract: Construction and demolition wastes (CDW) have increasingly serious problems in environmental, social, and economic realms. There is no coherent framework for utilization of these wastes which are disposed both legally and illegally. This harms the environment, contributes to the increase of energy consumption, and depletes finite landfills resources. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of two alternatives for the management of CDW, recycling and disposing. The evaluation is carried out through developing a dynamic model with aid STELLA software by conducting the following steps: (1) quantifying the total cost incurred to mitigate the impacts of CDW landfills and uncollected waste on the environment and human health; (2) quantifying the total avoided emissions and saved energy by recycling waste; (3) estimating total external cost saved by recycling waste and; (4) providing a decision support tool that helps in re-thinking about waste disposal. The proposed evaluation methodology allows activating the stringent regulations that restrict waste disposal and developing incentives to encourage constructors to recycle their wastes. The research findings show that recycling CDW leads to significant reductions in emissions, energy use, global warming potential (GWP), and conserves landfills space when compared to disposal of wastes in landfills. Furthermore, the cost of mitigating the impact of disposal is extremely high. Therefore, it is necessary to recycle construction and demolition wastes.

Journal ArticleDOI
24 Nov 2014-BMJ
TL;DR: Sirolimus was associated with a reduction in the risk of malignancy and non-melanoma skin cancer in transplant recipients and the use of this drug does not seem warranted for most patients with kidney transplant.
Abstract: Objective To examine risk of malignancy and death in patients with Eligibility Randomized controlled trials comparing immunosuppressive regimens with and without sirolimus in recipients of kidney or combined pancreatic and renal transplant for which the author was willing to provide individual patient level data. Two reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts and full text reports of potentially eligible trials to identify studies for inclusion. All eligible trials reported data on malignancy or survival. Results The search yielded 2365 unique citations. Patient level data were available from 5876 patients from 21 randomized trials. Sirolimus was associated with a 40% reduction in the risk of malignancy (adjusted hazard ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.39 to 0.93) and a 56% reduction in the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer (0.44, 0.30 to 0.63) compared with controls. The most pronounced effect was seen in patients who converted to sirolimus from an established immunosuppressive regimen, resulting in a reduction in risk of malignancy (0.34, 0.28 to 0.41), non-melanoma skin cancer (0.32, 0.24 to 0.42), and other cancers (0.52, 0.38 to 0.69). Sirolimus was associated with an increased risk of death (1.43, 1.21 to 1.71) compared with controls. Conclusions Sirolimus was associated with a reduction in the risk of malignancy and non-melanoma skin cancer in transplant recipients. The

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The regenerative endodontic procedure allowed the continued development of roots in teeth with necrotic pulps and the use of artificial hydrogel scaffold and basic fibroblast growth factor was not essential for repair.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This research presents a list of construction delay causes retrieved from literature, which reveal good correlation between groups while there is significant difference between them for some delay causes and a roadmap for prioritizing delay causes groups is presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with a top-quark pair (ttH) is presented, using data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of up to 5.1 fb^(−1) and 19.7 fb+1, collected in pp collisions at center of mass energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV respectively.
Abstract: A search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with a top-quark pair (ttH) is presented, using data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of up to 5.1 fb^(−1) and 19.7 fb^(−1) collected in pp collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV respectively. The search is based on the following signatures of the Higgs boson decay: H → hadrons, H → photons, and H → leptons. The results are characterized by an observed ttH signal strength relative to the standard model cross section, μ=σ/σ SM,under the assumption that the Higgs boson decays as expected in the standard model. The best fit value is μ = 2.8 ± 1.0 for a Higgs boson mass of 125.6 GeV.

Journal ArticleDOI
03 Feb 2014-ACS Nano
TL;DR: A simple process is introduced that overcomes drawbacks and results in vertically directed high aspect ratio poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanofibers possessing a high conductivity of 130 S/cm.
Abstract: Nanostructures of the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) with large surface areas enhance the performance of energy storage devices such as electrochemical supercapacitors. However, until now, high aspect ratio nanofibers of this polymer could only be deposited from the vapor-phase, utilizing extrinsic hard templates such as electrospun nanofibers and anodized aluminum oxide. These routes result in low conductivity and require postsynthetic template removal, conditions that stifle the development of conducting polymer electronics. Here we introduce a simple process that overcomes these drawbacks and results in vertically directed high aspect ratio poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanofibers possessing a high conductivity of 130 S/cm. Nanofibers deposit as a freestanding mechanically robust film that is easily processable into a supercapacitor without using organic binders or conductive additives and is characterized by excellent cycling stability, retaining more than 92% of its initial capacitance after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. Deposition of nanofibers on a hard carbon fiber paper current collector affords a highly efficient and stable electrode for a supercapacitor exhibiting gravimetric capacitance of 175 F/g and 94% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In a large cohort over 6% of families with isolated CAKUT are caused by a mutation in 12 of the 17 known dominantCAKUT-causing genes, which represents one of the most in-depth diagnostic studies of monogenic causes of isolated CAkUT in children.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Under saline conditions, wheat plants colonized by AMF had higher gas exchange capacity (increased net CO2 assimilation rate and stomatal conductance, and decreased intercellular CO2 concentration), compared with non-mycorrhizal ones.

Journal ArticleDOI
05 Feb 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, a search is performed for a massive vector-like quark T, with charge 2/3, that is pair produced together with its antiparticle in proton-proton collisions.
Abstract: A search is performed for a massive new vector-like quark T, with charge (2/3), that is pair produced together with its antiparticle in proton–proton collisions. The data were collected by the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012 at √s = 8 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb^(−1). The T quark is assumed to decay into three different final states, bW, tZ, and tH. The search is carried out using events with at least one isolated lepton. No deviations from standard model expectations are observed, and lower limits are set on the T quark mass at 95% confidence level. The lower limit lies between 687 and 782 GeV for all possible values of the branching fractions into the three different final states assuming strong production. These limits are the most stringent constraints to date on the existence of such a quark.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Until safer and more efficient antituberculosis vaccines become available, delay in BCG vaccination should be considered to protect highly vulnerable populations from preventable complications.
Abstract: Background Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a syndrome characterized by profound T-cell deficiency. BCG vaccine is contraindicated in patients with SCID. Because most countries encourage BCG vaccination at birth, a high percentage of patients with SCID are vaccinated before their immune defect is detected. Objectives We sought to describe the complications and risks associated with BCG vaccination in patients with SCID. Methods An extensive standardized questionnaire evaluating complications, therapeutics, and outcomes regarding BCG vaccination in patients given a diagnosis of SCID was widely distributed. Summary statistics and association analysis was performed. Results Data on 349 BCG-vaccinated patients with SCID from 28 centers in 17 countries were analyzed. Fifty-one percent of the patients had BCG-associated complications, 34% disseminated and 17% localized (a 33,000- and 400-fold increase, respectively, over the general population). Patients receiving early vaccination (≤1 month) showed an increased prevalence of complications ( P = .006) and death caused by BCG-associated complications ( P P = .001) than among those with T-cell numbers of greater than 250/μL. BCG-associated complications were reported in 2 of 78 patients who received antimycobacterial therapy while asymptomatic, and no deaths caused by BCG-associated complications occurred in this group. In contrast, 46 BCG-associated deaths were reported among 160 patients treated with antimycobacterial therapy for a symptomatic BCG infection ( P Conclusions BCG vaccine has a very high rate of complications in patients with SCID, which increase morbidity and mortality rates. Until safer and more efficient antituberculosis vaccines become available, delay in BCG vaccination should be considered to protect highly vulnerable populations from preventable complications.

Journal ArticleDOI
H. Wedemeyer1, Ann-Sofi Duberg2, Maria Buti, William Rosenberg3, S. Frankova, Gamal Esmat4, Necati Örmeci5, H. Van Vlierberghe6, Michael Gschwantler, Ulus Salih Akarca7, Soo Aleman8, Soo Aleman9, İsmail Balik5, Thomas Berg10, Florian Bihl, Marc Bilodeau11, Antonio Javier Blasco, C. E. Brandão Mello12, Philip Bruggmann, Filipe Calinas, Jose Luis Calleja, Hugo Cheinquer13, Peer Brehm Christensen14, Mette Rye Clausen, Henrique Sérgio Moraes Coelho15, Markus Cornberg1, Matthew E. Cramp16, Gregory J. Dore17, Wahid Doss4, Manal H El-Sayed18, Gül Ergör19, Chris Estes, Karolin Falconer9, J. Félix, Maria Lucia Gomes Ferraz20, Paulo R. Ferreira20, Javier García-Samaniego21, Jan Gerstoft22, José Giria, Fernando L. Gonçales23, M Guimarães Pessôa24, Christophe Hézode, S. J. Hindman, Harald Hofer25, Petr Husa26, Ramazan Idilman5, Martin Kåberg9, Kelly Kaita27, Achim Kautz, Sabahattin Kaymakoglu28, Mel Krajden29, Henrik Krarup30, Wim Laleman31, Daniel Lavanchy, Pablo Lázaro, Rui Tato Marinho, Paul Marotta32, S. Mauss33, M. C. Mendes Correa24, Christophe Moreno34, Beat Müllhaupt35, Robert P. Myers36, Vratislav Nemecek, Anne Øvrehus14, J Parkes, Kevork M. Peltekian37, Alnoor Ramji29, Homie Razavi, N. Reis, Stuart K. Roberts38, Françoise Roudot-Thoraval, Stephen D. Ryder39, Rui Sarmento-Castro, Christoph Sarrazin40, David Semela41, Morris Sherman42, Gamal Shiha, Jan Sperl, Peter Stärkel43, Rudolf E. Stauber44, Alexander J. Thompson45, Petr Urbánek46, P. Van Damme47, I. van Thiel, Dominique Vandijck48, Wolfgang Vogel, Imam Waked, Nina Weis49, Johannes Wiegand10, Ayman Yosry4, Amany Zekry17, Francesco Negro50, William Sievert38, E. Gower 
TL;DR: It is possible to achieve elimination of HCV (defined as a >90% decline in total infections by 2030), however, for most countries presented, this will require a 3–5 fold increase in diagnosis and/or treatment.
Abstract: The number of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections is projected to decline while those with advanced liver disease will increase. A modeling approach was used to forecast two treatment scenarios: (i) the impact of increased treatment efficacy while keeping the number of treated patients constant and (ii) increasing efficacy and treatment rate. This analysis suggests that successful diagnosis and treatment of a small proportion of patients can contribute significantly to the reduction of disease burden in the countries studied. The largest reduction in HCV-related morbidity and mortality occurs when increased treatment is combined with higher efficacy therapies, generally in combination with increased diagnosis. With a treatment rate of approximately 10%, this analysis suggests it is possible to achieve elimination of HCV (defined as a >90% decline in total infections by 2030). However, for most countries presented, this will require a 3-5 fold increase in diagnosis and/or treatment. Thus, building the public health and clinical provider capacity for improved diagnosis and treatment will be critical.

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TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented an analysis on the total width of the recently discovered Higgs boson, Gamma[H], using its relative on-shell and off-shell production and decay rates to a pair of Z bosons, where one Z boson decays to an electron or muon pair, and the other to a neutrino pair.

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TL;DR: The present work shows that starch-based composites with 50 wt% fibers content have the optimum mechanical properties and the hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications.

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TL;DR: Corneal CXL with photoactivated riboflavin did not shorten the time to corneal healing; however, the complication rate was 21% in the control group, whereas there was no incidence of corneals perforation or recurrence of the infection in the PACK-CXL group.

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TL;DR: The consensus segmentation based on a combination of manual and automated raters were more consistent than any particular rater, even those with manual input, and the consensus is expected to improve with the addition of new automated contributions.

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TL;DR: The anti-obesity potential of natural products is discussed and multiple-natural product combinations may result in a synergistic activity that increases their bioavailability and action on multiple molecular targets, offering advantages over chemical treatments.