Showing papers by "Case Western Reserve University published in 1977"
TL;DR: O-isotope analysis of shales sampled from wells drilled through sedimentary deposits in the Gulf of Mexico region indicates that the sediments and rocks are not isotopically equilibrated systems as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: O-isotope analysis of shales sampled from wells drilled through sedimentary deposits in the Gulf of Mexico region indicates that the sediments and rocks are not isotopically equilibrated systems — even those that have been buried to depths where temperatures are as high as 170 °C. In comparison with the coarser fractions, the finer fractions of both clay minerals and quartz are almost always richer in O 18 . O-isotope disequilibrium among the clay fractions becomes less marked as burial temperature increases. O-isotope exchange between clay and pore water become more extensive at higher temperatures; this corresponds to more extensive diagenetic alteration of mixed-layer illite-smectite. There is no evidence for O-isotope exchange between detrital quartz and pore water. However, quartz that forms diagenetically as an accompaniment to the conversion of smectite to illite layers in the mixed-layer clay forms in equilibrium with the pore water. The usefulness of O-isotope geothermometry for determination of the maximum temperatures to which shales have been heated during burial was investigated. Temperatures were calculated from the O-isotope fractionations between coexisting fine-grained quartz and clay from three wells; these calculated temperatures progressively approached the measured well (logged) temperatures as depth of burial and temperature increased. In one well, good agreement between calculated and measured temperatures was obtained for measured temperatures between 100 and 180 °C. In two other wells, satisfactory agreement was approached but not obtained at measured temperatures as high as 120 °C. Temperatures calculated from the O-isotope fractionations of quartz and calcite or calcite and clay were not reasonable. This probably reflects isotope exchange between calcite and pore water after the silicates attained their measured isotope ratios. Consequently, calcite is not a suitable mineral for use in isotope geothermometry of diagenetically altered shales.
512 citations
TL;DR: Preliminary clinical correlation of ER, PgR and response to endocrine therapy is encouraging, and it is found that the response rate is significntly higher if the tumor contains both ER and PgG than if the tumors contains ER alone.
Abstract: Regardless of the type of endocrine therapy employed objective tumor regression occurs in only 20-40% of breast cancer patients. With added combination chemotherapy an objective remission in 60% of patients may be achieved. Mammary glands contain specific receptors for hormones cytoplasmic proteins for steroids and cell surface receptors for polypeptides. Hormone-dependent tumors contain receptors but autonomous tumors often do not. The presence of estrogen receptor (ER) in a tumor does not guarantee that the tumor will behave in a hormone-dependent manner. The receptor sediments primarily at 8S in low salt sucrose gradients and at 4S in high salt sucrose gradients. ER values in primary tumors have ranged from 0 to 1000 fmol/mg of cytosol protein. ER values have been helpful in predicting results of endocrine therapy for matastatic breast cancer. When the ER value of the tumor is positive the response to endocrine therapy is 55-60%. Receptors for prolactin progestins and androgens have also been identified in breast tumors. Simultaneous analyses of these receptor proteins may be helpful in explaining the 45% with positive ER values who do not respond to hormone manipulation. In metastatic tumors when both progesterone receptor (PgR) and ER were present response to therapy was 81%. In some cases patients whose tumors have failed to regress after high doses of estrogens have responded to a combination of estrogen and progesterone. The synthetic progestin R5020 has been used to demonstrate PgR. Further studies of the biological responses of tumors not only to estrogens but also to glucocorticoids and progestins may permit a more precise description of the biochemical lesion in a tumor and the specific treatment to which it will respond.
401 citations
TL;DR: Radio frequency has been investigated as a means of externally powering miniature and long term implant telemetry systems and results were within the desired total system efficiency ranges of 18% and 23%, respectively.
Abstract: Radio frequency (r.f.) has been investigated as a means of externally powering miniature and long term implant telemetry systems. Optimum power transfer from the transmitter to the receiving coil is desired for total system efficiency. A seven step design procedure for the transmitting and receiving coils is described based on r.f., coil diameter, coil spacing, load and the number of turns of the coil. An inductance tapping circuit and a voltage doubler circuit have been built in accordance with the design procedure. Experimental results were within the desired total system efficiency ranges of 18% and 23%, respectively.
388 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that partially stabilized zirconia containing homogeneously nucleated precipitates of tetragonal ZrO/sub 2/ of low solute content in a cubic matrix of high solute contents can change to the stable monoclinic structure within the stress field of the crack.
Abstract: Recent discovery is announced that partially stabilized zirconia containing homogeneously nucleated precipitates of tetragonal ZrO/sub 2/ of low solute content in a cubic matrix of high solute content, the primary contribution to the toughness is associated with particles within a ''transformation zone'' adjacent to a propagating crack. These particles change to the stable monoclinic structure within the stress field of the crack. (GHT)
386 citations
TL;DR: The marked increase in P secretion between days 12 and 15 of normal pregnancy may be a response to intraluteal estrogen; the pattern of P secretion from day 12 to term may reflect the effects of both estrogen and rPL.
Abstract: Pregnant rats, hypophysectomizedhysterectomizedon day 12 (day 1 = insemination), secreted progesterone (P) at about 50% of the day 12level for 3–5 days. Daily treatment with estradiol100 μg (E100) but not with E25 or E50, from day 12 today 20, of such rats, restored P secretion until day 16to that of intact pregnant rats; on day 17 a drastic, permanent fall occurred. E100 had no effect afterovariectomy, and did not change the metabolicclearance rate of P. This E100 effect was absent indecidual tissue (DT)-bearing, or hysterectomizedpseudopregnant (PSP) rats, and in pregnant onesbefore day 11. When pregnant rats were hypophysectomized-hysterectomized on day 10, and weretreated with rat placental luteotrophin (rPL) (in theform of day 12 pregnant rat serum: “PRS-12”) ondays 10 and 11, however, E100 increased P secretionabove that found with either PRS-12 or E100 alone. DT-bearing PSP rats, similarly operated on on day 12and treated with PRS-12 on day 12, responded in thesame way to E100. In these rats also t...
380 citations
TL;DR: It would seem that if small vessel disease is a limiting factor in the healing of diabetics it would act through a barrier function whereby nutrients were delayed in their entry into the body via capillaries.
308 citations
TL;DR: An overall similarity exists between different smoking groups mainly in terms of coronary risk factors, and that therefore, constitutional differences do no account for the increased mortality and morbidity among smokers.
Abstract: Physiologic, biochemical and genetic characteristcs of current smokers, non-smokers and ex-smokers were compared among a study population of almost 10,000 working men aged 40-65 years in Israel. Many significant differences were found, although most differences were small. Current and ex-smokers were slightly taller than non-smokers, and height was correlated to amount smoked. Current smokers had lower weights (absolute and adjusted)8 skunfolds, systolic and distolic blood pressures, and uric acid levels, but had higher pulse rates and higher concentrations of total and beta-cholesterol, hemoglobuin and hematocrit. They showes, however, lower alpha-cholesterol (absolute and relative) concentrations. All the above differences were dose-response-related but discriminant analysis incorporating socio-demographic and behavioral correlates revealed only a moderate degree of combined discrimination. The conclusion is that, while cigarette smokers differ from non-smokers in many ways, the overall difference is umimpressive. This explains why, in prospective analysis, increased mortality and morbidity among smokers could not be attributed to confounding variables. Ex-smokers resembled current smokers in height and cholesterol but were closer to non-smokers levels of weight, skinfolds, blood pressure, uric acid and alpha-cholesterol. Ex-smokers also had inermediate levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit. Cigar and pipe smokers differed from non-smokers only in their elevated levels of cholesterol and uric acid. There was no variation by smoking habits among blood groups of seven types. It is concluded that an overall similarity exists between different smoking groups mainly in terms of coronary risk factors, and that therefore, constitutional differences do no account for the increased mortality and morbidity among smokers.
216 citations
TL;DR: The quantitative anatomic data derived in this study, when combined through mathematical modeling with knowledge of transport properties of renal tubular membranes, should lead to a clearer understanding of renal function.
207 citations
TL;DR: The Libben site, a Late Woodland ossuary and occupation site from the Great Black Swamp of northern Ohio has yielded a well-preserved skeletal sample of 1327 articulated individuals, making it the largest and most comprehensively censused North American prehistoric cemetery.
Abstract: The Libben site, a Late Woodland ossuary and occupation site from the Great Black Swamp of northern Ohio has yielded a well-preserved skeletal sample of 1327 articulated individuals. The outstanding preservation and completeness of the site and the utilization of an exhaustive aging methodology make this the largest and most comprehensively censused North American prehistoric cemetery. Survivorship data indicate a robust, successful population. Life expectancy at birth was 20 years. Among adults, male mortality was consistently higher than female, a condition possibly related to high interpersonal and intergroup aggression. Infant mortality was generally low, and a general hypothesis concerning the elevation of infant mortality and the simultaneous depression of adult mortality among aboriginal peoples after European contact is suggested.
184 citations
TL;DR: A model for the hydration of native collagenous tissue was proposed using dynamic mechanical spectroscopy and cryogenic X‐ray techniques after the loss spectrum was found to be very sensitive to water which is highly associated with the macromolecule.
Abstract: The interaction of water with collagenous tissue was investigated using dynamic mechanical spectroscopy and cryogenic X-ray techniques. The loss spectrum was found to be very sensitive to water which is highly associated with the macromolecule. Two water-sensitive loss peaks were observed below 0°C: the β2 or “water dispersion” at 150°K and the β1 at 200°K which is attributed to motion of polar side chains. Changes in peak temperature and intensity were not continuous with water content, but exhibited regimes in behavior which were associated with two types of nonfreezable water, structural and bound water. In cryogenic X-ray experiments, specimens which contained some freezable water exhibited reflections identified with the cubic form of ice. These ice crystals underwent an irreversible transition to the more common hexagonal form when warmed above 200°K. On the basis of these experiments, a model for the hydration of native collagenous tissue was proposed.
176 citations
TL;DR: The results indicated that obesity significantly contributed to the severity of periodontal disease and hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the walls of blood vessels supplying the periodontium in the hypertensive and obese-hypertensive animals.
TL;DR: It was demonstrated that skeletal manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis were essentially the same in B27(+) and (-) patients, and provide no evidence for the speculation that AS in B 27(-) patients is milder or is a different disease from that occurring in B26(+) patients.
Abstract: The clinical features of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) were compared in 63 HLA-B 27 positive (+) and 15 B27 negative (-) individuals with this disease There were no differences in age at onset, functional class, degree of deformity, pain, severity of X-ray changes, or frequency of peripheral joint involvement or of reconstructive orthopedic surgery These data demonstrated that skeletal manifestations of AS were essentially the same in B27(+) and (-) patients, and provide no evidence for the speculation that AS in B27(-) patients is milder or is a different disease from that occurring in B27(+) patients On the other hand, acute anterior uveitis was found to be significantly more common in B27(+) patients, a fact suggesting that the "uveitis of AS" may in fact be an independent condition occurring in B27(+) individuals, rather than a manifestation of AS per se
01 May 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the bioelectric sources corresponding to a propagated action potential with particular emphasis on a cylindrical nerve or muscle fiber of infinite or finite length.
Abstract: This essentially tutorial paper describes, quantitatively, the bioelectric sources corresponding to a propagated action potential with particular emphasis on a cylindrical nerve or muscle fiber of infinite or finite length. Based on this source description, the resulting volume conductor fields are described and discussed.
TL;DR: It is found that regular consultations in critical care can be provided using the audiovisual link, and telemedicine can serve as an important link between a small hospital and a large medical center favorably influencing the quality of care in the critical care unit of the small hospital.
Abstract: We hypothesized that telemedicine — medicine practiced from a distance using telecommunications — can solve some problems related to the scarcity and maldistribution of specialists in critical care medicine. Using a two-way audiovisual link between a small private hospital and a large university medical center, we have provided daily consultations by an intensivist to patients in the small institution. During the first 175 days of the project we found: 1) regular consultations in critical care can be provided using the audiovisual link; 2) current technology is adequate but expensive; 3) telemedicine consultations can be made acceptable to users and providers; 4) telemedicine can be a valuable educational resource; 5) telemedicine can influence the process and probably the outcome of patient care; 6) the audiovisual link is superior to the telephone for these consultations; and 7) telemedicine can serve as an important link between a small hospital and a large medical center favorably influencing the quality of care in the critical care unit of the small hospital.
TL;DR: It is concluded that eosinophils contribute to resistance to the systemic phase of trichinosis in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis.
Abstract: Mice infected with Trichinella spiralis were depleted of eosinophils by repeated administration of rabbit anti-mouse eosinophil serum. There was no effect on the spontaneous expulsion of adult worms from the small intestines, but the numbers of larvae in the muscles were almost doubled. It is concluded that eosinophils contribute to resistance to the systemic phase of trichinosis.
TL;DR: Examination of pattern of reorganization of substrate-bound cell surface material during attachment of Swiss 3T3 mouse fibroblasts to fresh serum-coated glass substrates after prior detachment with the Ca2+-specific chelator EGTA suggests that EGTA treatment minimally affects adhesive materials in the footpad site but disorganizes the cytoskeleton of the cell with resultant shearing of thecell body away from the footpads.
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for least-squares curvefitting of Fourier transform infrared spectra is presented for the analysis of several polymer systems by digital subtraction of spectra and a demonstration of the determination of xylene solution compositions illustrates the accuracy of the method.
Abstract: A method is presented for least-squares curve-fitting of Fourier transform infrared spectra. A demonstration of the determination of xylene solution compositions illustrates the accuracy of the method. Least-squares coefficients are shown to be valuable for the analysis of several polymer systems by digital subtraction of spectra.
TL;DR: A number of psychological variables useful in the care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases are described and attention to these factors does not replace destroyed lung tissue.
TL;DR: The aim of this preliminary profile-recognition study was to develop algorithms for defining unique individual description vectors from manually entered profile traces, which showed that unique individual differentation was clearly obtaincd for each member of the population.
TL;DR: In this paper, Heptadeca-2,4-diine-1,1-ol and 2,4,diine 1-acid were synthesized and their polymerization behavior in the solid state was investigated.
Abstract: Heptadeca-2,4-diine-1-ol and Heptadeca-2,4-diine-1-acid were synthesized and their polymerization behaviour in the solid state was investigated. Both compounds polymerize thermally below the melting point and photochemically under the action of uv-light to form polymers via 1,4-addition to the conjugated triple bonds with a backbone of conjugated double-and triple-bonds. The photoresponse spectra resemble the absorption spectra exhibiting maxima of photoreactivity in the absorption band of the conjugated triple bonds of the monomers.
TL;DR: A review of 1,000 radial artery cannulations performed over a 2-year period showed that, with careful selection of patients, and with the apparatus used, only two serious complications were encountered; embolectomy was necessary in one and arterial reconstruction in another.
Abstract: A review of 1,000 radial artery cannulations performed over a 2-year period showed that, with careful selection of patients, by means of the Allen test and Doppler studies, and with the apparatus used, only two serious complications were encountered; embolectomy was necessary in one and arterial reconstruction in another. Twenty-four percent of patients had evidence of diminution of flow, but in none did it persist for more than 2 weeks. Critical factors in reducing complications were a short period of cannulation, use of a Teflon catheter, and a continuous arterial line flush system.
TL;DR: It is concluded that improvement in the capacity for exercise following physical training for four weeks is not associated with improvement in cardiopulmonary function at submaximal exercise.
TL;DR: Granulomas induced by the intravenous injection of eggs of Schistosoma mansoni into the lungs of mice which were either unsensitised, sensitised by prior intraperitoneal injection of egg, or naturally infected with S. mansoni confirm the previously reported modulation of this immunopathological reaction.
Abstract: Granulomas were induced by the intravenous injection of eggs of Schistosoma mansoni into the lungs of mice which were either unsensitised, sensitised by prior intraperitoneal injection of eggs, or naturally infected with S. mansoni. At various time intervals after egg injection (8, 16 and 32 days in unsensitised mice; 4, 8 and 16 days in sensitised mice; and 8 days in mice infected for 4, 8 16 and 24 wk) the lungs were removed from groups of mice and were placed in a Waring blender at low speed. Complete intact granulomas were isolated, the lesions were dispersed with collagenase and pronase and the cell populations quantified and classified as eosinophils, neutrophils and mononuclear cells less than or equal to 12 or greater than 12 micron in diameter. Small mononuclear cells consisting almost exclusively of lymphocytes were the predominant cells initially, but eosinophils became the most common cell type, reaching a peak of 71% of cells in sensitised animals 16 days after injection. Large mononuclear cells remained relatively constant at about 30% of the total cells. Neutrophils neverreached more than 10% of cells. Sensitisation by a prior intraperitoneal injection of eggs led to an acceleration of granuloma formation. In infected mice, the granulomas with the largest cell counts were seen 8 wk after infection while the smaller granulomas in the mice infected for 16 or 24 wk confirm the previously reported modulation of this immunopathological reaction.
TL;DR: It is suggested that this risk scoring system can be used effectively in a clinical setting to identify patients at increased risk for neonatal depression and perinatal death.
TL;DR: Increased understanding of maternal-fetal carbohydrate homeostasis together with modern perinatal technology now provides a more rational basis for obstetric management of the pregnant diabetic patient.
TL;DR: Glucose homeostasis in such cases has been evaluated by the infant's response to exogenous glucose loads, and acute intravenous glucose loads have disappeared rapidly from blood, glucose.
Abstract: Hypoglycemia frequently develops in infants of diabetic mothers in the immediate postnatal period.1 , 2 Even in the presence of strict metabolic control during pregnancy, a greater decrease of bloo...
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that a genetic predisposition (genes allowing formation of secondary ossification centers) is present and that wormian bones are under direct genetic control regardless of the presence or absence of detectable cultural deformation.
Abstract: One hundred and twenty adult and 80 human fetal skulls were examined to find the relationship (if any) between the presence of wormian bones in the lambdoidal suture and artificial deformation of the skull. Wormian bones occur in deformed and undeformed skulls with no significant differences. Wormian bones detected in fetal skulls preclude cultural deformation as an important factor in the formation of these bones. It is hypothesized that a genetic predisposition (genes allowing formation of secondary ossification centers) is present and that wormian bones are under direct genetic control regardless of the presence or absence of detectable cultural deformation.