Case Western Reserve University

About: Case Western Reserve University is a education organization based out in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 54617 authors who have published 106568 publications receiving 5071613 citations. The organization is also known as: Case & Case Western.

Comparative lesion sequencing provides insights into tumor evolution

Abstract: We show that the times separating the birth of benign, invasive, and metastatic tumor cells can be determined by analysis of the mutations they have in common. When combined with prior clinical observations, these analyses suggest the following general conclusions about colorectal tumorigenesis: (i) It takes 17 years for a large benign tumor to evolve into an advanced cancer but <2 years for cells within that cancer to acquire the ability to metas- tasize; (ii) it requires few, if any, selective events to transform a highly invasive cancer cell into one with the capacity to metasta- size; (iii) the process of cell culture ex vivo does not introduce new clonal mutations into colorectal tumor cell populations; and (iv) the rates at which point mutations develop in advanced cancers are similar to those of normal cells. These results have important implications for understanding human tumor pathogenesis, par- ticularly those associated with metastasis. cancer genetics colorectal cancer metastasis stem cells

N,P-Codoped Carbon Networks as Efficient Metal-free Bifunctional Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions.

Abstract: The high cost and scarcity of noble metal catalysts, such as Pt, have hindered the hydrogen production from electrochemical water splitting, the oxygen reduction in fuel cells and batteries. Herein, we developed a simple template-free approach to three-dimensional porous carbon networks codoped with nitrogen and phosphorus by pyrolysis of a supermolecular aggregate of self-assembled melamine, phytic acid, and graphene oxide (MPSA/GO). The pyrolyzed MPSA/GO acted as the first metal-free bifunctional catalyst with high activities for both oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution. Zn-air batteries with the pyrolyzed MPSA/GO air electrode showed a high peak power density (310 W g(-1) ) and an excellent durability. Thus, the pyrolyzed MPSA/GO is a promising bifunctional catalyst for renewable energy technologies, particularly regenerative fuel cells.

The formation of estrogens by central neuroendocrine tissues

Abstract: Much of what I will discuss here today relates to brain differentiation in rodents. This subject was the interest of two outstanding British scientists, Geoffrey Harris and Peter MacDonald. Harris spent his scientific life and considerable intellectual powers observing and enlarging upon this very interesting phenomenon, which was originally described so brilliantly by Carroll Pfeiffer in 1936. Peter MacDonald was an outstanding young man who had already shown the key role of estrogens in central steroid actions by experiments such as the use of antiestrogens to block the action of androgens on brain differentiation, as described below. Geoffrey Harris’ life ended at the pinnacle and fruition of a career that included the elucidation of the neurovascular and chemical links between the brain and pituitary and the isolation of the LH releasing factor. Peter MacDonald's life and continued work were prematurely lost in the recent Paris air disaster; we can only guess what he might have contributed in years to come. However, both of these men left important scientific and intellectual legacies, part of which you have already heard about. If a man's work is what others judge him by, these two will stand up well to any test, any time. We owe them our gratitude and continued remembrance.

Early role of vascular dysregulation on late-onset Alzheimer’s disease based on multifactorial data-driven analysis

Abstract: Multifactorial mechanisms underlying late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) are poorly characterized from an integrative perspective. Here spatiotemporal alterations in brain amyloid-β deposition, metabolism, vascular, functional activity at rest, structural properties, cognitive integrity and peripheral proteins levels are characterized in relation to LOAD progression. We analyse over 7,700 brain images and tens of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Through a multifactorial data-driven analysis, we obtain dynamic LOAD-abnormality indices for all biomarkers, and a tentative temporal ordering of disease progression. Imaging results suggest that intra-brain vascular dysregulation is an early pathological event during disease development. Cognitive decline is noticeable from initial LOAD stages, suggesting early memory deficit associated with the primary disease factors. High abnormality levels are also observed for specific proteins associated with the vascular system's integrity. Although still subjected to the sensitivity of the algorithms and biomarkers employed, our results might contribute to the development of preventive therapeutic interventions.