California State University, Long Beach

About: California State University, Long Beach is a education organization based out in Long Beach, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 10036 authors who have published 13933 publications receiving 377394 citations. The organization is also known as: Cal State Long Beach & Long Beach State.

New directions in plastic debris.

Abstract: The largest ever meeting focusing on plastic debris in the environment was recently held in Redondo Beach, California ([1][1]). It is evident that plastic waste presents major concerns in aquatic habitats worldwide. However, this meeting differed from previous efforts/gatherings because representatives from industry, government, academia, and nongovernment organizations were united in their desire to identify solutions to reducing waste. There has been a switch in the types of litter recorded, from shipping- and fishing-related debris to landbased sources. This was poignantly underscored by reports of islands of plastic debris swept into the sea by Hurricane Katrina. Polymer scientist A. Andrady explained that all the plastic introduced into the oceans remains unmineralized as either entire objects or fragments, some of which are less than 20 μm in diameter ([2][2]). Large items of debris cause entanglement, impaired feeding, and mortality to birds, turtles, and mammals. Microscopic fragments are also ingested, but the consequences are unknown. H. Takada and C. Moore presented evidence on the ability of plastic to accumulate PCBs, DDE, and nonylphenol ([3][3]), and the potential for toxic chemicals to transfer to the food chain was identified as a key research direction. It was also recognized that better understanding of effects at an organismal level is required before consequences at population and ecosystem levels can be examined. In terms of solutions, much could be achieved by reductions in packaging. Keynote speaker W. McDonough made the case for a “cradle to cradle” ([4][4]) strategy to ensure that plastics are retained in a product- specific recycling loop-turning debris from a waste disposal liability into feedstock for production. Although debris can be removed from drains and rivers by physical separators, there is also a key role for education to help reduce littering. The importance of social research to establish the public's willingness to engage with these solutions was also clearly recognized. ![Figure][5] Toy cars amid debris in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina.CREDIT: DAVID QUINN/AP PHOTO 1. 1.[↵][6]Plastic Debris Rivers to Seas, organized by the California Coastal Commission, 7 to 9 Sept 2005. 2. 2.[↵][7]1. R. C. Thompson 2. et al. , Science 304, 838 (2004). [OpenUrl][8][FREE Full Text][9] 3. 3.[↵][10]1. Y. Mato 2. et al. , Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 318 (2001). [OpenUrl][11][CrossRef][12][PubMed][13][Web of Science][14] 4. 4.[↵][15]1. W. McDonough, 2. M. Braungart , Cradle to Cradle (North Point Press, New York, 2002). [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-2 [3]: #ref-3 [4]: #ref-4 [5]: pending:yes [6]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1. in text" [7]: #xref-ref-2-1 "View reference 2. in text" [8]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DScience%26rft.stitle%253DScience%26rft.aulast%253DThompson%26rft.auinit1%253DR.%2BC.%26rft.volume%253D304%26rft.issue%253D5672%26rft.spage%253D838%26rft.epage%253D838%26rft.atitle%253DLost%2Bat%2BSea%253A%2BWhere%2BIs%2BAll%2Bthe%2BPlastic%253F%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1126%252Fscience.1094559%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15131299%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [9]: /lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiRlVMTCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6Mzoic2NpIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjEyOiIzMDQvNTY3Mi84MzgiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoyNToiL3NjaS8zMTAvNTc1MS8xMTE3LjIuYXRvbSI7fXM6ODoiZnJhZ21lbnQiO3M6MDoiIjt9 [10]: #xref-ref-3-1 "View reference 3. in text" [11]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DEnvironmental%2BScience%2B%2526%2BTechnology%252C%2BES%2B%2526%2BT%26rft.stitle%253DEnvironmental%2BScience%2B%2526%2BTechnology%252C%2BES%2B%2526%2BT%26rft.aulast%253DMato%26rft.auinit1%253DY.%26rft.volume%253D35%26rft.issue%253D2%26rft.spage%253D318%26rft.epage%253D324%26rft.atitle%253DPlastic%2Bresin%2Bpellets%2Bas%2Ba%2Btransport%2Bmedium%2Bfor%2Btoxic%2Bchemicals%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bmarine%2Benvironment.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1021%252Fes0010498%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11347604%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [12]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1021/es0010498&link_type=DOI [13]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=11347604&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fsci%2F310%2F5751%2F1117.2.atom [14]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000166390700011&link_type=ISI [15]: #xref-ref-4-1 "View reference 4. in text"

A comparison of patterns of methamphetamine and cocaine use

Abstract: Typical use patterns of methamphetamine (MA) users were examined using self-report measures from 120 MA and 63 cocaine users. Twenty (14 MA and 6 cocaine) of the participants also took part in structured interviews designed to provide more specific descriptions of their drug use. The typical MA user uses more than 20 days a month. Use is evenly spaced throughout the day, and although the amount of drug used per day is not different, MA users use fewer times per day than do cocaine users. Fewer of the cocaine users are continuous users, and they use in the evening rather than the daytime. The cocaine pattern of fewer days of use, evening use, and more frequent doses per day fits a picture of recreational use, whereas the all-day-most-days methamphetamine pattern does not.

Osteochondritis in the female gymnast's elbow.

Abstract: Ten cases of osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum are reviewed in seven high-performance female gymnasts, ranging in age from 10 to 17 years old. All but one were evaluated and treated with arthroscopy and/or arthrotomy, with curettage of loose articular margins, drilling of the lesion, and removal of loose bodies. The average length of follow-up is 2.9 years, and includes interview, physical examination, and roentgenographic evaluation. This injury has been previously described in relation to compressive forces across the radiocapitellar joint from repetitive valgus loading in a developing epiphysis. Only one of the athletes, at the time of follow-up, was still in competitive gymnastics. Each has a minimal limitation in range of motion, with crepitus and often catching noted by history and on examination. These cases double the limited literature on this injury in young, female gymnasts. They stimulate concern for the proper and early evaluation and treatment of elbow injuries in this at risk group. Once the bony changes in the capitellum are detected, and pain remains despite conservative management, we have found that symptoms can be improved with surgery, but persist in female gymnasts. Our experience in this more-advanced group is that the return to high-level competitive gymnastics is unlikely.

Ultramicroporous Building Units as a Path to Bi-microporous Metal-Organic Frameworks with High Acetylene Storage and Separation Performance.

Abstract: A strategy called ultramicroporous building unit (UBU) is introduced. It allows the creation of hierarchical bi-porous features that work in tandem to enhance gas uptake capacity and separation. Smaller pores from UBUs promote selectivity, while larger inter-UBU packing pores increase uptake capacity. The effectiveness of this UBU strategy is shown with a cobalt MOF (denoted SNNU-45) in which octahedral cages with 4.5 A pore size serve as UBUs. The C2 H2 uptake capacity at 1 atm reaches 193.0 cm3 g-1 (8.6 mmol g-1 ) at 273 K and 134.0 cm3 g-1 (6.0 mmol g-1 ) at 298 K. Such high uptake capacity is accompanied by a high C2 H2 /CO2 selectivity of up to 8.5 at 298 K. Dynamic breakthrough studies at room temperature and 1 atm show a C2 H2 /CO2 breakthrough time up to 79 min g-1 , among top-performing MOFs. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations agree that ultrahigh C2 H2 /CO2 selectivity is mainly from UBU ultramicropores, while packing pores promote C2 H2 uptake capacity.