Carleton University

About: Carleton University is a education organization based out in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 15852 authors who have published 39650 publications receiving 1106610 citations.

African Financial Systems: A Review

Abstract: diverse, with different regional economic blocs The financial systems in these countries are as diverse as the countries Reviewing the financial systems of such a heterogeneous group of countries presents a challenge Therefore, to make the review more concise, we categorize the countries along geographic lines into four groups, namely, Arab North Africa, West Africa, East and Central Africa, and Southern Africa1 This review covers, among other things, a brief review of the economies, central banks, deposit-taking banks, non-bank institutions, such as the stock markets, fixed income markets, and microfinance institutions in Africa In this section, we present an executive summary of the African financial systems, highlighting some of the investment opportunities that exist, and then proceed with an in-depth review of the current state of the financial systems of the various sub-groups in Africa In section II, we review the financial systems in North Africa The financial systems in West Africa are reviewed in Section III, while those in Central and East Africa are reviewed in Section IV In Section V, we examine the financial systems in Southern Africa We conclude with a brief discussion of the risks that potential investors should be concerned about in Section VI

Outage probability analysis for microcell mobile radio systems with cochannel interferers in Rician/Rayleigh fading environment

Abstract: A microcell mobile radio system where the desired signal within a cell experiences Rician fading while interfering signals from cochannel cells experience Rayleigh fading is studied. This model is named a Rician/Rayleigh fading environment. Expressions of outage probabilities are presented for the mobile radio system in the Rician/Rayleigh fading environment.

Response of predators to loss and fragmentation of prey habitat: a review of theory.

Abstract: Despite extensive empirical research and previous reviews, no clear patterns regarding the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on predator-prey interactions have emerged. We suggest that this is because empirical researchers do not design their studies to test specific hypotheses arising from the theoretical literature. In fact, theoretical work is almost completely ignored by empirical researchers, perhaps because it may be inaccessible to them. The purpose of this paper is to review theoretical work on the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on predator-prey interactions. We provide a summary of clear, testable theoretical predictions for empirical researchers. To test one or more of these predictions, an empiricist will need certain information on the predator and prey species of interest. This includes: (1) whether the predator is a specialist on one prey species or feeds on many kinds of prey (omnivore and generalist); (2) whether the predator is restricted to the same habitat type as the focal prey (specialist), can use a variety of habitats but has higher survival in the prey habitat (omnivore), or lives primarily outside of the focal prey's habitat (generalist); (3) whether prey-only patches have lower prey extinction rates than predator-prey patches; and (4) whether the prey emigrate at higher rates from predator-prey patches than from prey-only patches. Empiricists also need to be clear on whether they are testing a prediction about habitat loss or habitat fragmentation and need to conduct empirical studies at spatial scales appropriate for testing the theoretical prediction(s). We suggest that appropriate use of the theoretical predictions in future empirical research will resolve the apparent inconsistencies in the empirical literature on this topic.