Showing papers by "Cardiff University published in 1971"
197 citations
TL;DR: The damaging effect of human bile on the gastric mucosal barrier has been studied in 3 dogs with Heidenhain pouches and H+ back diffusion from, and Na+ gain by, the pouch were significantly increased after contact with higher bile concentrations.
132 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors extended the work of Ashwell and Sabir, assessing the power of curved finite elements by applying them to circular arches, and presented an element I based on the cylindrical shell element of Bogner et al.
129 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the isoelectric points and pK values for the surfaces of activated sludge particles with differing sludge volume indices were made at low ionic strength (I = 0·004).
124 citations
TL;DR: The incidence of postoperative intraoral bleeding was lower, the requirements for postoperative therapeutic materials less in the group treated with EACA, and the total conservation of therapeutic materials at Oxford in comparison to the amount utilized before EACA was used is estimated.
Abstract: Summary. The results are reported of a pilot study and two separate double blind controlled trials of the effectiveness of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) in dental extractions in patients with haemophilia and Christmas disease. In the major trial 31 patients were studied; 23 at Oxford and eight at Cardiff. All patients received either EACA (6 g four times daily for 10 days at Oxford or for 7 days at Cardiff) or a placebo, in conjunction with a single preoperative dose of therapeutic materials expected to raise the plasma factor-VIII or factor-IX level to 50%. Post-operative therapeutic materials were withheld unless intraoral bleeding occurred. Despite the fact that plasma factor-VIII or factor-IX levels were, on average, lower, the number of teeth extracted larger, the amount of therapeutic concentrates less and the postinfusion plasma factor-VIII or factor-IX levels lower in the EACA group at Oxford, the incidence of postoperative intraoral bleeding was lower and the requirements for postoperative therapeutic materials less in the group treated with EACA. Side-effects were not a major problem. The number of patients studied at Cardiff was too few for statistical analysis but the results were similar to those at Oxford. The total conservation of therapeutic materials at Oxford in comparison to the amount utilized before EACA was used is estimated on the basis of these results to be approximately 12 000 factor-VIII or factor-IX units/patient, or approximately 190 units/kg/patient, equivalent, for each patient, to the amount derived from approximately 120 blood donations.
These results show that EACA in conjunction with preoperative therapeutic concentrates sufficient to raise the plasma factor-VIII or factor-IX level to 50% can be useful for all patients with haemophilia and Christmas disease undergoing tooth extraction. In some patients EACA therapy is contraindicated and for these patients adequate cover with therapeutic materials must be provided during the postoperative period.
122 citations
117 citations
TL;DR: Several segmental arch problems were solved by finite elements using three shape functions, namely, I, cubic expression for radial, linear for circumferential displacements; II, a form of Cantin and Clough's shape function for cylindrical shells; III, a shallow element form of II as mentioned in this paper.
98 citations
TL;DR: An extraction‐replication technique was used to examine tissue from patients with ovarian and cervical tumours and talc particles were found deeply embedded within the tumour tissue.
86 citations
TL;DR: An index of reticuloendothelial cell release of iron for erythropoiesis can be derived from simultaneous measurements of iron—dextran and transferrin‐bound iron utilization.
Abstract: Summary An index of reticuloendothelial cell release of iron for erythropoiesis can be derived from simultaneous measurements of iron—dextran and transferrin-bound iron utilization. Reticuloendothelial iron release was found to be reduced in patients with Hodgkins disease, chronic renal failure and some cases of rheumatoid arthritis. It was increased in patients with iron deficiency.
79 citations
TL;DR: Studies of split-brain cats and monkeys demonstrate that each cerebral hemisphere possesses its own perceiving, learning and remembering system, and that each functions independently of the other.
Abstract: STUDIES of split-brain cats and monkeys demonstrate that each cerebral hemisphere possesses its own perceiving, learning and remembering system, and that each functions independently of the other. Section of the mid-brain commissures also creates two independently functioning systems in the human brain1. The split-brain monkey can process and respond to more information involving bimanual motor sequencing than can control animals with their commissures intact2, and commissurotomy patients perform double voluntary reaction time tasks as fast as they carry out a single reaction3. In man, two verbal messages projected to separate hemispheres are dealt with more efficiently than two messages directed simultaneously to the same hemisphere4, and reaction times are shorter when the information is projected separately to each cerebral hemisphere5.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the linear fractional groups LF(2,p) for primes p are Γ-groups, and posed the problem of deciding which of the alternating groups enjoy this property.
Abstract: Let Γ denote the modular group, that is, the free product of a group of order 2 and a group of order 3. Morris Newman investigates in [2] the factor-groups of Γ and calls them Γ-groups for short; thus a group is a Γ-group if and only if it has a generating set consisting of an element of order dividing 2 and an element of order dividing 3. Newman's interest centres on finite simple Γ-groups. He proves that the linear fractional groups LF(2,p) for primes p are Γ -groups, and poses the problem of deciding which of the alternating groups enjoy this property.
TL;DR: In this article, the free vibrations of a ring are considered and four shape functions are used: and ring equivalents to Cantin and Clough's and Bogner, Fox and Schmit's shape functions for cylindrical shells, a reduced form of and a shape function based on simple strain functions.
TL;DR: Using continuous culture techniques the transition from anaerobiosis to aerobiosis has been investigated in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella aerogenes and the use of redox potential and oxygen partial pressure measurements have been compared.
TL;DR: The phase angles and amplitudes of sine curves fitted to the annual cycle of stream temperatures are used as quantitative indices of the thermal characteristics of catchments and their associated stream waters as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical study of the wave-guiding properties of GaAs-Al x Ga 1−x As heterostructure injection lasers has been made and the electromagnetic field distributions and far-field radiation patterns of these devices have been calculated by solving Maxwell's equations for a three-layer waveguide with complex dielectric constants in each region.
Abstract: A theoretical study has been made of the wave-guiding properties of GaAs-Al x Ga 1−x As heterostructure injection lasers. The electromagnetic field distributions and far-field radiation patterns of these devices have been calculated by solving Maxwell's equations for a three-layer wave-guide with complex dielectric constants in each region. The theory also yields threshold currents and external quantum efficiencies as functions of the principal laser parameters—temperature, doping, alloy composition x in the Al x Ga 1−x As regions, active region thickness, and cavity length. This permits detailed comparison of the theoretical results with experiment, and hence further estimates of optimal laser structures. In particular the variation of laser threshold with active region thickness (and the existence of an optimum thickness) in single heterostructures is sucessfully accounted for by the theory. For double heterostructures with the same alloy composition in each passive region, there exists no optimum active region thickness, and hence the lowest thresholds can be obtained by making these structures as thin as possible.
TL;DR: The doses used did not decrease endocytosis of albumin into liver or cause increased lysosome breakage during incubation, thus allowing some alternative explanations of the decreased proteolysis to be eliminated, and the observed production of iodotyrosine results from protein hydrolysis within intact heterolysosomes.
Abstract: 1. A fraction enriched in lysosomes was prepared by centrifugation from the livers of rats that had been injected 0.5h before death with 125I-labelled albumin. When suspended in sucrose-protected buffer, pH7.4, and incubated at 22°C for 2h, the particles progressively released iodotyrosine into the medium. Albumin digestion did not occur if the particles were subjected to treatments known to break lysosomes or if particles from uninjected rats were incubated in medium containing 125I-labelled albumin. It is concluded that the observed production of iodotyrosine results from protein hydrolysis within intact heterolysosomes. 2. Particles from rats pre-treated with Trypan Blue, suramin or aurothiomalate released iodotyrosine more slowly than controls. Since these compounds are enzyme inhibitors that concentrate in liver lysosomes after administration in vivo, their effect is ascribed to intralysosomal inhibition of proteolysis. The doses used did not decrease endocytosis of albumin into liver or cause increased lysosome breakage during incubation, thus allowing some alternative explanations of the decreased proteolysis to be eliminated. Particulate carbon, a non-inhibitor that also concentrates in lysosomes, did not affect albumin hydrolysis.
TL;DR: In this paper, thin-layer chromatography was used to identify species and types of M. avium, M. intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum.
TL;DR: Delays in emptying were found in atrophic gastritis and marked gastric stasis in carcinoma of the stomach in patients with gastric cancer and patients without gastro-duodenal disease.
Abstract: Gastric emptying was estimated in 16 patients with atrophic gastritis, 10 patients with gastric cancer, and 11 patients without gastro-duodenal disease by measuring the disappearance from the stomach of a standard meal containing radioactive chromium. Delay in emptying was found in atrophic gastritis and marked gastric stasis in carcinoma of the stomach. The role of delay in the emptying of the stomach in the aetiology of gastric cancer is discussed.
TL;DR: In a group of 79 infants delivered before the end of the 36th week of pregnancy, and who either were stillborn or died within 12 hours, the weights of the adrenal glands in relation to fetal weight and gestational age were determined.
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: This chapter describes physical and chemical methods for disintegrating microbes for preparing biologically active fractions andEstimation of cell disintegration by measuring the release of typical cell components can be made quantitatively more precise than direct counting.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter describes physical and chemical methods for disintegrating microbes for preparing biologically active fractions. Direct measurement of cell disintegration can be sometimes dispensed with and the criteria of yield of the desired enzyme activity be relied on, especially when one of the chemical methods of extraction is used. In any comparative work and where control or location is studied by means of a physical method of disruption or with spheroplasts, some method of assessing disintegration is essential. Estimation of cell disintegration by measuring the release of typical cell components can be made quantitatively more precise than direct counting. There is some difficulty in interpretation and in obtaining a normal zero time and 100% standards. For instance, the measurement of the release of soluble protein is often used. This depends partly on the degree of disruption, but also on the method used to separate soluble protein from insoluble debris.
TL;DR: In this article, visual observation of flow in a fully developed turbulent boundary layer along a two-dimensional channel has revealed the presence of systematic vortices both in the longitudinal and the transverse directions.
Abstract: Visual observation of flow in a fully developed turbulent boundary layer along a two-dimensional channel has revealed the presence of systematic vortices both in the longitudinal and the transverse directions. In some cases a pair of longitudinal vortices has been observed connected together by a transverse one in a horseshoe configuration. As the vortices are convected downstream they grow and decay, finally dispersing as new structures are formed. An attempt has been made to characterize these vortex structures in terms of the wall layer parameters.
TL;DR: The soluble fraction of homogenised intestinal epithelial cells obtained from rats killed during the process of radioiron absorption shows the presence of four distinct iron binding proteins, including ferritin, which appears to be closely related to the absorption process.
TL;DR: The body form of Aphrodite is attributed to its exploitation of the nereid creeping mechanism, it employs a fast stepping pattern, individual limb movements being extension and retraction of the neuropodium with coordinated chaetal movement.
Abstract: The body form of Aphrodite is attributed to its exploitation of the nereid creeping mechanism. It employs a fast stepping pattern, individual limb movements being extension and retraction of the neuropodium with coordinated chaetal movement. The downward and backward propulsive stroke raises the worm clear of a hard substratum. The notopodium is stabilized and its long chaetae raised and lowered in defence.
The segments are short but wide. The body wall muscles, relieved of locomotory function, are a basketwork of longitudinal and diagonal muscles capable of maintaining constant body dimensions. Muscles of the appendages originate from stabilized points on the body wall. Trunk septa are reduced, in association with the constant body shape, but the first few septa form a membrane enclosing the proboscis. Complete and muscular septa occur in the rectal segments.
During respiratory movements the elytra are depressed by intrinsic and extrinsic elytrophore muscles and elevated by coelomic pressure. Coelomic pressure drops immediately before elytral depression and is controlled by the body wall muscles, especially the diagonal muscles.
Aphrodite differs from its near relative Hermione in the reduction of septa and simplification of body musculature.
TL;DR: Comparisons of concentrations in 1958 and 1968 in 480 subjects showed correlation coefficients of between 0.46 and 0.71 in various subgroups, and several subjects with a consistently low serum vitamin B12 concentration for 10 yr maintained an apparently satisfactory circulating haemoglobin concentration.
Abstract: Summary. Community samples of 673 subjects who had had serum vitamin B12 concentrations measured in 1958 were followed-up 10 yr later. 134 of these subjects had died; the death rates showed no consistent trend in relation to the original serum vitamin B12 concentrations. Comparisons of concentrations in 1958 and 1968 in 480 subjects showed correlation coefficients (r) of between 0.46 and 0.71 in various subgroups. The oldest age group had a slightly lower mean concentration, and a larger proportion of this group had values below 100 pg/ml. Several subjects with a consistently low serum vitamin B12 concentration for 10 yr maintained an apparently satisfactory circulating haemoglobin concentration.
TL;DR: Of the 100 mothers of children with spina bifida, nineteen gave a history of pregnancy diagnosis by this means; only four of the 100 matched control mothers gave such a history.
Abstract: IN 1967 Gal, Kirman and Stern1 reported a possible relationship between pregnancy tests using pills containing synthetic oestrogenic and progesterogenic hormones and the birth of a child with spina bifida. Of the 100 mothers of children with spina bifida, nineteen gave a history of pregnancy diagnosis by this means; only four of the 100 matched control mothers gave such a history.