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Institution

Cardiff University

EducationCardiff, United Kingdom
About: Cardiff University is a education organization based out in Cardiff, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 34188 authors who have published 82643 publications receiving 3046531 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Cardiff & University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
Shaun Purcell1, Shaun Purcell2, Naomi R. Wray3, Jennifer Stone2, Jennifer Stone1, Peter M. Visscher, Michael Conlon O'Donovan4, Patrick F. Sullivan5, Pamela Sklar2, Pamela Sklar1, Douglas M. Ruderfer, Andrew McQuillin, Derek W. Morris6, Colm O'Dushlaine6, Aiden Corvin6, Peter Holmans4, Stuart MacGregor3, Hugh Gurling, Douglas Blackwood7, Nicholas John Craddock5, Michael Gill6, Christina M. Hultman8, Christina M. Hultman9, George Kirov4, Paul Lichtenstein8, Walter J. Muir7, Michael John Owen4, Carlos N. Pato10, Edward M. Scolnick1, Edward M. Scolnick2, David St Clair, Nigel Williams4, Lyudmila Georgieva4, Ivan Nikolov4, Nadine Norton4, Hywel Williams4, Draga Toncheva, Vihra Milanova, Emma Flordal Thelander8, Patrick Sullivan11, Elaine Kenny6, Emma M. Quinn6, Khalid Choudhury12, Susmita Datta12, Jonathan Pimm12, Srinivasa Thirumalai13, Vinay Puri12, Robert Krasucki12, Jacob Lawrence12, Digby Quested14, Nicholas Bass12, Caroline Crombie15, Gillian Fraser15, Soh Leh Kuan, Nicholas Walker, Kevin A. McGhee7, Ben S. Pickard16, P. Malloy7, Alan W Maclean7, Margaret Van Beck7, Michele T. Pato10, Helena Medeiros10, Frank A. Middleton17, Célia Barreto Carvalho10, Christopher P. Morley17, Ayman H. Fanous, David V. Conti10, James A. Knowles10, Carlos Ferreira, António Macedo18, M. Helena Azevedo18, Andrew Kirby1, Andrew Kirby2, Manuel A. R. Ferreira2, Manuel A. R. Ferreira1, Mark J. Daly2, Mark J. Daly1, Kimberly Chambert2, Finny G Kuruvilla2, Stacey Gabriel2, Kristin G. Ardlie2, Jennifer L. Moran2 
06 Aug 2009-Nature
TL;DR: The extent to which common genetic variation underlies the risk of schizophrenia is shown, using two analytic approaches, and the major histocompatibility complex is implicate, which is shown to involve thousands of common alleles of very small effect.
Abstract: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with a lifetime risk of about 1%, characterized by hallucinations, delusions and cognitive deficits, with heritability estimated at up to 80%(1,2). We performed a genome-wide association study of 3,322 European individuals with schizophrenia and 3,587 controls. Here we show, using two analytic approaches, the extent to which common genetic variation underlies the risk of schizophrenia. First, we implicate the major histocompatibility complex. Second, we provide molecular genetic evidence for a substantial polygenic component to the risk of schizophrenia involving thousands of common alleles of very small effect. We show that this component also contributes to the risk of bipolar disorder, but not to several non-psychiatric diseases.

4,573 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This unit describes different approaches for exosome purification from various sources, and discusses methods to evaluate the purity and homogeneity of the purified exosomes preparations.
Abstract: Exosomes are small membrane vesicles found in cell culture supernatants and in different biological fluids. Exosomes form in a particular population of endosomes, called multivesicular bodies (MVBs), by inward budding into the lumen of the compartment. Upon fusion of MVBs with the plasma membrane, these internal vesicles are secreted. Exosomes possess a defined set of membrane and cytosolic proteins. The physiological function of exosomes is still a matter of debate, but increasing results in various experimental systems suggest their involvement in multiple biological processes. Because both cell-culture supernatants and biological fluids contain different types of lipid membranes, it is critical to perform high-quality exosome purification. This unit describes different approaches for exosome purification from various sources, and discusses methods to evaluate the purity and homogeneity of the purified exosome preparations.

4,492 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
04 Oct 1996-Science
TL;DR: Transgenic mice overexpressing the 695-amino acid isoform of human Alzheimer β-amyloid (Aβ) precursor protein containing a Lys670 → Asn, Met671 → Leu mutation had normal learning and memory but showed impairment by 9 to 10 months of age.
Abstract: Transgenic mice overexpressing the 695-amino acid isoform of human Alzheimer beta-amyloid (Abeta) precursor protein containing a Lys670 --> Asn, Met671 --> Leu mutation had normal learning and memory in spatial reference and alternation tasks at 3 months of age but showed impairment by 9 to 10 months of age. A fivefold increase in Abeta(1-40) and a 14-fold increase in Abeta(1-42/43) accompanied the appearance of these behavioral deficits. Numerous Abeta plaques that stained with Congo red dye were present in cortical and limbic structures of mice with elevated amounts of Abeta. The correlative appearance of behavioral, biochemical, and pathological abnormalities reminiscent of Alzheimer's disease in these transgenic mice suggests new opportunities for exploring the pathophysiology and neurobiology of this disease.

4,327 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These guidelines are presented for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes.
Abstract: In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.

4,316 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Known mechanisms of microbial resistance (both intrinsic and acquired) to biocides are reviewed, with emphasis on the clinical implications of these reports.
Abstract: Antiseptics and disinfectants are extensively used in hospitals and other health care settings for a variety of topical and hard-surface applications A wide variety of active chemical agents (biocides) are found in these products, many of which have been used for hundreds of years, including alcohols, phenols, iodine, and chlorine Most of these active agents demonstrate broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity; however, little is known about the mode of action of these agents in comparison to antibiotics This review considers what is known about the mode of action and spectrum of activity of antiseptics and disinfectants The widespread use of these products has prompted some speculation on the development of microbial resistance, in particular whether antibiotic resistance is induced by antiseptics or disinfectants Known mechanisms of microbial resistance (both intrinsic and acquired) to biocides are reviewed, with emphasis on the clinical implications of these reports

4,243 citations


Authors

Showing all 34629 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Rob Knight2011061253207
Stephen V. Faraone1881427140298
John J.V. McMurray1781389184502
David R. Williams1782034138789
John Hardy1771178171694
Dorret I. Boomsma1761507136353
Kay-Tee Khaw1741389138782
Anders Björklund16576984268
Edward T. Bullmore165746112463
Peter A. R. Ade1621387138051
Michael John Owen1601110135795
Gavin Davies1592036149835
Suvadeep Bose154960129071
Todd Adams1541866143110
John R. Hodges14981282709
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023139
2022768
20214,868
20204,931
20194,464
20184,379