Showing papers by "California State University, Long Beach published in 1981"

Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring

Abstract: Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring is a widely utilized means of assessment of fetal status during labor. Whereas little evidence exists regarding efficacy, this modality continues to be used extensively in every modern labor and delivery unit in developed countries. It is of importance that all providers of health care to the woman in labor and her newborn have a clear understanding of the basic pathophysiology of fetal heart rate monitoring and an appreciation for labor course and concerns as they arise in order to optimize outcomes and patient safety.

Stress reactions involving the pars interarticularis in young athletes

Abstract: A stress reaction involving the pars interarticularis of the lumbar spine was confirmed in seven young athletes with a positive technetium pyrophosphate bone scan. No pars defects were detectable on their lumbosacral roentgenograms, which included oblique views. The return to normal levels of radioactive uptake on repeat bone scans correlated closely with their clinical course. If the bony reaction is recognized early, it may heal at a subroentgenographic level and prevent the development of lumbar spondylolysis. These early lesions usually show unilateral increased uptake at one lumbar level on the bone scan and, initially, the athlete localizes the pain to the corresponding unilateral lumbar paraspinous area. The "one-legged hyperextension test" is positive on the ipsilateral side and aggravates the pain. Treatment consists of avoiding the aggravating activities and resting. The average time for return to pain-free competition was 7.3 months. These developing defects may be the source of considerable prolonged disability in the young athlete, particularly if undiagnosed and untreated.

The fish connection: a trophic link between planktonic and rocky reef communities?

Abstract: The blacksmith (Chromis punctipinnis), an abundant pomacentrid fish off southern California, regularly forages on zooplankton during the day and shelters in rocky reefs at night. This behavioral pattern results in the importation of 8 grams of carbon per square meter per year, deposited as feces in the nocturnal shelter. Since blacksmiths regularly return to the same shelters, this represents a transport of extrinsic organic carbon to the reef which is predictable in time and space.

Enterobacteriaceae species biochemical test card

Abstract: An improved card for use in an automated machine to detect the continued existence of microbes in a plurality of wells containing different media so that the organism can be speciated. The card includes an improved configuration wherein the wells have different reduced oxygen environments and all of the wells have an improved bubble chamber connected to the well by a bifurcated passage.

Cultural determinants of jealousy

Abstract: I disagree with the practice of defining romantic jealousy in terms of other emotions, on the grounds that it is circular and redundant. Moreover, it appears implausible to me that the variety of private motives for protecting a relationship against an interloper can be accounted for by a unitary source of motivation, such as an emotion of romantic jealousy. I propose that the words romantic jealousy, instead of identifying an emotion of jealousy, refer to the situation characterized by the potential, or actual, loss of a loved one, or a mate, to a real or imagined rival. Reactions in such a situation, whatever they may be, are labeled as jealousy. On the basis of the assumption that individuals create culture to satisfy personal goals and are, in turn, affected by their cultural creations, I identify particular cultural factors as increasing the likelihood that an individual will be threatened by a jealousy event. The individual makes use of culturally sanctioned coping strategies for dealing with the threat. These concepts are discussed in the context of appraisal processes.

Compact optical gyro

Abstract: An improved compact optical gyro is provided wherein a beam of light is split and introduced into both ends of an optic coil whose rotation is to be sensed. At least one frequency shifter is placed to affect the frequency of the beam to introduce or adjust a nonreciprocal phase shift. The beams are then mixed back together and the resultant beam is detected and analyzed by suitable circuitry to provide an output indicative of the rotation of the light path.

Optical acoustic sensor

Abstract: A light source is operated near its threshhold and its output is split and sent in opposite direction about a fiber optic coil which is exposed to acoustic energy. The recombined light out of the coil is modulated at acoustic frequency. The modulated light can be fed back to the light source which responds to the modulation with large amplitude variations which are sent to a detector for conversion into an electrical signal representative of the acoustic energy. Alternatively, the light beam may be directed from the fiber coil to the detector directly. The sensors can include components for rejecting noise at frequencies not of interest and a plurality of similar sensors can be formed in an array to obtain directional information or increased sensitivity.

Method of identifying hard targets

Abstract: A system for identifying a hard target from a distance. A delivery vehicle, such as a missile or bomb, is adapted to be dropped from the air. The delivery vehicle contains a plurality of hard target identifier or kinetic penetrator elements. Each of the elements has a nose portion of aerodynamic shape and a plurality of fins connected thereto. When ejected from the delivery vehicle, the elements will reach a substantial velocity, and hence, kinetic energy to penetrate partially into a hard target. A soft surrounding area, such as earth or water will absorb the elements. The elements may be passive for reflecting waves, such as acoustic waves or electromagnetic energy. Alternatively, they may be active elements capable of ejecting a dye, such as a fluorescent dye, or for transmitting acoustical or electromagnetic energy upon being activated.

Septal Q wave in exercise testing: Angiographic correlation

Abstract: A study of septal Q wave response in lead CM 5 was carried out to evaluate its usefulness in predicting coronary artery disease. Q wave amplitude was measured in 50 patients with coronary artery disease and 50 normal subjects before and immediately after exercise. In the 100 patients evaluated with coronary angiography, the septal Q wave in lead CM 5 was smaller in patients with coronary artery disease than in normal subjects at rest (probability [p] p 5 was significantly more frequent in patients with coronary artery disease than in normal subjects both at rest (76 versus 48 percent) and after exercise (82 versus 16 percent). The sensitivity for S-T depression was 52 percent, the specificity 74 percent and the predictive value 70 percent. The respective values for the Q wave were 82,88 and 87 percent. These differences were not significant ( p p p 5 with S-T depression after exercise identified a true positive response in 100 percent of cases. These findings suggest that low Q wave voltage and its failure to increase after exercise imply abnormal septal activation, reflecting loss of contraction associated with ischemia. This finding may be a useful marker for ischemia; the increase in the septal Q wave with exercise may be of value in identifying a false positive S-T segment response.

Pubic symphysitis in runners: A report of two cases

Abstract: neum. Palpation reveals tenderness of the pubis and roentgenographic changes include sclerosis, rarefaction, and resorbtion at the symphysis. This syndrome was originally described by Beer in 1924,’ after suprapubic surgery and, since then, has been reported in association with prostatic and pelvic surgery, pregnancy, urinary tract infections and trauma.8-15 The differential diagnoses of this condition include muscle strain, inguinal hernia, prostatitis, orchitis, urolithiasis, osteomyelitis, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, Reiter’s syndrome, hyperparathyroidism, and primary and metastatic tumors. Recent descriptions of this syndrome in athletes suggest that, in some cases, mechanical strain plays a role in its development. Osteitis pubis has resulted from a variety of sports activities including soccer, rugby, wrestling, ice hockey, karate, cycling, olympic road walking, and cricket. The only distance runner described had sacroiliac pain with the roentgenographic changes of osteitis pubis but no pubic symptoms.3 3

Low voltage electro-optic modulator

Abstract: The low voltage operation of this electro-optic modulator is realized by a unique system configuration in which the input light beam is first separated into two linearly polarized components of equal intensity, the beams are then focused into two crystals where the beams propagate as pure E waves, the crystals are electrically modulated and the output beams from each crystal are then recombined and recollimated. The low voltage operation is rendered possible by the fact that there is no cancellation between the E and O components as in conventional modulation systems of this type since both beams are transmitted as pure E waves during the modulation process.

Fail-safe zero-load hinge/pivot

Abstract: A fail-safe zero-load hinge or pivot-joint having a first load primary support path comprising a sleeve and nut combination and a secondary or redundant load support path comprising a shaft, sized to be inserted axially through the sleeve with diametrical clearance, for threaded engagement with a nut providing axial clearance from said primary members. The secondary shaft and nut combination holds the joint intact after the primary load members have failed permitting the joint assembly to perform its normal designed function of load carrying with the continued full range of movement without the risk of restricted operation seizure or jamming. A locking cap is provided for simple, safe holding of the nuts of primary and secondary member from disengagement, or even partial back off. A dye indicator may be used to indicate failure of the primary load carrying members.

3-D Chopped-fiber composites

Abstract: A low-cost composite structure, having near isotropic mechanical properties, produced by molding a matrix material with a reinforcing fiber element. The reinforcing fiber elements are comprised of three or more fibers to form a three-dimensional figure. In the preferred embodiment at least one fiber is oriented in each of the mutually perpendicular planes similar in appearance to a child's jack. The matrix material may be any material which provides a suitable bond with the reinforcing fiber elements.

Electrodeposition of coatings on metals to enhance adhesive bonding

Abstract: The invention is directed to the electrodeposition of a coating of a phosphorylated amide on a metal such as aluminum, and the formation of a chemical bond between the metal and the coating, such amide being in the form of (a) an organic polymer consisting of a poly (phosphinohydrazide), a poly (phosphinoguanide) or a poly (phosphinoureide), including homopolymers and copolymers thereof, and their thio analogs or (b) a 2:1 molar adduct of a nitrogen-containing compound such as hydrazine, guanidine or urea or its thio analog, and an organic phosphite or phosphonate. In the method of electrolytically depositing such coating on the metal substrate, e.g., aluminum, the substrate is employed as the anode in a non-aqueous or aqueous electrolyte containing a phosphorylated amide of the type noted above, e.g., poly (phosphinohydrazide), and electro-depositing a coating on the metal substrate, the organic coating formed being chemically bonded to the substrate, thereby enhancing adhesive bonding to the metal substrate, such coating being strongly bonded to the substrate and being corrosion resistant.

Locking, redundant slat drive mechanism

Abstract: A slat system in which the slats are supported on tracks and the slats are actuated by a simple bell crank linkage oriented so that its plane of motion is parallel to the wing chord reference plane. The mechanism retracts to a collapsed over-center position and extends to an over-center position so as to lock the slat into the retract or extend positions. Each slat segment is driven by two identical mechanisms tied together by a synchronization link which provides redundancy. Either actuator can drive the surface alone, as the second actuator is driven through the synchronization lever, in case of power loss to the second actuator.

Laser diode with double sided heat sink

Abstract: A laser diode is soldered between metal plates for intimate thermal and electrical contact. The plates are prefabricated and are provided with an insulative spacer therebetween. The two metal plates are held together in a preferred orientation by the spacer which is firmly adhered and sealed to the two plates during the diode soldering operation. The metal plates are constructed from material thin enough that they yield under thermal pressure of the diode to eliminate mechanical strain on the diode during thermal cycling. Backup plates are provided in contact with the diode mounting plates to feed electrical energy thereto.

Simple thermal joint

Abstract: A thermally conductive mechanical joint is provided between two object surfaces across which it is desired to conduct heat. The joint includes metallic material of a predetermined melting point below the normal operating temperature of the joint. The metallic material is bounded by a mask forming cells of sufficiently small dimensions that the melted metallic material can withstand the anticipated loading normal to the joint and at right angles to the heat transfer direction. The metallic cells can be provided on opposite sides of a thin heat conductive layer provided between the surfaces of the joint or they can be provided directly on one of the surfaces of the joint. By proper choice of materials, the metallic material will remain in the cells even though the thermal joint is made and broken on multiple occasions.

Process for producing guided wave lens on optical fibers

Abstract: A lens is produced on the end of a single mode optical fiber by first coupling light into the fiber so that the light projects out the end of the fiber on which the lens is to be produced. The fiber end is then dipped in and out of a drop of negative photoresist and held in a vertical position while the photoresist wicks up the fiber and dries. The dipping and drying is continued until a sufficient lens of photoresist is built up which lens tends to build in the desired shape due to the Gaussian distribution of the light projecting out the end of the fiber and the flow of photoresist up the fiber.

Forming a lightning spark isolation barrier

Abstract: A controlled dielectric barrier is created surrounding a fastener to isolate its sparking areas. The barrier is formed by creating a cap to define a desired cavity between the cap and the fastener and then dielectric isolation material is placed in the cavity and held in place by the cap until hardened. The cap may then be removed from the fastener as desired.

A study to define the research and technology requirements for advanced turbo/propfan transport aircraft

Abstract: The feasibility of the propfan relative to the turbofan is summarized, using the Douglas DC-9 Super 80 (DS-8000) as the actual operational base aircraft. The 155 passenger economy class aircraft (31,775 lb 14,413 kg payload), cruise Mach at 0.80 at 31,000 ft (8,450 m) initial altitude, and an operational capability in 1985 was considered. Three propfan arrangements, wing mounted, conventional horizontal tail aft mounted, and aft fuselage pylon mounted are selected for comparison with the DC-9 Super 80 P&WA JT8D-209 turbofan powered aircraft. The configuration feasibility, aerodynamics, propulsion, structural loads, structural dynamics, sonic fatigue, acoustics, weight maintainability, performance, rough order of magnitude economics, and airline coordination are examined. The effects of alternate cruise Mach number, mission stage lengths, and propfan design characteristics are considered. Recommendations for further study, ground testing, and flight testing are included.

System for hydrodynamic compensation for electrophoresis crescent distortion

Abstract: Crescent distortion of output samples collected during a continuous free flow electrophoresis separation process is reduced by providing means with the electrophoresis chamber whereby lateral flow across the chamber may be controllably varied to introduce beneficial hydrodynamic compensation effects to minimize distortion of the sample streams within the electrophoresis chamber.