Carleton University

About: Carleton University is a education organization based out in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 15852 authors who have published 39650 publications receiving 1106610 citations.

Empirical Studies of Quality Models in Object-Oriented Systems

Abstract: Measuring structural design properties of a software system, such as coupling, cohesion, or complexity, is a promising approach toward early quality assessments. To use such measurement effectively, quality models that quantitatively describe how these internal structural properties relate to relevant external system qualities such as reliability or maintainability are needed. This chapter’s objective is to summarize, in a structured and detailed fashion, the empirical results reported so far with modeling external system quality based on structural design properties in object-oriented systems. We perform a critical review of existing work in order to identify lessons learned regarding the way these studies are performed and reported. Constructive guidelines for facilitating the work of future studies are also provided, thus facilitating the development of an empirical body of knowledge.

Cordilleran slab windows

Abstract: The geometry and geologic implications of subducted spreading ridges are topics that have bedeviled earth scientists ever since the recognition of plate tectonics. As a consequence of subduction of the Kula-Farallon and East Pacific rises, slab windows formed and migrated beneath the North American Cordillera. The probable shape and extent of these windows, which represent the asthenosphere-filled gaps between two separating, subducting oceanic plates, are depicted from the Late Cretaceous to the present. Possible effects of the existence and migration of slab windows on the Cordillera at various times include cessation of arc volcanism and replacement by rift or plate- edge volcanism; lithospheric uplift, attenuation, and extension; and increased intensity of compressional tectonism. Eocene extensional tectonism and alkaline magmatism in southern British Columbia and the northwestern United States were facilitated by slab-window development.

Fluctuating asymmetry in relation to stress and fitness: Effects of trait type as revealed by meta-analysis

Abstract: :Recently, there has been much controversy over whether fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is related to stress during development, or to fitness of organisms following development. Many tests have found the predicted relations, whereas others have not. To account for these inconsistencies, some researchers have argued that FA of some traits (e.g., sexually selected traits) are more sensitive measures of stress, or are more strongly related to fitness, and that such relations will differ between poikilotherms and homeotherms. Using meta-analysis, we found that FA-stress and FA-fitness relations were non-spurious, despite the large number of relations tested. However, FA-stress and FA-fitness relations were fairly weak and highly heterogenous. Furthermore, our results suggested that trait type was not predictive of the presence or strength of FA-stress or FA-fitness relations and that relations were not stronger for poikilotherms, as one hypothesis suggested.

Time thieves and space invaders: technology, work and the organization

Abstract: Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the shifting boundaries between two experiential categories – home and work – for office workers The boundaries are both spatial and temporal, and the paper seeks to analyse how certain kinds of mobile technology are being used in such a way as to make these boundaries increasingly permeableDesign/methodology/approach – The research involved both the collection of quantitative data using a survey tool, and the gathering of qualitative data through in‐depth interviewsFindings – The paper finds that the mobile technology discussed enables work extension – the ability to work outside the office, outside “normal” office hours This provides flexibility with respect to the timing and location of work, and makes it easier to accommodate both work and family But at the same time, of course, it also increases expectations: managers and colleagues alike expect staff to be almost always available to do work, which makes it easier for work to encroach on family time, and

The optimum high pressure for CO2 transcritical refrigeration systems with internal heat exchangers

Abstract: The system performance of a CO2 refrigeration system is greatly affected by the compressor discharge pressure. An internal heat exchanger (IHX) with high effectiveness is an important factor to achieve high system performance. The expression traditionally used to describe the heat exchange effectiveness is not suitable for CO2 systems. As a result a practical effectiveness expression for IHX, based on enthalpy difference, has been derived and is reported in this paper. Detailed analysis on the relationship between the optimum high pressure Pk,opt and other systematic parameters was performed. Evaporating temperature has little influence on Pk,opt; and IHX can minimize the sensitivity of the system to the refrigerant quality x at the evaporator outlet. Based on simulation data, a correlation of Pk,opt was developed that predicts the simulation values with a deviation of less than 3.6% in the whole range and 0.94% when the evaporating temperature t1=5.3 °C. The results reported in this paper can be used in optimum control and performance evaluation of the whole system.