Cancer Institute

About: Cancer Institute is a healthcare organization based out in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Cancer & Breast cancer. The organization has 801 authors who have published 795 publications receiving 14437 citations. The organization is also known as: Adyar Cancer Institute.

Immature dendritic cells phagocytose apoptotic cells via alphavbeta5 and CD36, and cross-present antigens to cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Abstract: Dendritic cells, but not macrophages, efficiently phagocytose apoptotic cells and cross-present viral, tumor, and self-antigens to CD8(+) T cells This in vitro pathway corresponds to the in vivo phenomena of cross-priming and cross-tolerance Here, we demonstrate that phagocytosis of apoptotic cells is restricted to the immature stage of dendritic cell (DC) development, and that this process is accompanied by the expression of a unique profile of receptors, in particular the alphavbeta5 integrin and CD36 Upon maturation, these receptors and, in turn, the phagocytic capacity of DCs, are downmodulated Macrophages engulf apoptotic cells more efficiently than DCs, and although they express many receptors that mediate this uptake, they lack the alphavbeta5 integrin Furthermore, in contrast to DCs, macrophages fail to cross-present antigenic material contained within the engulfed apoptotic cells Thus, DCs use unique pathways for the phagocytosis, processing, and presentation of antigen derived from apoptotic cells on class I major histocompatibility complex We suggest that the alphavbeta5 integrin plays a critical role in the trafficking of exogenous antigen by immature DCs in this cross-priming pathway

Cancer survival in Africa, Asia, and Central America: a population-based study

Abstract: Summary Background Population-based cancer survival data, a key indicator for monitoring progress against cancer, are not widely available from countries in Africa, Asia, and Central America. The aim of this study is to describe and discuss cancer survival in these regions. Methods Survival analysis was done for 341 658 patients diagnosed with various cancers from 1990 to 2001 and followed up to 2003, from 25 population-based cancer registries in 12 countries in sub-Saharan Africa (The Gambia, Uganda), Central America (Costa Rica), and Asia (China, India, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, Turkey). 5-year age-standardised relative survival (ASRS) and observed survival by clinical extent of disease were determined. Findings For cancers in which prognosis depends on stage at diagnosis, survival was highest in China, South Korea, Singapore, and Turkey and lowest in Uganda and The Gambia. 5-year ASRS ranged from 76–82% for breast cancer, 63–79% for cervical cancer, 71–78% for bladder cancer, and 44–60% for large-bowel cancers in China, Singapore, South Korea, and Turkey. Survival did not exceed 22% for any cancer site in The Gambia; in Uganda, survival did not exceed 13% for any cancer site except breast (46%). Variations in survival correlated with early detection initiatives and level of development of health services. Interpretation The wide variation in cancer survival between regions emphasises the need for urgent investments in improving awareness, population-based cancer registration, early detection programmes, health-services infrastructure, and human resources. Funding Association for International Cancer Research (AICR; St Andrews, UK), Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC, Villejuif, France), and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Seattle, USA).

Frequent somatic mutation of the MTS1/CDK4I (multiple tumor suppressor/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor) gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Abstract: We previously reported frequent loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 9p in esophageal carcinomas and suggested that a tumor suppressor gene located on this chromosomal arm might be involved in development of these cancers. Since recently published studies have shown that a gene mapped on chromosome 9p21, MTS1/CDK4I (multiple tumor suppressor 1/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor), is frequently mutated in various types of tumors, we chose to examine esophageal squamous cell carcinomas for mutations in this candidate gene. DNA sequence analyses revealed somatic mutations of MTS1/CDK4I in 14 of 27 tumors examined; 8 were frame-shift mutations and 6 were missense mutations. These results suggested that the MTS1/CDK4I gene is a tumor suppressor the inactivation of which plays an important role during carcinogenesis of the squamous cell type of esophageal carcinoma.