California State University, Long Beach

About: California State University, Long Beach is a education organization based out in Long Beach, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 10036 authors who have published 13933 publications receiving 377394 citations. The organization is also known as: Cal State Long Beach & Long Beach State.

Quark deconfinement as a supernova explosion engine for massive blue supergiant stars

Abstract: Blue supergiant stars develop into core-collapse supernovae—one of the most energetic outbursts in the Universe—when all nuclear burning fuel is exhausted in the stellar core. Previous attempts have failed to explain observed explosions of such stars, which have a zero-age main-sequence mass of 50 M⊙ or more. Here, we exploit the largely uncertain state of matter at high density, and connect the modelling of such stellar explosions with a first-order phase transition from nuclear matter to the quark–gluon plasma. The resulting energetic supernova explosions can account for a large variety of light curves, from peculiar type II supernovae to superluminous events. The remnants are neutron stars with a quark matter core, known as hybrid stars, of about 2 M⊙ at birth. A Galactic event of this kind could be observable owing to the release of a second neutrino burst. Its observation would confirm such a first-order phase transition at densities relevant for astrophysics. Blue supergiant stars (BSGs) can undergo core collapse, resulting in a type II supernova explosion. Here, Tobias Fischer et al. identify a novel phase transition from nuclear matter to a quark–gluon plasma for particularly massive BSGs (>50 M☉) that explains their explosion.

Income Distribution in the United States

Abstract: Political action has affected postwar income distribution in the United States mainly through policy-induced variations in macroeconomic activity and government transfer benefits in proportion to total income. We present a small dynamic model of the connections among the partisan balance of power, macroeconomic fluctuations, transfer spending trends, and income distribution outcomes. The model is based on the premise that the parties have different distributional goals, and it is designed to identify how shifts in party control of the presidency and the strength of the parties in Congress have affected the distribution of after-tax, after-transfer income by influencing cyclical economic performance and the flow of resources to transfer programs. We therefore extend the “partisan theory” of macroeconomic policy to the domain of income distribution outcomes.

Aurally aided visual search in the central visual field: effects of visual load and visual enhancement of the target

Abstract: Visual search performance was examined in a two-alternative, forced-choice paradigm. The task involved locating and identifying which of two visual targets was present on a trial. The location of the targets varied relative to the subject's initial fixation point from 0 to 14.8 deg. The visual targets were either presented concurrently with a sound located at the same position as the visual target or were presented in silence. Both the number of distractor visual figures (0-63) present in the field during the search (Experiments 1 and 2) and the distinctness of the visual target relative to the distractors (Experiment 2) were considered. Under all conditions, visual search latencies were reduced when spatially correlated sounds were present. Aurally guided search was particularly enhanced when the visual target was located in the peripheral regions of the central visual field and when a larger number of distractor images (63) were present. Similar results were obtained under conditions in which the target was visually enhanced. These results indicate that spatially correlated sounds may have considerable utility in high-information environments (e.g., piloting an aircraft). Language: en