California State University, Long Beach

About: California State University, Long Beach is a education organization based out in Long Beach, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 10036 authors who have published 13933 publications receiving 377394 citations. The organization is also known as: Cal State Long Beach & Long Beach State.

Plant-Dominant Low-Protein Diet for Conservative Management of Chronic Kidney Disease.

Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects >10% of the adult population. Each year, approximately 120,000 Americans develop end-stage kidney disease and initiate dialysis, which is costly and associated with functional impairments, worse health-related quality of life, and high early-mortality rates, exceeding 20% in the first year. Recent declarations by the World Kidney Day and the U.S. Government Executive Order seek to implement strategies that reduce the burden of kidney failure by slowing CKD progression and controlling uremia without dialysis. Pragmatic dietary interventions may have a role in improving CKD outcomes and preventing or delaying dialysis initiation. Evidence suggests that a patient-centered plant-dominant low-protein diet (PLADO) of 0.6–0.8 g/kg/day composed of >50% plant-based sources, administered by dietitians trained in non-dialysis CKD care, is promising and consistent with the precision nutrition. The scientific premise of the PLADO stems from the observations that high protein diets with high meat intake not only result in higher cardiovascular disease risk but also higher CKD incidence and faster CKD progression due to increased intraglomerular pressure and glomerular hyperfiltration. Meat intake increases production of nitrogenous end-products, worsens uremia, and may increase the risk of constipation with resulting hyperkalemia from the typical low fiber intake. A plant-dominant, fiber-rich, low-protein diet may lead to favorable alterations in the gut microbiome, which can modulate uremic toxin generation and slow CKD progression, along with reducing cardiovascular risk. PLADO is a heart-healthy, safe, flexible, and feasible diet that could be the centerpiece of a conservative and preservative CKD-management strategy that challenges the prevailing dialysis-centered paradigm.

Multiple categorization in resume screening: Examining effects on hiring discrimination against Arab applicants in field and lab settings

Abstract: Summary Debate exists as to what the more appropriate prediction is regarding the effects of multiple stigmatized group memberships on employment discrimination. The ethnic prominence (EP), multiple minority status (MMS), and subordinate male target hypotheses were assessed for the combined effects of ethnic group membership (Arabic), sex, social status, and job type on hiring evaluations. Two correspondence tests in the field (Study 1) and two experimental studies in the lab (Study 2) and in the field (Study 3) were conducted. Studies 1 and 2 showed evidence for the EP hypothesis when low-status jobs were tested. The odds for rejection were four times higher for Arab than for Dutch applicants. Applicants' sex, socio-economic status, and external client contact did not moderate findings (Study 1). The effect of applicants' ethnic group membership was further moderated by raters' motivation to control prejudice (Study 2). Study 3 showed evidence for the MMS hypothesis. We found double jeopardy against Arab women who applied for high-status jobs when recruiters' prejudice was controlled. Study findings show that discrimination in resume screening may depend upon the particular intersection of applicant, job, and recruiter characteristics. We discussed implications for anonymous resume screening and research on evaluation of applicants possessing multiple stigmatizing characteristics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Apparatus and method for making and breaking joints in drill pipe strings

Abstract: A power apparatus and method for making and breaking joints in drill pipe strings in oil wells, in which a single torquing cylinder (24), that always moves in a single direction while torquing, both makes and breaks the joints. Three levels (21, 22, 23) of jaw elements (52, 52a) are employed, the top and bottom jaw levels (21, 23) being identical to each other, all jaw elements being interconnected as by a frame (10). Other cylinders (52, 52a) close the jaws (36, 37) at each level. The apparatus is moved vertically; two levels of jaw elements are employed for making and another combination of two levels is employed for breaking. Special die and cam means (66) are provided to grip the drill pipe. Means (94, 101) are provided to position the jaws in the middle level at the proper location after each use, for different sizes of pipe. Special bearing, pivot and adjustment means (66, 73) are provided in the jaw elements. The jaw elements operate in only one direction, and are self energizing.

A weight-adjusted voting algorithm for ensembles of classifiers

Abstract: We present a new weighted voting classification ensemble method, called WAVE, that uses two weight vectors: a weight vector of classifiers and a weight vector of instances. The instance weight vector assigns higher weights to observations that are hard to classify. The weight vector of classifiers puts larger weights on classifiers that perform better on hard-to-classify instances. One weight vector is designed to be calculated in conjunction with the other through an iterative procedure. That is, the instances of higher weights play a more important role in determining the weights of classifiers, and vice versa. We proved that the iterated weight vectors converge to the optimal weights which can be directly calculated from the performance matrix of classifiers in an ensemble. The final prediction of the ensemble is obtained by voting using the optimal weight vector of classifiers. To compare the performance between a simple majority voting and the proposed weighted voting, we applied both of the voting methods to bootstrap aggregation and investigated the performance on 28 datasets. The result shows that the proposed weighted voting performs significantly better than the simple majority voting in general.

Social Support in Inclusive Schools: Student and Teacher Perspectives

Abstract: This article investigates student and teacher perceptions regarding social support at school. Thirty students with learning disabilities (LD) in inclusive third- to fifth-grade classrooms were interviewed about their social networks, perceived loneliness, social support, and intervention preferences for social problems encountered at school. Sixty general and special educators working with students with LD also were interviewed about their roles, strategies used, and preferred interventions in providing social support to students. Findings suggest that while students with LD feel part of a social network, many report school-related loneliness. General and special educators use similar strategies to support students. Results suggest a discrepancy between students' and teachers' choices of preferred social support strategies. Implications for enhancing social support are discussed.