Showing papers by "California State University, Long Beach published in 2019"
TL;DR: Both DFT and experiments show that the remarkable OER performance of CTGU-10c2 is due to the presence of unsaturated metal sites, a hierarchical nanobelt architecture, and the Ni-Co coupling effect.
Abstract: The integration of heterometallic units and nanostructures into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) used for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can enhance the electrocatalytic performance and help elucidate underlying mechanisms. We have synthesized a series of stable MOFs (CTGU-10a1-d1) based on trinuclear metal carboxylate clusters and a hexadentate carboxylate ligand with a (6,6)-connected nia net. We also present a strategy to synthesize hierarchical bimetallic MOF nanostructures (CTGU-10a2-d2). Among these, CTGU-10c2 is the best material for the OER, with an overpotential of 240 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 and a Tafel slope of 58 mV dec-1 . This is superior to RuO2 and confirms CTGU-10c2 as one of the few known high-performing pure-phase MOF-OER electrocatalysts. Notably, bimetallic CTGU-10b2 and c2 show an improved OER activity over monometallic CTGU-10a2 and d2. Both DFT and experiments show that the remarkable OER performance of CTGU-10c2 is due to the presence of unsaturated metal sites, a hierarchical nanobelt architecture, and the Ni-Co coupling effect.
390 citations
TL;DR: A new material based on pore-space partition of the cubic primitive minimal-surface net (MOF-14-type) has been realized through an ingenious scheme of tri-component charge matching, in conjunction with size/symmery matching, and is likely the first example of pore space partition by a ligand pair.
Abstract: Embedding cubane [M4 (OH)4 ] (M=Ni, Co) clusters within the matrix of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is a strategy to develop materials with unprecedented synergistic properties. Herein, a new material type based on the pore-space partition of the cubic primitive minimal-surface net (MOF-14-type) has been realized. CTGU-15 made from the [Ni4 (OH)4 ] cluster not only has very high BET surface area (3537 m2 g-1 ), but also exhibits bi-microporous features with well-defined micropores at 0.86 nm and 1.51 nm. Furthermore, CTGU-15 is stable even under high pH (0.1 m KOH), making it well suited for methanol oxidation in basic medium. The optimal hybrid catalyst KB&CTGU-15 (1:2) made from ketjen black (KB) and CTGU-15 exhibits an outstanding performance with a high mass specific peak current of 527 mA mg-1 and excellent peak current density (29.8 mA cm-2 ) at low potential (0.6 V). The isostructural cobalt structure (CTGU-16) has also been synthesized, further expanding the application potential of this material type.
330 citations
TL;DR: Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations agree that ultrahigh C2 H2 /CO2 selectivity is mainly from UBU ultramicropores, while packing pores promote C2H2 uptake capacity.
Abstract: A strategy called ultramicroporous building unit (UBU) is introduced. It allows the creation of hierarchical bi-porous features that work in tandem to enhance gas uptake capacity and separation. Smaller pores from UBUs promote selectivity, while larger inter-UBU packing pores increase uptake capacity. The effectiveness of this UBU strategy is shown with a cobalt MOF (denoted SNNU-45) in which octahedral cages with 4.5 A pore size serve as UBUs. The C2 H2 uptake capacity at 1 atm reaches 193.0 cm3 g-1 (8.6 mmol g-1 ) at 273 K and 134.0 cm3 g-1 (6.0 mmol g-1 ) at 298 K. Such high uptake capacity is accompanied by a high C2 H2 /CO2 selectivity of up to 8.5 at 298 K. Dynamic breakthrough studies at room temperature and 1 atm show a C2 H2 /CO2 breakthrough time up to 79 min g-1 , among top-performing MOFs. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations agree that ultrahigh C2 H2 /CO2 selectivity is mainly from UBU ultramicropores, while packing pores promote C2 H2 uptake capacity.
141 citations
TL;DR: This paper conducted a systematic review of food insecurity in US colleges and universities and found that food insecurity is higher than in US households, making this a new public health priority in the US.
Abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that food insecurity in US colleges and universities is higher than in US households, making this a new public health priority. We conducted a systematic review of fo...
139 citations
TL;DR: Repairs of medial meniscus root tears, as compared with total meniscectomy and nonsurgical treatment, leads to less osteoarthritis and is a cost-saving intervention.
Abstract: Background Medial meniscus root tears are a common knee injury and can lead to accelerated osteoarthritis, which might ultimately result in a total knee replacement. Purpose To compare meniscus repair, meniscectomy, and nonoperative treatment approaches among middle-aged patients in terms of osteoarthritis development, total knee replacement rates (clinical effectiveness), and cost-effectiveness. Study design Meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted. Progression to osteoarthritis was pooled and meta-analyzed. A Markov model projected strategy-specific costs and disutilities in a cohort of 55-year-old patients presenting with a meniscus root tear without osteoarthritis at baseline. Failure rates of repair and meniscectomy procedures and disutilities associated with osteoarthritis, total knee replacement, and revision total knee replacement were accounted for. Utilities, costs, and event rates were based on literature and public databases. Analyses considered a time frame between 5 years and lifetime and explored the effects of parameter uncertainty. Results Over 10 years, meniscus repair, meniscectomy, and nonoperative treatment led to 53.0%, 99.3%, and 95.1% rates of osteoarthritis and 33.5%, 51.5%, and 45.5% rates of total knee replacement, respectively. Meta-analysis confirmed lower osteoarthritis and total knee replacement rates for meniscus repair versus meniscectomy and nonoperative treatment. Discounted 10-year costs were $22,590 for meniscus repair, as opposed to $31,528 and $25,006 for meniscectomy and nonoperative treatment, respectively; projected quality-adjusted life years were 6.892, 6.533, and 6.693, respectively, yielding meniscus repair to be an economically dominant strategy. Repair was either cost-effective or dominant when compared with meniscectomy and nonoperative treatment across a broad range of assumptions starting from 5 years after surgery. Conclusion Repair of medial meniscus root tears, as compared with total meniscectomy and nonsurgical treatment, leads to less osteoarthritis and is a cost-saving intervention. While small confirmatory randomized clinical head-to-head trials are warranted, the presented evidence seems to point relatively clearly toward adopting meniscus repair as the preferred initial intervention for medial meniscus root tears.
137 citations
TL;DR: The longevity effects of exercise and CR may stem from the maintenance of the proteome by balancing the synthesis and recycling of intracellular proteins and thus may represent practical means to promote longevity.
Abstract: Accumulation of dysfunctional and damaged cellular proteins and organelles occurs during aging, resulting in a disruption of cellular homeostasis and progressive degeneration and increases the risk of cell death. Moderating the accrual of these defunct components is likely a key in the promotion of longevity. While exercise is known to promote healthy aging and mitigate age-related pathologies, the molecular underpinnings of this phenomenon remain largely unclear. However, recent evidences suggest that exercise modulates the proteome. Similarly, caloric restriction (CR), a known promoter of lifespan, is understood to augment intracellular protein quality. Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved recycling pathway responsible for the degradation, then turnover of cellular proteins and organelles. This housekeeping system has been reliably linked to the aging process. Moreover, autophagic activity declines during aging. The target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1), a central kinase involved in protein translation, is a negative regulator of autophagy, and inhibition of TORC1 enhances lifespan. Inhibition of TORC1 may reduce the production of cellular proteins which may otherwise contribute to the deleterious accumulation observed in aging. TORC1 may also exert its effects in an autophagy-dependent manner. Exercise and CR result in a concomitant downregulation of TORC1 activity and upregulation of autophagy in a number of tissues. Moreover, exercise-induced TORC1 and autophagy signaling share common pathways with that of CR. Therefore, the longevity effects of exercise and CR may stem from the maintenance of the proteome by balancing the synthesis and recycling of intracellular proteins and thus may represent practical means to promote longevity.
137 citations
TL;DR: Blinded post-PCI physiological assessment detected residual ischemia in nearly 1 in 4 patients after coronary stenting despite an operator-determined angiographically successful result.
Abstract: Objectives This study sought to evaluate the incidence and causes of an abnormal instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) after angiographically successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background Impaired coronary physiology as assessed by fractional flow reserve is present in some patients after PCI and is prognostically relevant. Methods DEFINE PCI (Physiologic Assessment of Coronary Stenosis Following PCI) was a multicenter, prospective, observational study in which a blinded iFR pull back was performed after angiographically successful PCI in 562 vessels in 500 patients. Inclusion criteria were angina with either multivessel or multilesion coronary artery disease with an abnormal baseline iFR. The primary endpoint of the study was the rate of residual ischemia after operator-assessed angiographically successful PCI, defined as an iFR Results An average of 1.1 vessels per patient had abnormal baseline iFRs, with a mean value of 0.69 ± 0.22, which improved to 0.93 ± 0.07 post-PCI. Residual ischemia after angiographically successful PCI was present in 112 patients (24.0%), with a mean iFR in that population of 0.84 ± 0.06 (range 0.60 to 0.89). Among patients with impaired post-PCI iFRs, 81.6% had untreated focal stenoses that were angiographically inapparent, and 18.4% had diffuse disease. Among the focal lesions, 38.4% were located within the stent segment, while 31.5% were proximal and 30.1% were distal to the stent. Post-PCI vessel angiographic diameter stenosis was not a predictor of impaired post-procedural iFR. Conclusions Blinded post-PCI physiological assessment detected residual ischemia in nearly 1 in 4 patients after coronary stenting despite an operator-determined angiographically successful result. Most cases of residual ischemia were due to inapparent focal lesions potentially amenable to treatment with additional PCI. (Physiologic Assessment of Coronary Stenosis Following PCI [DEFINE PCI]; NCT03084367)
124 citations
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital1, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota2, Johns Hopkins University3, Seattle Children's4, University of Southern California5, California State University, Long Beach6, University of Alberta Hospital7, Boston Children's Hospital8, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center9, University of British Columbia10, University of Connecticut11, University of California, San Francisco12, University of Miami13, Children's Oncology Group14
TL;DR: The EFS for patients with ependymoma younger than 3 years of age who received immediate postoperative CRT and for older patients is similar, and Irradiation should remain the mainstay of care for most subtypes.
Abstract: PURPOSEThe Children’s Oncology Group trial ACNS0121 estimated event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival for children with intracranial ependymoma treated with surgery, radiation therapy, and—s...
124 citations
TL;DR: A greater appreciation of the extent of variation in aposematic species, and of the selective pressures and constraints which contribute to this once‐paradoxical phenomenon, yields a new perspective for the field of Aposematic signalling.
Abstract: Aposematic theory has historically predicted that predators should select for warning signals to converge on a single form, as a result of frequency-dependent learning However, widespread variation in warning signals is observed across closely related species, populations and, most problematically for evolutionary biologists, among individuals in the same population Recent research has yielded an increased awareness of this diversity, challenging the paradigm of signal monomorphy in aposematic animals Here we provide a comprehensive synthesis of these disparate lines of investigation, identifying within them three broad classes of explanation for variation in aposematic warning signals: genetic mechanisms, differences among predators and predator behaviour, and alternative selection pressures upon the signal The mechanisms producing warning coloration are also important Detailed studies of the genetic basis of warning signals in some species, most notably Heliconius butterflies, are beginning to shed light on the genetic architecture facilitating or limiting key processes such as the evolution and maintenance of polymorphisms, hybridisation, and speciation Work on predator behaviour is changing our perception of the predator community as a single homogenous selective agent, emphasising the dynamic nature of predator-prey interactions Predator variability in a range of factors (eg perceptual abilities, tolerance to chemical defences, and individual motivation), suggests that the role of predators is more complicated than previously appreciated With complex selection regimes at work, polytypisms and polymorphisms may even occur in Mullerian mimicry systems Meanwhile, phenotypes are often multifunctional, and thus subject to additional biotic and abiotic selection pressures Some of these selective pressures, primarily sexual selection and thermoregulation, have received considerable attention, while others, such as disease risk and parental effects, offer promising avenues to explore As well as reviewing the existing evidence from both empirical studies and theoretical modelling, we highlight hypotheses that could benefit from further investigation in aposematic species Finally by collating known instances of variation in warning signals, we provide a valuable resource for understanding the taxonomic spread of diversity in aposematic signalling and with which to direct future research A greater appreciation of the extent of variation in aposematic species, and of the selective pressures and constraints which contribute to this once-paradoxical phenomenon, yields a new perspective for the field of aposematic signalling
98 citations
TL;DR: It is argued that erasure of disability identity in the context of current sociopolitical efforts to reduce and eliminate public services and supports for people with disabilities is especially threatening to members of the disability community.
Abstract: Purpose To inform the field of rehabilitation psychology about the sociocultural implications of the term "disability," and explain the rationale behind the #SaytheWord movement, a social media call to embrace disability identity. Method Review of the literature on disability terminology, the history of language use, and the relationship between attitudes toward disability and language. We reflect on the role of disability within the field of psychology and within the American Psychological Association (APA), including the underrepresentation of disabled psychologists and trainees with disabilities and the lack of mentorship opportunities available in the field. Implications The authors argue that erasure of the word "disability" can have unintended and adverse consequences. We describe how erasure of disability identity in the context of current sociopolitical efforts to reduce and eliminate public services and supports for people with disabilities is especially threatening to members of the disability community. To move forward, the authors postulate that the disability movement must reconcile its own history of exclusion and adopt a disability justice framework. Conclusion The field of psychology has a rich tradition of appreciation of cultural diversity and individual difference; yet, disability has largely been left out of these efforts. The disability movement is moving toward the status of a diverse cultural group with a social justice agenda parallel to those of other marginalized communities. The authors posit that psychology must play a stronger role in advancing the human rights of people with disabilities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
92 citations
TL;DR: This article comprehensively review recent functional studies on auxin-related genes in both maize and rice, compared with what is known in Arabidopsis, and highlights conservation and diversification of their functions.
TL;DR: A 3D agent-based model is formulated to describe the establishment of simple bacterial colonies expanding by the physical force of their growth, suggesting that radial colony expansion is not limited by nutrients as commonly believed, but by mechanical forces.
Abstract: The physical interactions of growing bacterial cells with each other and with their surroundings significantly affect the structure and dynamics of biofilms. Here a 3D agent-based model is formulated to describe the establishment of simple bacterial colonies expanding by the physical force of their growth. With a single set of parameters, the model captures key dynamical features of colony growth by non-motile, non EPS-producing E. coli cells on hard agar. The model, supported by experiment on colony growth in different types and concentrations of nutrients, suggests that radial colony expansion is not limited by nutrients as commonly believed, but by mechanical forces. Nutrient penetration instead governs vertical colony growth, through thin layers of vertically oriented cells lifting up their ancestors from the bottom. Overall, the model provides a versatile platform to investigate the influences of metabolic and environmental factors on the growth and morphology of bacterial colonies.
University of Stuttgart1, Technische Universität München2, Blekinge Institute of Technology3, Polytechnic University of Turin4, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro5, University of Twente6, University of Tartu7, Federal University of Amazonas8, Karlstad University9, Queen's University10, Aalto University11, University of Helsinki12, University of Calgary13, University of Oulu14, California State University, Long Beach15, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul16, Charles III University of Madrid17, Vienna University of Technology18
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an empirical and externally valid foundation for a theory of requirements engineering practice, which helps software engineers establish effective and efficient requirements engineering processes in a problem-driven manner.
Abstract: Requirements Engineering (RE) has established itself as a software engineering discipline over the past decades. While researchers have been investigating the RE discipline with a plethora of empirical studies, attempts to systematically derive an empirical theory in context of the RE discipline have just recently been started. However, such a theory is needed if we are to define and motivate guidance in performing high quality RE research and practice. We aim at providing an empirical and externally valid foundation for a theory of RE practice, which helps software engineers establish effective and efficient RE processes in a problem-driven manner. We designed a survey instrument and an engineer-focused theory that was first piloted in Germany and, after making substantial modifications, has now been replicated in 10 countries worldwide. We have a theory in the form of a set of propositions inferred from our experiences and available studies, as well as the results from our pilot study in Germany. We evaluate the propositions with bootstrapped confidence intervals and derive potential explanations for the propositions. In this article, we report on the design of the family of surveys, its underlying theory, and the full results obtained from the replication studies conducted in 10 countries with participants from 228 organisations. Our results represent a substantial step forward towards developing an empirical theory of RE practice. The results reveal, for example, that there are no strong differences between organisations in different countries and regions, that interviews, facilitated meetings and prototyping are the most used elicitation techniques, that requirements are often documented textually, that traces between requirements and code or design documents are common, that requirements specifications themselves are rarely changed and that requirements engineering (process) improvement endeavours are mostly internally driven. Our study establishes a theory that can be used as starting point for many further studies for more detailed investigations. Practitioners can use the results as theory-supported guidance on selecting suitable RE methods and techniques.
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of managerial overconfidence on choice of internal financing and investment efficiency (investment scale; overinvestment and underinvestment) was tested using companies listed in China's Shanghai Exchange and Shenzhen Exchange in 2010-2015.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated structural and functional changes in an Australian drug trafficking network across time to determine ways in which such networks form and evolve, and applied a stochastic actor-oriented model to explain the dynamics of the network.
Abstract: The project aims to: (1) investigate structural and functional changes in an Australian drug trafficking network across time to determine ways in which such networks form and evolve. To meet this aim, the project will answer the following research questions: (1) What social structural changes occur in drug trafficking networks across time? (2) How are these structural changes related to roles/tasks performed by network members? (3) What social processes can account for change over time in drug trafficking networks? The relational data on the network was divided into four two years periods. Actors were allocated to specific roles. We applied a stochastic actor-oriented model to explain the dynamics of the network across time. Using RSiena, we estimated a number of models with the key objectives of investigating: (1) the effect of roles only; (2) the endogenous effect of degree-based popularity (Matthew effect); (3) the endogenous effect of balancing connectivity with exposure (preference for indirect rather than direct connections); (4) how degree-based popularity is moderated by tendencies towards reach and exposure. Preferential attachment is completely moderated by a preference for having indirect ties, meaning that centralization is a result of actors preferring indirect connections to many others and not because of a preference for connecting to popular actors. Locally, actors seek cohesive relationships through triadic closure. Actors do not seek to create an efficient network that is highly centralized at the expense of security. Rather, actors strive to optimize security through triadic closure, building trust, and protecting themselves and actors in close proximity through the use of brokers that offer access to the rest of the network.
TL;DR: The abundance of MP 3-500 μm was assessed in the Los Angeles River, the San Gabriel River, and the Long Beach Harbor, three areas with highly urbanized surroundings and the protocol used to detect smaller sized MP is low cost, time efficient, and reproducible.
TL;DR: An integrated COF-MOF coassembly strategy is developed as a new method for pore-space partitioning through the coassembly of [(M3 (OH)1-x (O)x (COO)6 ] MOF-type and [B3 O3 (py)3 ] COf-type trimers].
Abstract: The introduction of a symmetry- and size-matching pore-partitioning agent in the form of either a molecular ligand, such as 2,4,6-tri(4-pyridinyl)-1,3,5-triazine (tpt), or a metal-complex cluster, into the hexagonal channels of MIL-88/MOF-235-type (the acs net) to create pacs-type (partitioned acs) crystalline porous materials is an effective strategy to develop high-performance gas adsorbents. We have developed an integrated COF-MOF coassembly strategy as a new method for pore-space partitioning through the coassembly of [(M3 (OH)1-x (O)x (COO)6 ] MOF-type and [B3 O3 (py)3 ] COF-type trimers. With this strategy, the coordination-driven assembly of the acs framework occurred concurrently and synergistically with the COF-1-type condensation of pyridine-4-boronic acid into a C3 -symmetric trimeric boroxine molecule. The resulting boroxine-based pacs materials exhibited dramatically enhanced gas-sorption properties as compared to nonpartitioned acs-type materials and are among the most efficient NH3 -sorption materials.
TL;DR: Find an optimal level of social media use that is beneficial to a variety of health behaviors would be most beneficial to adolescents who are in the middle of the health behavior spectrum.
Abstract: Background: Adolescents’ use of social media, which has increased considerably in the past decade, has both positive and negative influences on adolescents’ health and health behaviors. As social media is the most prominent communication tool of choice for adolescents, it is important to understand the relationship between the frequency of social media use and health behaviors among this population. Objective: The objective of our study was to examine the associations between the frequency of social media use and physical activity and sleep adequacy among middle and high school students. Methods: We used data from the Monitoring the Future survey (2014 and 2015), a nationally representative, annual, cross-sectional survey of American 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students (N=43,994). Health behaviors examined were frequency of vigorous physical activity and frequency of getting 7 hours of sleep (never/seldom, sometimes, and every day/nearly every day). We measured frequency of social media use using a Likert-like scale (never, a few times a year, 1-2 times a month, once a week, or every day). Multivariable generalized ordered logistic regressions examined the association of social media use with different levels of physical activity and sleep. We estimated marginal effects (MEs) for the main independent variable (social media use frequency) by holding all other variables at their observed values. Results: The study population comprised 51.13% (21,276/42,067) female students, 37.48% (17,160/43,994) from the South, and 80.07% (34,953/43,994) from a metropolitan area, with 76.90% (33,831/43,994) reporting using social media every day. Among physically active students, frequent social media use was associated with a higher likelihood of vigorous daily exercise (ME 50.1%, 95% CI 49.2%-51.0%). Among sedentary students, frequent social media use was associated with a lower likelihood of vigorous daily exercise (ME 15.8%, 95% CI 15.1%-16.4%). Moderately active students who used social media once or twice a month had the highest likelihood of reporting vigorous daily exercise (ME 42.0%, 95% CI 37.6%-46.3%). Among those who normally got adequate sleep, daily social media users were least likely to report adequate sleep (ME 41.3%, 95% CI 40.4%-42.1%). Among those who were usually sleep deprived, daily social media users were more likely to report adequate sleep (ME 18.3%, 95% CI 17.6%-19.0%). Conclusions: Regular social media use every day was associated with a reinforcement of health behaviors at both extremes of health behaviors, whereas a medium intensity of social media use was associated with the highest levels of physical activity and lowest sleep adequacy among those with moderate health behaviors. Hence, finding an optimal level of social media use that is beneficial to a variety of health behaviors would be most beneficial to adolescents who are in the middle of the health behavior spectrum.
TL;DR: The current status of viral hepatitis elimination programmes across multiple countries, challenges in achieving elimination and the core indicators for monitoring progress are discussed, approaches that have failed and successful elimination plans.
Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) affect more than 320 million people worldwide, which is more than HIV, tuberculosis (TB) and malaria combined. Elimination of HBV and HCV will, therefore, produce substantial public health and economic benefits and, most importantly, the prevention of 1.2 million deaths per year. In 2016, member states of the World Health Assembly unanimously adopted a resolution declaring that viral hepatitis should be eliminated by 2030. Currently, few countries have elimination programmes in place and even though the tools to achieve elimination are available, the right resources, commitments and allocations are lacking. During the fifth International Viral Hepatitis Elimination Meeting (IVHEM), 7-8 December 2018, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, an expert panel of clinicians, virologists and public health specialists discussed the current status of viral hepatitis elimination programmes across multiple countries, challenges in achieving elimination and the core indicators for monitoring progress, approaches that have failed and successful elimination plans.
TL;DR: The consequences of data breaches for a breached company are examined to address the question why companies are not spending more to reduce breaches, and provide a few explanations of why there appears to be an effect at the economy-wide level, but no noticeable effect on individual company performance.
Abstract: In this paper, we examine the consequences of data breaches for a breached company. We find the economic consequences are, on average, very small for breached companies. On average, breach...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a set of recommendations on how to select tracer materials that would help characterize accurately the RTD of a continuous flow system and demonstrate that tracer selection can have substantial impact on RTD results.
TL;DR: Results suggest that assessment of cognitive workload can be done using various cardiac activity indicators, and given the number of valid and reliable measures available, researchers and practitioners should base their selection of a psychophysiological measure on the experimental and practical concerns inherent to their task/protocol.
Abstract: Objective:We aimed to provide an assessment of the impact of workload manipulations on various cardiac measurements. We further sought to determine the most effective measurement approaches of cogn...
TL;DR: A new magnesium metal-organic framework (MOF) (CPM-107) with a special interaction with CO2 which shows efficient C2 H2 /CO2 separation.
Abstract: We report a new magnesium metal-organic framework (MOF) (CPM-107) with a special interaction with CO2 . CPM-107 contains Mg2 -acetate chains crosslinked into a 3D net by terephthalate. It has an anionic framework encapsulating ordered extra-framework cations and solvent molecules. The desolvated form is closed and unresponsive to common gasses, such as N2 , H2 , and CH4 . Yet, with CO2 at 195 K, it abruptly opens and turns into a rigid porous form that is irreversible via desorption. Once opened by CO2 , CPM-107 remains in the stable porous state accessible to additional gas types over multiple cycles or CO2 itself at different temperatures. The porous phase can be re-locked to return to the initial closed phase via re-solvation and desolvation. Such peculiar properties of CPM-107 are apparently linked to a convergence of factors related to both framework and extra-framework features. The unusual CO2 effect is currently the only available path to porous CPM-107 which shows efficient C2 H2 /CO2 separation.
TL;DR: A modified cumulative risk assessment tool may help identify male runners at elevated risk for BSI and identify risk factors that may guide treatment and prevention strategies.
Abstract: Objectives Bone stress injuries (BSI) are common in runners of both sexes. The purpose of this study was to determine if a modified Female Athlete Triad Cumulative Risk Assessment tool would predict BSI in male distance runners. Methods 156 male runners at two collegiate programmes were studied using mixed retrospective and prospective design for a total of 7 years. Point values were assigned using risk assessment categories including low energy availability, low body mass index (BMI), low bone mineral density (BMD) and prior BSI. The outcome was subsequent development of BSI. Statistical models used a mixed effects Poisson regression model with p Results 42/156 runners (27%) sustained 61 BSIs over an average 1.9 years of follow-up. In the baseline risk factor model, each 1 point increase in prior BSI score was associated with a 57% increased risk for prospective BSI (p=0.0042) and each 1 point increase in cumulative risk score was associated with a 37% increase in prospective BSI risk (p=0.0079). In the longitudinal model, each 1 point increase in cumulative risk score was associated with a 27% increase in prospective BSI risk (p=0.05). BMI (rate ratio (RR)=1.91, p=0.11) and BMD (RR=1.58, p=0.19) risk scores were not associated with BSI. Conclusion A modified cumulative risk assessment tool may help identify male runners at elevated risk for BSI. Identifying risk factors may guide treatment and prevention strategies.
University of Southern California1, Université de Montréal2, University Health Network3, Albany Medical College4, Indiana University Health5, Wake Forest University6, University of Vermont7, California State University, Long Beach8, University of British Columbia9, Mayo Clinic10, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center11, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai12
TL;DR: Early safety and feasibility data from a multicentre prospective study (WATER II) of aquablation in the treatment of symptomatic men with large‐volume benign prostatic hyperplasia are presented.
Abstract: Objectives To present early safety and feasibility data from a multicentre prospective study (WATER II) of aquablation in the treatment of symptomatic men with large-volume benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods Between September and December 2017, 101 men with moderate-to-severe BPH symptoms and prostate volume of 80-150 mL underwent aquablation in a prospective multicentre international clinical trial. Baseline demographics and standardized postoperative management variables were carefully recorded in a central independently monitored database. Surgeons answered analogue scale questionnaires on intra-operative technical factors and postoperative management. Adverse events up to 1 month were adjudicated by an independent clinical events committee. Results The mean (range) prostate volume was 107 (80-150) mL. The mean (range) operating time was 37 (15-97) min and aquablation resection time was 8 (3-15) min. Adequate adenoma resection was achieved with a single pass in 34 patients and with additional passes in 67 patients (mean 1.8 treatment passes), all in a single operating session. Haemostasis was achieved using either a Foley balloon catheter placed in the bladder under traction (n = 98, mean duration 18 h) or direct tamponade using a balloon inflated in the prostate fossa (n = 3, mean duration 15 h). No patient required electrocautery for haemostasis at the time of the primary procedure. The mean length of stay after the procedure was 1.6 days (range same day to 6 days). The Clavien-Dindo grade ≥2 event rate observed at 1 month was 29.7%. Bleeding complications were recorded in 10 patients (9.9%) during the index procedure hospitalization prior to discharge, and included six (5.9%) peri-operative transfusions. Conclusions Aquablation is feasible and safe in treating men with men with large prostates (80-150 mL). The 6-month efficacy data are being accrued and will be presented in future publications (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03123250).
TL;DR: H hierarchical hidden Markov models are proposed as a versatile statistical framework that naturally accounts for differing temporal resolutions across multiple variables, and can be used to infer behavioural modes at multiple time scales, and in particular help to draw a much more comprehensive picture of an animal's movement patterns.
Abstract: 1.Hidden Markov models are prevalent in animal movement modelling, where they are widely used to infer behavioural modes and their drivers from various types of telemetry data. To allow for meaningful inference, observations need to be equally spaced in time, or otherwise regularly sampled, where the corresponding temporal resolution strongly affects what kind of behaviours can be inferred from the data.
2.Recent advances in biologging technology have led to a variety of novel telemetry sensors which often collect data from the same individual simultaneously at different time scales, e.g. step lengths obtained from GPS tags every hour, dive depths obtained from time‐depth recorders once per dive, or accelerations obtained from accelerometers several times per second. However, to date, statistical machinery to address the corresponding complex multi‐stream and multi‐scale data is lacking.
3.We propose hierarchical hidden Markov models as a versatile statistical framework that naturally accounts for differing temporal resolutions across multiple variables. In these models, the observations are regarded as stemming from multiple, connected behavioural processes, each of which operates at the time scale at which the corresponding variables were observed.
4.By jointly modelling multiple data streams, collected at different temporal resolutions, corresponding models can be used to infer behavioural modes at multiple time scales, and in particular help to draw a much more comprehensive picture of an animal's movement patterns, e.g. with regard to long‐term vs. short‐term movement strategies.
5.The suggested approach is illustrated in two real‐data applications, where we jointly model i) coarse‐scale horizontal and fine‐scale vertical Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) movements throughout the English Channel, and ii) coarse‐scale horizontal movements and corresponding fine‐scale accelerations of a horn shark (Heterodontus francisci) tagged off the Californian coast.
TL;DR: This integrative review examined the evidence regarding nurse-to-nurse incivility, bullying, and workplace violence for 4 nurse populations—student, new graduate, experienced, and academic faculty.
Abstract: Bullying, lateral violence, and incivility are real phenomena in the nursing workplace and remain widespread across all care settings. The American Nurses Association recommends zero tolerance for any form of violence from any source and adopting evidence-based strategies to mitigate incivility and bullying. This integrative review examined the evidence regarding nurse-to-nurse incivility, bullying, and workplace violence for 4 nurse populations-student, new graduate, experienced, and academic faculty. Ganong and Cooper's review methodology structured the evidence synthesis. Twenty-one articles pertained to the clinical inquiry. The evidence consistently described the incidents, instigators, and targets of incivility/bullying, which contributes to 84 negative academic, organizational, work unit, and personal outcomes. A safe and just organizational culture demands a comprehensive systems-level approach to create civil environments. The evidence-based structures, processes, and recommendations serve as a Global Positioning System for practice and academic leaders to use in creating a healthy work environment where nurses are encouraged and empowered. The critical choices by nurse leaders will determine not only the future of 21st century professional nursing practice but how the public views the nursing profession for many years to come.
TL;DR: The authors' innovative, multidisciplinary, telemedicine HC delivered through VC led to more favorable changes in weight loss, PA (steps/day), and HOMA-IR than IP or no HC, and may be an economical approach to improve health and promote behavior change in obese adults.
Abstract: Background: To assess the efficacy of health coaching (HC) delivered through videoconferencing (VC) to favorably change physical activity (PA), weight, and metabolic markers in adults with...
TL;DR: The properties of each hybrid and the rational design of HLNCs for biomedical applications as reported by recent investigations are reviewed and future directions in advancing and expanding the scope of HL NCs are proposed.
Abstract: Biomolecule–nanoparticle hybrids have proven to be one of most promising frontiers in biomedical research. In recent years, there has been an increased focus on the development of hybrid lipid–nanoparticle complexes (HLNCs) which inherit unique properties of both the inorganic nanoparticles and the lipid assemblies (i.e. liposomes, lipoproteins, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanoemulsions) that comprise them. In combination of their component parts, HLNCs also gain new functionalities which are utilized for numerous biomedical applications (i.e. stimuli-triggered drug release, photothermal therapy, and bioimaging). The localization of nanoparticles within the lipid assemblies largely dictates the attributes and functionalities of the hybrid complexes and are classified as such: (i) liposomes with surface-bound nanoparticles, (ii) liposomes with bilayer-embedded nanoparticles, (iii) liposomes with core-encapsulated nanoparticles, (iv) lipid assemblies with hydrophobic core-encapsulated nanoparticles, and (v) lipid bilayer-coated nanoparticles. Herein, we review the properties of each hybrid and the rational design of HLNCs for biomedical applications as reported by recent investigations. Future directions in advancing and expanding the scope of HLNCs are also proposed.