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Institution

Carleton University

EducationOttawa, Ontario, Canada
About: Carleton University is a education organization based out in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 15852 authors who have published 39650 publications receiving 1106610 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article reviewed background to generalized linear mixed models and the inferential techniques which have been developed for them and considered a few extensions including additive models, models for zero-heavy data, and models accommodating latent clusters.
Abstract: Breslow and Clayton (J Am Stat Assoc 88:9-25,1993) was, and still is, a highly influential paper mobilizing the use of generalized linear mixed models in epidemiology and a wide variety of fields. An important aspect is the feasibility in implementation through the ready availability of related software in SAS (SAS Institute, PROC GLIMMIX, SAS Institute Inc., URL http://www.sas.com , 2007), S-plus (Insightful Corporation, S-PLUS 8, Insightful Corporation, Seattle, WA, URL http://www.insightful.com , 2007), and R (R Development Core Team, R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, URL http://www.R-project.org , 2006) for example, facilitating its broad usage. This paper reviews background to generalized linear mixed models and the inferential techniques which have been developed for them. To provide the reader with a flavor of the utility and wide applicability of this fundamental methodology we consider a few extensions including additive models, models for zero-heavy data, and models accommodating latent clusters.

285 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a mass extinction link between large Igneous provinces (LIPs) and global climate change is investigated. But the specific effects, their severity, and their time sequencing are specific to each LIP.

285 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Protection against nigral neuron degeneration in PD may be sufficient to facilitate normalized locomotor activity without necessitating striatal reinnervation, according to the results of a mouse model of PD.
Abstract: The molecular mechanisms mediating degeneration of midbrain dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) are poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence to support a role for the involvement of the calcium-dependent proteases, calpains, in the loss of dopamine neurons in a mouse model of PD. We show that administration of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) evokes an increase in calpain-mediated proteolysis in nigral dopamine neurons in vivo. Inhibition of calpain proteolysis using either a calpain inhibitor (MDL-28170) or adenovirus-mediated overexpression of the endogenous calpain inhibitor protein, calpastatin, significantly attenuated MPTP-induced loss of nigral dopamine neurons. Commensurate with this neuroprotection, MPTP-induced locomotor deficits were abolished, and markers of striatal postsynaptic activity were normalized in calpain inhibitor-treated mice. However, behavioral improvements in MPTP-treated, calpain inhibited mice did not correlate with restored levels of striatal dopamine. These results suggest that protection against nigral neuron degeneration in PD may be sufficient to facilitate normalized locomotor activity without necessitating striatal reinnervation. Immunohistochemical analyses of postmortem midbrain tissues from human PD cases also displayed evidence of increased calpain-related proteolytic activity that was not evident in age-matched control subjects. Taken together, our findings provide a potentially novel correlation between calpain proteolytic activity in an MPTP model of PD and the etiology of neuronal loss in PD in humans.

284 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Mackenzie Delta is North America's largest arctic delta as discussed by the authors, and the region is experiencing rapid climate change, and mean annual air temperature has increased by more than 2.5°C since 1970.
Abstract: The Mackenzie Delta, prograding northwestwards into the Beaufort Sea, is North America's largest arctic delta. This Holocene feature is bounded by rolling uplands to the east and the Richardson Mountains to the west. Treeline traverses the region, separating the subarctic boreal forest in southern parts from low-shrub tundra and sedge wetlands at the coast. The region is experiencing rapid climate change, and mean annual air temperature has increased by more than 2.5°C since 1970. The area was at the margin of the Wisconsinan ice sheet, so that in the uplands the mean annual ground temperature and glacial history control permafrost thickness, which varies from >700 m to <100 m. Ground temperatures in the delta are distinct from the uplands due to the thermal influence of numerous lakes and shifting channels. In the uplands, ground temperatures decrease northwards across treeline in association with a decrease in the thickness of snow cover. Ground temperatures have increased since 1970 in the uplands by approximately 1.5°C in association with rising annual mean air temperature. The increase has been less in the delta south of treeline due to the extensive thermal influence of water bodies on ground temperature. However, in the outer delta, the ground is currently more than 2.5°C warmer than in 1970. The impact of climate change on permafrost is also evident in the thickness of the active layer, which increased on average by 8 cm at 12 tundra sites on northern Richards Island from 1983–2008. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada.

284 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The premise of this paper is that biotelemetry and biologging have much to offer and should be embraced by the conservation science community to aid in assessment of threats and endangerment status and can reduce uncertainty in the assignment of conservation status.
Abstract: The current biodiversity crisis is characterized by the decline and extinction of numer- ous animal populations and species world-wide. To aid in understanding the threats and causes of population decline and the assessment of endangerment status of a species, conservation scientists and practitioners are increasingly relying on remote assessments using biotelemetry (radio telemetry, acoustic telemetry, satellite tracking) and biologging (archival loggers) or hybrid technologies (e.g. pop-up satellite tags). These tools offer increasingly sophisticated means (e.g. large-scale telemetry arrays, fine-scale positioning, and use of physiological and environmental sensors) of evaluating the behaviour, spatial ecology, energetics, and physiology of free-living animals in their natural environ- ment. Regional, national, and international threat assessments (e.g. the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List) require basic knowledge of animal distribution, emigration, behaviour, reproductive potential, mortality rates, and habitat use, which in many cases can all be obtained through biotelemetry and biologging studies. Such studies are particularly useful for under- standing the basic biology of animals living in harsh environments (e.g. polar regions, aquatic envi- ronments), for rapidly moving or cryptic animals, and for those that undertake large-scale move- ments/migrations (e.g. birds, insects, marine mammals and fish). The premise of this paper is that biotelemetry and biologging have much to offer and should be embraced by the conservation science community to aid in assessment of threats and endangerment status. It is crucial that studies on endangered species must not further contribute to species decline or retard recovery. As such, there are complicated ethical and legal considerations that must be considered prior to implementing tracking studies on endangered wildlife. Furthermore, as many endangered animal species occur in developing countries, there is a need to develop capacity (financial support for the research and tech- nical telemetry skills) for designing and conducting tracking studies. To stem the loss of biodiversity and aid in the recovery of endangered animal populations, there is a need for innovative and inter- disciplinary research, monitoring programs and research initiatives to inform decision makers. It is clear that biotelemetry and biologging are not a panacea; however, they are valuable tools available to conservation practitioners. Used appropriately, biotelemetry and biologging have the potential to provide data that is often unattainable using other techniques, and can reduce uncertainty in the assignment of conservation status.

283 citations


Authors

Showing all 16102 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
George F. Koob171935112521
Zhenwei Yang150956109344
Andrew White1491494113874
J. S. Keller14498198249
R. Kowalewski1431815135517
Manuella Vincter131944122603
Gabriella Pasztor129140186271
Beate Heinemann129108581947
Claire Shepherd-Themistocleous129121186741
Monica Dunford12990677571
Dave Charlton128106581042
Ryszard Stroynowski128132086236
Peter Krieger128117181368
Thomas Koffas12894276832
Aranzazu Ruiz-Martinez12678371913
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202389
2022381
20212,299
20202,243
20192,017
20181,841