Cancer Epidemiology Unit

About: Cancer Epidemiology Unit is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 669 authors who have published 1725 publications receiving 93979 citations.

A short-term increase in cancer risk associated with daytime napping is likely to reflect pre-clinical disease: prospective cohort study

Abstract: Concern about possible increased risks for cancer associated with night work, circadian rhythm disruption, and impaired nocturnal melatonin production (Cohen et al, 1978; Stevens, 1987; Erren, 2002; Stevens, 2002; Straif et al, 2007; Wang et al, 2011) has prompted interest in cancer risk in relation to sleep behaviours and disturbance. Several studies have examined associations between sleep duration and breast cancer risk (Verkasalo et al, 2005; McElroy et al, 2006; Pinheiro et al, 2006; Kakizaki et al, 2008; Wu et al, 2008), but have not demonstrated a consistent association. Daytime fatigue and daytime napping are associated with sleep disturbance (Ursin et al, 2005), and cancer risk might therefore be related to daytime napping. Although there is a substantial literature on sleep problems and fatigue in cancer patients (Davidson et al, 2002; Stasi et al, 2003; Lee et al, 2004), including before treatment (Ancoli-Israel et al, 2006), little has been published on whether daytime napping is a marker of pre-clinical disease. The association between daytime napping and cancer mortality has been examined in two cohorts (Suzuki, 2007; Stone et al, 2009; Tanabe et al, 2010); one found increased liver cancer mortality among women who nap during the day (Suzuki, 2007). This is the first prospective study to investigate the association between daytime napping and cancer incidence.

Eating at restaurants, at work or at home. Is there a difference? A study among adults of 11 European countries in the context of the HECTOR* project

Abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To compare macronutrient intakes out of home-by location-to those at home and to investigate differences in total daily intakes between individuals consuming more than half o ...

Prenatal Exposure to Multiple Air Pollutants, Mediating Molecular Mechanisms, and Shifts in Birthweight.

Abstract: Mechanisms underlying adverse birth and later in life health effects from exposure to air pollution during the prenatal period have not been not fully elucidated, especially in the context of mixtures. We assessed the effects of prenatal exposure to mixtures of air pollutants of particulate matter (PM), PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen oxides, NO2, NOx, ultrafine particles (UFP), and oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 on infant birthweight in four European birth cohorts and the mechanistic underpinnings through cross-omics of metabolites and inflammatory proteins. The association between mixtures of air pollutants and birthweight z-scores (standardized for gestational age) was assessed for three different mixture models, using Bayesian machine kernel regression (BKMR). We determined the direct effect for PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and mediation by cross-omic signatures (identified using sparse partial least-squares regression) using causal mediation BKMR models. There was a negative association with birthweight z-scores and exposure to mixtures of air pollutants, where up to -0.21 or approximately a 96 g decrease in birthweight, comparing the 75th percentile to the median level of exposure to the air pollutant mixture could occur. Shifts in birthweight z-scores from prenatal exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 were mediated by molecular mechanisms, represented by cross-omics scores. Interleukin-17 and epidermal growth factor were identified as important inflammatory responses underlyingair pollution-associated shifts in birthweight. Our results signify that by identifying mechanisms through which mixtures of air pollutants operate, the causality of air pollution-associated shifts in birthweight is better supported, substantiating the need for reducing exposure in vulnerable populations.

Insulin-like growth factor I and risk of epithelial invasive ovarian cancer by tumour characteristics: results from the EPIC cohort

Abstract: Background: Prospective studies on insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) risk are inconclusive. Data suggest risk associations vary by tumour characteristics. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) to evaluate IGF-I concentrations and EOC risk by tumour characteristics (n = 565 cases). Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate associations. Results: We observed no association between IGF-I and EOC overall or by tumour characteristics. Conclusions: In the largest prospective study to date was no association between IGF-I and EOC risk. Pre-diagnostic serum IGF-I concentrations may not influence EOC risk.