Carleton University

About: Carleton University is a education organization based out in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 15852 authors who have published 39650 publications receiving 1106610 citations.

Short-lived pollutants in the Arctic: their climate impact and possible mitigation strategies

Abstract: Several short-lived pollutants known to impact Arctic climate may be contributing to the accelerated rates of warming observed in this region relative to the global annually averaged temperature increase. Here, we present a summary of the short-lived pollutants that impact Arctic climate including methane, tropospheric ozone, and tropospheric aerosols. For each pollutant, we provide a description of the major sources and the mechanism of forcing. We also provide the first seasonally averaged forcing and corresponding temperature response estimates focused specifically on the Arctic. The calculations indicate that the forcings due to black carbon, methane, and tropospheric ozone lead to a positive surface temperature response indicating the need to reduce emissions of these species within and outside the Arctic. Additional aerosol species may also lead to surface warming if the aerosol is coincident with thin, low lying clouds. We suggest strategies for reducing the warming based on current knowledge and discuss directions for future research to address the large remaining uncertainties.

Reading habits for both words and numbers contribute to the snarc effect

Abstract: This study compared the spatial representation of numbers in three groups of adults: Canadians who read both English words and Arabic numbers from left to right; Palestinians who read Arabic words and Arabic-Indic numbers from right to left; and Israelis who read Hebrew words from right to left but Arabic numbers from left to right. Canadians associated small numbers with left and large numbers with right space (the SNARC effect), Palestinians showed the reverse association, and Israelis had no reliable spatial association for numbers. These results suggest that reading habits for both words and numbers contribute to the spatial representation of numbers.

Purpose in Life as a Predictor of Mortality Across Adulthood

Abstract: Having a purpose in life has been cited consistently as an indicator of healthy aging for several reasons, including its potential for reducing mortality risk. In the current study, we sought to extend previous findings by examining whether purpose in life promotes longevity across the adult years, using data from the longitudinal Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) sample. Proportional-hazards models demonstrated that purposeful individuals lived longer than their counterparts did during the 14 years after the baseline assessment, even when controlling for other markers of psychological and affective well-being. Moreover, these longevity benefits did not appear to be conditional on the participants' age, how long they lived during the follow-up period, or whether they had retired from the workforce. In other words, having a purpose in life appears to widely buffer against mortality risk across the adult years.

Linear programming with interval coefficients

Abstract: In order to solve a linear programme, the model coefficients must be fixed at specific values, which implies that the coefficients are perfectly accurate. In practice, however, the coefficients are generally estimates. The only way to deal with uncertain coefficients is to test the sensitivity of the model to changes in their values, either singly or in very small groups. We propose a new approach in which some or all of the coefficients of the LP are specified as intervals. We then find the best optimum and the worst optimum for the model, and the point settings of the interval coefficients that yield these two extremes. This provides the range of the optimised objective function, and the coefficient settings give some insight into the likelihood of these extremes.