California State University, Long Beach

About: California State University, Long Beach is a education organization based out in Long Beach, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 10036 authors who have published 13933 publications receiving 377394 citations. The organization is also known as: Cal State Long Beach & Long Beach State.

Does Measured Behavior Reflect STD Risk?: An Analysis of Data From a Randomized Controlled Behavioral Intervention Study

Abstract: Many studies measure sex behavior to determine the efficacy of sexually transmitted disease (STD)/HIV prevention interventions. This studys aim was to determine how well measured behavior reflects STD incidence. Data from a trial (Project RESPECT) were analyzed to compare behavior and incidence of STD (gonorrhea chlamydia syphilis HIV) during two 6-month intervals. A total of 2879 persons had 5062 6-monthly STD exams and interviews; 8.9% had a new STD in 6 months. Incidence was associated with demographic factors but only slightly associated with number of partners and number of unprotected sex acts with occasional partners. Many behaviors had paradoxical associations with STD incidence. After combining behavior variables to compare persons with highest and lowest risk behaviors the STD incidence ratio was only 1.7. Behavioral interventions have prevented STD. The authors found people tend to have safe sex with risky partners and risky sex with safe partners. Therefore it is difficult to extrapolate the disease prevention efficacy of an intervention from a measured effect on behavior alone. (authors)

Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) for Assessment of Cerebral Infarction Initial Clinical Experience in 50 Patients

Abstract: Background and Purpose Our aim was to evaluate fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence in the diagnosis of cerebral infarction with MRI. Methods A retrospective review was undertaken of 50 consecutive MRI studies ordered for suspected cerebrovascular accident. All studies included FLAIR and rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) T2-weighted spin-echo sequences. The two sequences were compared independently by four observers at two different institutions. Detectability of lesions and image quality were scored. Results Overall, FLAIR sequences proved superior in 10 patients, detecting acute cortical infarcts missed with RARE spin-echo technique in five patients. In five additional patients, improved characterization of chronic infarction and improved detection of microangiopathic deep hemispheric changes were observed. One brain stem infarct was missed with the FLAIR sequence. Conclusions FLAIR offers advantages in detection of acute infarcts affecting the cortical ribbon, is a us...

Zeolite RHO-type net with the lightest elements.

Abstract: Reported here are two highly porous examples of MOCOFs, a new family of framework materials seamlessly integrating the coordinate bonds of metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent bonds of covalent organic framework materials (COFs). These two materials represent the lightest zeolite RHOs. Their synthesis is an extraordinary example in which the structure-directing effect of the substituent groups on the cross-linking imidazolyl ring strikes a perfect balance with their pore narrowing effect, leading to the creation of a very open zeolite RHO topology with highly accessible internal pores, characterized by a large surface area of 1818 m2/g and a high CO2 storage capability as high as 35.6 cm3/g at 760 Torr and 273 K.

Good, Bad or 'Necessary Evil'? Reinterpreting the Colonial Burning Experiments in the Savanna Landscapes of West Africa

Abstract: A simple ecological model underlies contemporary fire policy in many West African countries. The model holds that the timing (or seasonality) of annual savanna fires is a principal determinant of vegetation cover. The model’s origin can be traced to the ideas held by influential colonial scientists who viewed anthropogenic fire as a prime force of regional environmental degradation. The main evidence in support of the model derives from the results of a series of long-term burning experiments carried out during last century. The experimental results have been repeatedly mapped onto fire policy often taking the form of a three-tiered model in which fire exclusion is considered the ultimate management objective, late dry-season fire is discouraged and early dry-season fire is allowed but only under specific, often state-controlled circumstances. This paper provides a critique of contemporary fire policy in the region and the fire ecology model on which it is based. Through an analysis of burn scars for the 2002–3 fire season generated from ETM+ imagery, the study documents the spatiotemporal pattern of burning for an area in southern Mali. It argues that current policy, which is informed by an a-spatial model, cannot adequately account for the critical pattern of burning that is characteristic of the region. A reinterpretation of the burning experiments is presented in light of four factors: empirical data; recent developments in patch-mosaic theory; historical evidence on the effects of fire suppression; and data on indigenous burning strategies, all of which suggest a need to reconsider current fire policy.