Showing papers by "Cardiff University published in 2022"
Dalhousie University1, University of Amsterdam2, Koç University3, Max Planck Society4, University of Basel5, Maastricht University6, Cardiff University7, University College Cork8, King's College London9, RMIT University10, Leiden University Medical Center11, University of Freiburg12, Istituto Superiore di Sanità13
TL;DR: This article provided a critical overview on how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted mental health and how human stress resilience has been shaped by the pandemic on the shorter and longer term.
123 citations
TL;DR: The Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) as mentioned in this paper is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study recruiting adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital with COVID19 across the UK.
118 citations
Newcastle University1, University of California, Irvine2, University of Bristol3, Environment Agency4, Scottish Environment Protection Agency5, Bangor University6, Queen's University Belfast7, Imperial College London8, University of Western Australia9, University College London10, University of Oxford11, University of Sheffield12, University of Exeter13, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science14, Cardiff University15, University of Bath16
TL;DR: In this article, a discussion of measurement uncertainty associated with surveillance of wastewater, focusing on lessons-learned from the UK programmes monitoring COVID-19 is presented, showing that sources of uncertainty impacting measurement quality and interpretation of data for public health decision-making, are varied and complex.
86 citations
TL;DR: An eco-friendly, new, and controllable approach for the preparation of manganese oxide (α-MnO2) nanorods has been introduced using hydrothermal reaction for supercapacitor application as mentioned in this paper.
80 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a stepwise treatment approach is recommended, starting with brief psychosocial interventions, then a specific psychological therapy, and then an antidepressant medication, which is highly heterogeneous and evidence favours indicated prevention and targeted prevention to universal prevention.
41 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed an optimisation-based system planning framework embedding V2G into integrated energy systems (IES) to evaluate the feasibility of coupling V2Gs with IES as a flexible storage, and evaluated both economic and environmental benefits via multi-objective optimisations.
39 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a flexible solid-state supercapacitor device (FSS-SC) was constructed with PVA-LiClO4 gel mediator and achieved remarkable 2-V voltage window to gain 34.5 Wh/kg energy density and 0.7 W/kg power density.
37 citations
TL;DR: Based on the spatial patterns of green spaces, land rent, and the population of 20 cities in China, this article assessed the inequalities of per capita green space area and ecosystem services by using the Gini coefficient.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a convolutional neural network based deep learning architecture is proposed to automatically extract the discrete damage features from the scalogram images and use them to classify damage-source regions in the composite panel.
Abstract: Structural health monitoring for lightweight complex composite structures is being investigated in this paper with a data-driven deep learning approach to facilitate automated learning of the map of transformed signal features to damage classes. Towards this, a series of acoustic emission (AE) based laboratory experiments have been carried out on a composite sample using a piezoelectric AE sensor network. The registered time-domain AE signals from the assigned sensor networks on the composite panel are processed with the continuous wavelet transform to extract time-frequency scalograms. A convolutional neural network based deep learning architecture is proposed to automatically extract the discrete damage features from the scalogram images and use them to classify damage-source regions in the composite panel. The proposed deep-learning approach has shown an effective damage monitoring potential with high training, validation and test accuracy for unseen datasets as well as for entirely new neighboring damage datasets. Further, the proposed network is trained, validated and tested only for the peak-signal data extracted from the raw AE data. The application of peak-signal scalogram data has shown a significant improvement in damage-source classification performance with high training, validation and test accuracy.
31 citations
TL;DR: A systematic review of the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic as discussed by the authors found that a significant proportion of doctors are experiencing high levels of symptoms of depression and anxiety, although not conclusively more so than pre-pandemic levels.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the spatially heterogeneous COVID-19 disruptions in the Airbnb business and offer place-based remedying strategies through local resources, including tourism clusters and community resilience.
31 Mar 2022
TL;DR: The uncanny valley (UV) effect as discussed by the authors is a negative affective reaction to human-looking artificial entities that hinders comfortable, trust-based interactions with android robots and virtual characters, and it hinders human-robot interaction.
Abstract: The uncanny valley (UV) effect is a negative affective reaction to human-looking artificial entities. It hinders comfortable, trust-based interactions with android robots and virtual characters. De...
TL;DR: In this paper , a post hoc analysis of investigator-reported intraocular inflammation-related adverse events (AEs) in HAWK and HARRIER trials is presented, which highlights the need for continued vigilance and monitoring for any signs of IOI-related events in patients receiving brolucizumab.
TL;DR: A deep reinforcement learning-based torque distribution strategy is proposed to guarantee the active safety and energy conservation in distributed drive electric vehicles and provides a foundation for the practical application of intelligent safety control algorithms in future vehicles.
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens1, Cardiff University2, University of Florence3, Environment Agency4, Naturalis5, Environmental Change Institute6, Leibniz Association7, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna8, Wageningen University and Research Centre9, Zoological Society of London10
TL;DR: In this paper, 65 recent specimens of a terrestrial apex predator (Common buzzard), freshwater and marine apex predators (Eurasian otter, harbour porpoise, grey seal, harbour seal) and their potential prey (bream, roach, herring, eelpout) from northern Europe (United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden) were analyzed for the presence of legacy and emerging PFAS, employing a highly sensitive liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method.
TL;DR: In this paper, a zinc-based porphyrin metal-organic framework (Zn-TCPP-MOF) was designed for ultra-sensitive and quantitative detecting BPA as a novel luminescent sensor.
TL;DR: In this article , a zinc-based porphyrin metal-organic framework (Zn-TCPP-MOF) was designed for ultra-sensitive and quantitative detecting BPA as a novel luminescent sensor.
University of British Columbia1, European Gravitational Observatory2, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley3, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee4, California Institute of Technology5, International Centre for Theoretical Sciences6, University of Arizona7, Cardiff University8, Haverford College9, University of Birmingham10, INFN Sezione di Padova11, University of Hamburg12, Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés13, Université libre de Bruxelles14, Swinburne University of Technology15, Northwestern University16, University of Texas at Austin17, Brera Astronomical Observatory18, University of the Balearic Islands19, Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory20, IFAE21, McGill University22, Astroparticle and Cosmology Laboratory23, The Chinese University of Hong Kong24, University of Western Australia25, Paris Diderot University26, University of Florida27, INFN Sezione di Pisa28, Southern University and A&M College29, National Institute for Space Research30, Utrecht University31, Pennsylvania State University32, KEK33, University of Cambridge34, National Institute for Subatomic Physics35, Rochester Institute of Technology36, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur37, INFN Sezione di Roma I38, University of Tokyo39, University of Glasgow40, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology41, INFN Sezione di Roma II42, Louisiana State University43, INFN Sezione di Napoli44, Massachusetts Institute of Technology45, National Central University46
TL;DR: In this paper , the frequency and frequency time-derivative of the gravitational wave signals from 18 pulsars in data from LIGO and Virgo's third observing run (O3) was investigated.
Abstract: Isolated neutron stars that are asymmetric with respect to their spin axis are possible sources of detectable continuous gravitational waves. This paper presents a fully-coherent search for such signals from eighteen pulsars in data from LIGO and Virgo's third observing run (O3). For known pulsars, efficient and sensitive matched-filter searches can be carried out if one assumes the gravitational radiation is phase-locked to the electromagnetic emission. In the search presented here, we relax this assumption and allow the frequency and frequency time-derivative of the gravitational waves to vary in a small range around those inferred from electromagnetic observations. We find no evidence for continuous gravitational waves, and set upper limits on the strain amplitude for each target. These limits are more constraining for seven of the targets than the spin-down limit defined by ascribing all rotational energy loss to gravitational radiation. In an additional search we look in O3 data for long-duration (hours-months) transient gravitational waves in the aftermath of pulsar glitches for six targets with a total of nine glitches. We report two marginal outliers from this search, but find no clear evidence for such emission either. The resulting duration-dependent strain upper limits do not surpass indirect energy constraints for any of these targets.
TL;DR: In this article , a hybrid photovoltaic-thermoelectric (PV-TE) system employing a novel solar concentrator is designed and constructed to demonstrate the feasibility of improving the overall efficiency of light-to-electricity conversion based on spectral splitting strategy.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the imminent diagnostic collapse using testimonies from representative stakeholders of the diagnostic supply chain and from academia developing innovative in-house tests in domains of unmet clinical needs.
Abstract: Laboratory medicine in the European Union is at the dawn of a regulatory revolution as it reaches the end of the transition from IVDD 98/79/EC (https://eur-lex.eur-opa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A31998L0079&qid=1628781352814) to IVDR 2017/746 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/746. Without amendments and contingency plans, implementation of the IVDR in May 2022 will lead the healthcare sector into uncharted waters due to unpreparedness of the EU regulatory infrastructure. Prospective risk analyses were not made by the European Commission, and if nothing happens it can be anticipated that the consequences will impact all stakeholders of the medical test pipeline, may seriously harm patients and may prevent caregivers from making appropriate clinical decisions due to non-availability of medical tests. Finally, it also may discourage manufacturers and academia from developing specialty tests, thereby hampering innovation in medical diagnostic care. We hereby inform laboratory professionals about the imminent diagnostic collapse using testimonies from representative stakeholders of the diagnostic supply chain and from academia developing innovative in-house tests in domains of unmet clinical needs. Steps taken by the EFLM Task Force on European Regulatory Affairs, under the umbrella of the Biomedical Alliance in Europe, will be highlighted, as well as the search for solutions through dialogue with the European Commission. Although we recognize that the IVDR promotes positive goals such as increased clinical evidence, surveillance, and transparency, we need to ensure that the capabilities of the diagnostic sector are not damaged by infrastructural unpreparedness, while at the same time being forced to submit to a growing bureaucratic and unsupportive structure that will not support its "droit d'exister".
TL;DR: In this paper, a hybrid photovoltaic-thermoelectric (PV-TE) system employing a novel solar concentrator is designed and constructed to demonstrate the feasibility of improving the overall efficiency of light-to-electricity conversion based on spectral splitting strategy.
TL;DR: In this article, the Trans European Drug Information (TEDI) network is used to exchange information on drug trends within the trans-European Drug Information network, allowing monitoring and coordination of responses.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in dMRI preprocessing, focusing on the recent advances in the Human Connectome Project (HCP).
TL;DR: The most important aspects which have to be taken into account when designing, planning and operating future multi-vector energy networks are described.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how a national gas and electricity transmission network model was extended to represent multiple local energy systems and coupled with a national energy demand and road transport model to assess a range of technologies and policies for heating and transport where the UK's 2050 net zero carbon emissions target is met.
TL;DR: In this article, multiple sulfur isotope ratios were measured for porewater sulfate, sulfide, elemental sulfur and pyrite from core samples collected from continental shelf (19-96 m water depth) in the Baltic Sea and slope (1098 m water depths), in order to test if their isotope systematics can be used to trace the two different sulfate reduction processes.
TL;DR: In this article , a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) alone or in combination with long-acting β 2 agonists (LABA) against placebo.
Abstract: Importance Decreases in future lung function are a hallmark of preterm birth, but studies for management of decreased lung function are limited. Objective To determine whether 12 weeks of treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) alone or in combination with long-acting β 2 agonists (LABA) improves spirometry and exercise capacity in school-aged preterm-born children who had percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (%FEV 1 ) less than or equal to 85% compared with inhaled placebo treatment. Design, Setting, and Participants A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate ICS and ICS/LABA against placebo. Preterm-born children (age, 7-12 years; gestation ≤34 weeks at birth) who did not have clinically significant congenital, cardiopulmonary, or neurodevelopmental abnormalities underwent spirometry, exercise testing, and measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide before and after treatment. A total of 144 preterm-born children at the Children’s Hospital for Wales in Cardiff, UK, were identified and enrolled between July 1, 2017, and August 31, 2019. Interventions Each child was randomized to 1 of 3 cohorts: fluticasone propionate, 50 μg, with placebo; fluticasone propionate, 50 μg, with salmeterol, 25 μg; or placebo inhalers, all given as 2 puffs twice daily for 12 weeks. Children receiving preexisting ICS treatment underwent washout prior to randomization to ICS or ICS/LABA. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was between-group differences assessed by adjusted pretreatment and posttreatment differences of %FEV 1 using analysis of covariance. Intention-to-treat analysis was conducted. Results Of 144 preterm-born children who were identified with %FEV 1 less than or equal to 85%, 53 were randomized. Treatment allocation was 20 children receiving ICS (including 5 with prerandomization ICS), 19 children receiving ICS/LABA (including 4 with prerandomization ICS), and 14 children receiving placebo. The mean (SD) age of children was 10.8 (1.2) years, and 29 of the randomized children (55%) were female. The posttreatment %FEV 1 was adjusted for sex, gestation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intrauterine growth restriction, pretreatment corticosteroid status, treatment group, and pretreatment values. Posttreatment adjusted means for %FEV 1 , using analysis of covariance, were 7.7% (95% CI, −0.27% to 15.72%; P = .16) higher in the ICS group and 14.1% (95% CI, 7.3% to 21.0%; P = .002) higher in the ICS/LABA group compared with the placebo group. Active treatment decreased the fractional exhaled nitric oxide and improved postexercise bronchodilator response but did not improve exercise capacity. One child developed cough when starting inhaler treatment; no other adverse events reported during the trial could be attributed to the inhaler treatment. Conclusions and Relevance The results of this randomized clinical trial suggest that combined ICS/LABA treatment is beneficial for prematurity-associated lung disease in children. Trial Registration EudraCT number: 2015-003712-20
TL;DR: A cloud-based framework for intelligent optimisation of electricity consumption and generation in buildings to upscale and enhance their demand response effectiveness at a district level is developed through electro-thermal simulations that unlock building flexibility while considering low-voltage grid constraints.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the impact and relationship of airborne PM2.5 pollution on COVID-19 mortality, and established a generalized additive model to evaluate the delayed effect of PM 2.5 on mortality.
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that the proposed integrated strategy is superior to other typical torque distribution strategies in terms of reducing the risk of emergent accidents and the energy consumption of the powertrain is reduced.