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Institution

Carleton University

EducationOttawa, Ontario, Canada
About: Carleton University is a education organization based out in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 15852 authors who have published 39650 publications receiving 1106610 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article found that the frequency of home numeracy activities that involved direct experiences with numbers or mathematical content (e.g., learning simple sums, mental math) was related to children's numeracy skills in both countries.
Abstract: Children’s experiences with early numeracy and literacy activities are a likely source of individual differences in their preparation for academic learning in school. What factors predict differences in children’s experiences? We hypothesised that relations between parents’ practices and children’s numeracy skills would mediate the relations between numeracy skills and parents’ education, attitudes and expectations. Parents of Greek (N = 100) and Canadian (N = 104) five‐year‐old children completed a survey about parents’ home practices, academic expectations and attitudes; their children were tested on two numeracy measures (i.e., KeyMath‐Revised Numeration and next number generation). Greek parents reported numeracy and literacy activities less frequently than Canadian parents; however, the frequency of home numeracy activities that involved direct experiences with numbers or mathematical content (e.g., learning simple sums, mental math) was related to children’s numeracy skills in both countries. For Gr...

202 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the relationship between changing sea ice conditions/dynamics and harvesting activities, with specific emphasis on ringed seal and walrus seasonal hunting, to illustrate current sea ice exposures that hunters are facing.
Abstract: The observations of community members and instrumental records indicate changes in sea ice around the Inuit community of Igloolik, in the Canadian territory of Nunavut. This paper characterizes local vulnerability to these changes, identifying who is vulnerable, to what stresses, and why, focusing on local and regional use of sea ice for the harvesting of renewable resources and travel. This analysis is coupled with instrumental and sea ice data to evaluate changing temperature/wind/sea ice trends over time, to complement local observations. We demonstrate the relationships between changing sea ice conditions/dynamics and harvesting activities (i.e. dangers and accessibility), with specific emphasis on ringed seal and walrus seasonal hunting, to illustrate current sea ice exposures that hunters are facing. Community members are adapting to such changes, as they have done for generations. However, current adaptive capacity is both enabled, and constrained, by social, cultural, and economic factors that manifest within the modern northern Hamlet. Enabling factors include the ability of hunters to manage or share the risks associated with sea ice travel, as well as through their flexibility in resource use, as facilitated by sophisticated local knowledge and land/navigational skills. Constraining factors include the erosion of land-based knowledge and skills, altered sharing networks, as well as financial and temporal limitations on travel/harvesting. The differential ability of community members to balance enabling and constraining factors, in relation to current exposures, comprises their level of vulnerability to sea ice change.

201 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown experimentally that as the number of stages is increased above the optimal performance/complexity tradeoff, the quantizer robustness and outlier performance can be improved at the expense of a slight increase in rate.
Abstract: A tree-searched multistage vector quantization (VQ) scheme for linear prediction coding (LPC) parameters which achieves spectral distortion lower than 1 dB with low complexity and good robustness using rates as low as 22 b/frame is presented. The M-L search is used, and it is shown that it achieves performance close to that of the optimal search for a relatively small M. A joint codebook design strategy for multistage VQ which improves convergence speed and the VQ performance measures is presented. The best performance/complexity tradeoffs are obtained with relatively small size codebooks cascaded in a 3-6 stage configuration. It is shown experimentally that as the number of stages is increased above the optimal performance/complexity tradeoff, the quantizer robustness and outlier performance can be improved at the expense of a slight increase in rate. Results for log area ratio (LAR) and line spectral pairs (LSPs) parameters are presented. A training technique that reduces outliers at the expense of a slight average performance degradation is introduced. The method significantly outperforms the split codebook approach. >

201 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that in some, but not all, respects interleukin-1beta administration produced "stress like" effects on behaviour, monoamine neurotransmitters, hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis activity and immune function, while the other cytokines produced less consistent effects on these parameters.

201 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
21 Sep 2006
TL;DR: It is shown that change and fault data from previous releases is paramount to developing a practically useful prediction model, and a simple and pragmatic methodology for assessing the costeffectiveness of the predictions to focus verification effort is proposed.
Abstract: This paper reports on the construction and validation of faultproneness prediction models in the context of an object-oriented, evolving, legacy system. The goal is to help QA engineers focus their limited verification resources on parts of the system likely to contain faults. A number of measures including code quality, class structure, changes in class structure, and the history of class-level changes and faults are included as candidate predictors of class fault-proneness. A cross-validated classification analysis shows that the obtained model has less than 20% of false positives and false negatives, respectively. However, as shown in this paper, statistics regarding the classification accuracy tend to inflate the potential usefulness of the fault-proneness prediction models. We thus propose a simple and pragmatic methodology for assessing the costeffectiveness of the predictions to focus verification effort. On the basis of the cost-effectiveness analysis we show that change and fault data from previous releases is paramount to developing a practically useful prediction model. When our model is applied to predict faults in a new release, the estimated potential savings in verification effort is about 29%. In contrast, the estimated savings in verification effort drops to 0% when history data is not included.

201 citations


Authors

Showing all 16102 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
George F. Koob171935112521
Zhenwei Yang150956109344
Andrew White1491494113874
J. S. Keller14498198249
R. Kowalewski1431815135517
Manuella Vincter131944122603
Gabriella Pasztor129140186271
Beate Heinemann129108581947
Claire Shepherd-Themistocleous129121186741
Monica Dunford12990677571
Dave Charlton128106581042
Ryszard Stroynowski128132086236
Peter Krieger128117181368
Thomas Koffas12894276832
Aranzazu Ruiz-Martinez12678371913
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202389
2022381
20212,299
20202,243
20192,017
20181,841