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Cancer Epidemiology Unit

About: Cancer Epidemiology Unit is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 669 authors who have published 1725 publications receiving 93979 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Exposure to residential surrounding greenness was associated with better scores on tests of attention at 4–5 y and 7 y of age in the authors' longitudinal cohort, consistent with better attention.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Natural environments, including green spaces, may have beneficial impacts on brain development However, longitudinal evidence of an association between long-term exposure to green spaces and cognitive development (including attention) in children is limited OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the association between lifelong residential exposure to green space and attention during preschool and early primary school years METHODS: This longitudinal study was based on data from two well-established population-based birth cohorts in Spain We assessed lifelong exposure to residential surrounding greenness and tree cover as the average of satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index and vegetation continuous fields, respectively, surrounding the child's residential addresses at birth, 4-5 y, and 7 y Attention was characterized using two computer-based tests: Conners' Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT) at 4-5 y (n=888) and Attentional Network Task (ANT) at 7 y (n=987) We used adjusted mixed effects models with cohort random effects to estimate associations between exposure to greenness and attention at ages 4-5 and 7 y RESULTS: Higher lifelong residential surrounding greenness was associated with fewer K-CPT omission errors and lower K-CPT hit reaction time-standard error (HRT-SE) at 4-5 y and lower ANT HRT-SE at 7 y, consistent with better attention This exposure was not associated with K-CPT commission errors or with ANT omission or commission errors Associations with residential surrounding tree cover also were close to the null, or were negative (for ANT HRT-SE) but not statistically significant CONCLUSION: Exposure to residential surrounding greenness was associated with better scores on tests of attention at 4-5 y and 7 y of age in our longitudinal cohort https://doiorg/101289/EHP694

95 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that risk scores of anxious and depressive states above specific HADS cut-offs are useful in identifying anxious and depression states in cancer patients, and they may thus be applicable in clinical practice.
Abstract: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a self-report questionnaire designed to screen anxious and depressive states in patients in non-psychiatric settings. In spite of its large use, no agreement exists in literature on HADS accuracy in case finding. The present research addresses the issue of HADS accuracy in cancer patients, comparing its two subscales (HADS-A and HADS-D) against tools not in use in psychiatry, which are able to detect prolonged negative emotional states. 2121 consecutive adult cancer inpatients were administered the HADS together with the State Anxiety subscale of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Scale on Depression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were computed to identify a cut-off for anxious and depressive states in cancer patients. All indicators were computed together with their corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Data of 1628 and 1035 participants were used to assess the accuracy in case finding of HADS-A and HADS-D, respectively. According to the ROC analysis, the optimal cut-off was > 9 units for the HADS-A and > 7 units for the HADS-D. The area under the ROC curve was 0.90 for HADS-A (95% CI 0.88–0.91) and 0.84 for HADS-D (95% CI 0.81–0.86). This study suggested that risk scores of anxious and depressive states above specific HADS cut-offs are useful in identifying anxious and depressive states in cancer patients, and they may thus be applicable in clinical practice.

95 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is proposed that future aetiological studies on testicular cancer should take postnatal exposures acting during puberty into account and, whenever possible, investigate both main effects and interactions among prenatal factors, genetic factors and postnatal factors.
Abstract: Germ-cell testicular cancer has a well-characterized descriptive epidemiology, whereas the aetiology remains largely unknown. It is believed that exposures acting prenatally are instrumental to germ-cell cancer development, although no specific exposure has been identified. Several epidemiological studies have investigated a number of indicators of prenatal exposures, such as birth order, gestational duration, birth weight, maternal age and nausea during pregnancy, but results are inconsistent. This paper briefly reviews the current support for genetic and environmental factors in testicular cancer aetiology. In particular, we have summarized the evidence suggesting a strong role of inherited susceptibility, which is probably carried by the effect of several unknown moderate-risk genes. We have illustrated inconsistencies in the previous studies on prenatal factors by estimating the heterogeneity and pooled odds ratios among twelve studies investigating the association between low birth weight and testicular cancer. We have discussed the possibility that puberty is another time window during which environmental factors may increase the risk of testicular cancer. Finally, we have reviewed the results from studies on cryptorchidism and impaired fertility in relation to risk for testicular cancer. In conclusion, we propose that future aetiological studies on testicular cancer should take postnatal exposures acting during puberty into account and, whenever possible, investigate both main effects and interactions among prenatal factors, genetic factors and postnatal factors.

95 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There is no evidence in these uranium miners that a radon-rich atmosphere increases the risk of any cancer other than lung cancer, and possible exceptions are cancer of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts and multiple myeloma.

94 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2015-Diabetes
TL;DR: The study does not support a causal effect of circulating uric acid on diabetes risk, and uric acid–lowering therapies may therefore not be beneficial in reducing diabetes risk.
Abstract: We aimed to investigate the causal effect of circulating uric acid concentrations on type 2 diabetes risk. A Mendelian randomization study was performed using a genetic score with 24 uric acid associated loci. We used data of the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study, comprising 24,265 individuals of European ancestry from eight European countries. During a mean (SD) follow-up of 10 (4) years, 10,576 verified incident type 2 diabetes cases were ascertained. Higher uric acid associated with higher diabetes risk following adjustment for confounders, with a HR of 1.20 (95%CI: 1.11,1.30) per 59.48 µmol/L (1 mg/dL) uric acid. The genetic score raised uric acid by 17 µmol/L (95%CI: 15,18) per SD increase, and explained 4% of uric acid variation. Using the genetic score to estimate the unconfounded effect found that a 59.48 µmol/L higher uric acid concentration did not have a causal effect on diabetes (HR 1.01, 95%CI: 0.87,1.16). Including data from DIAGRAM consortium, increasing our dataset to 41,508 diabetes cases, the summary OR estimate was 0.99 (95%CI: 0.92, 1.06). In conclusion, our study does not support a causal effect of circulating uric acid on diabetes risk. Uric acid lowering therapies may therefore not be beneficial in reducing diabetes risk.

94 citations


Authors

Showing all 669 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Richard Peto183683231434
Kay-Tee Khaw1741389138782
Silvia Franceschi1551340112504
Timothy J. Key14680890810
Hans-Olov Adami14590883473
Alicja Wolk13577866239
Paolo Vineis134108886608
Lars Klareskog13169763281
Eva Negri129101066735
John A. Baron12860961182
Jack Cuzick12875479979
Anders Ekbom11661351430
C. La Vecchia11581753460
Valerie Beral11447153729
Carlo La Vecchia112126556282
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2021174
2020131
2019130
201890
201784
201678