Institution
Case Western Reserve University
Education•Cleveland, Ohio, United States•
About: Case Western Reserve University is a education organization based out in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 54617 authors who have published 106568 publications receiving 5071613 citations. The organization is also known as: Case & Case Western.
Topics: Population, Health care, Cancer, Transplantation, Poison control
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Geometrically and electrically accurate models of mammalian motor nerve fibers are developed to gain insight into the biophysical mechanisms that underlie the changes in axonal excitability and regulate the recovery cycle.
Abstract: Human nerve fibers exhibit a distinct pattern of threshold fluctuation following a single action potential known as the recovery cycle. We developed geometrically and electrically accurate models o...
702 citations
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TL;DR: For example, this paper found that the adverse consequences of being born low birth weight were still apparent in adolescence, and the cognitive defects associated with social or environmental risks become more pronounced as the child ages.
Abstract: Advances in neonatal medicine have resulted in the increased survival of infants at lower and lower birth weight. While these medical success stories highlight the power of medical technology to save many of the tiniest infants at birth, serious questions remain about how these infants will develop and whether they will have normal, productive lives. Low birth weight children can be born at term or before term and have varying degrees of social and medical risk. Because low birth weight children are not a homogeneous group, they have a broad spectrum of growth, health, and developmental outcomes. While the vast majority of low birth weight children have normal outcomes, as a group they generally have higher rates of subnormal growth, illnesses, and neurodevelopmental problems. These problems increase as the child's birth weight decreases. With the exception of a small minority of low birth weight children with mental retardation and/or cerebral palsy, the developmental sequelae for most low birth weight infants include mild problems in cognition, attention, and neuromotor functioning. Long-term follow-up studies conducted on children born in the 1960s indicated that the adverse consequences of being born low birth weight were still apparent in adolescence. Adverse sociodemographic factors negatively affect developmental outcomes across the continuum of low birth weight and appear to have far greater effects on long-term cognitive outcomes than most of the biological risk factors. In addition, the cognitive defects associated with social or environmental risks become more pronounced as the child ages. Enrichment programs for low birth weight children seem to be most effective for the moderately low birth weight child who comes from a lower socioeconomic group. Continued research and attempts to decrease the rate of low birth weight and associated perinatal medical sequelae are of primary importance. Ongoing documentation of the long-term outcome of low birth weight children needs to be mandated, as does the implementation of environmental enrichment programs to help ameliorate the long-term consequences for infants who are born low birth weight.
702 citations
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University of Alabama at Birmingham1, Ohio State University2, National Institutes of Health3, George Washington University4, University of Texas at Dallas5, University of Utah6, University of Chicago7, University of Pittsburgh8, Wake Forest University9, Thomas Jefferson University10, Wayne State University11, University of Cincinnati12, Columbia University13, Brown University14, Northwestern University15, University of Miami16, University of Tennessee Health Science Center17, University of Texas at San Antonio18, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill19, University of Texas at Austin20, Case Western Reserve University21
TL;DR: Elective repeat cesarean delivery before 39 weeks of gestation is common and is associated with respiratory and other adverse neonatal outcomes.
Abstract: BACKGROUND Because of increased rates of respiratory complications, elective cesarean delivery is discouraged before 39 weeks of gestation unless there is evidence of fetal lung maturity. We assessed associations between elective cesarean delivery at term (37 weeks of gestation or longer) but before 39 weeks of gestation and neonatal outcomes. METHODS We studied a cohort of consecutive patients undergoing repeat cesarean sections performed at 19 centers of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network from 1999 through 2002. Women with viable singleton pregnancies delivered electively (i.e., before the onset of labor and without any recognized indications for delivery before 39 weeks of gestation) were included. The primary outcome was the composite of neonatal death and any of several adverse events, including respiratory complications, treated hypoglycemia, newborn sepsis, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (ICU). RESULTS Of 24,077 repeat cesarean deliveries at term, 13,258 were performed electively; of these, 35.8% were performed before 39 completed weeks of gestation (6.3% at 37 weeks and 29.5% at 38 weeks) and 49.1% at 39 weeks of gestation. One neonatal death occurred. As compared with births at 39 weeks, births at 37 weeks and at 38 weeks were associated with an increased risk of the primary outcome (adjusted odds ratio for births at 37 weeks, 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7 to 2.5; adjusted odds ratio for births at 38 weeks, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3 to 1.7; P for trend <0.001). The rates of adverse respiratory outcomes, mechanical ventilation, newborn sepsis, hypoglycemia, admission to the neonatal ICU, and hospitalization for 5 days or more were increased by a factor of 1.8 to 4.2 for births at 37 weeks and 1.3 to 2.1 for births at 38 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Elective repeat cesarean delivery before 39 weeks of gestation is common and is associated with respiratory and other adverse neonatal outcomes.
701 citations
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TL;DR: It is shown that DSB formation is followed by ATM-dependent chromatin relaxation, which suggests that chromatin Relaxation is a fundamental pathway in the DNA-damage response and identifies its primary mediators.
Abstract: The cellular DNA-damage response is a signaling network that is vigorously activated by cytotoxic DNA lesions, such as double-strand breaks (DSBs)1. The DSB response is mobilized by the nuclear protein kinase ATM, which modulates this process by phosphorylating key players in these pathways2. A long-standing question in this field is whether DSB formation affects chromatin condensation. Here, we show that DSB formation is followed by ATM-dependent chromatin relaxation. ATM's effector in this pathway is the protein KRAB-associated protein (KAP-1, also known as TIF1β, KRIP-1 or TRIM28), previously known as a corepressor of gene transcription3,4. In response to DSB induction, KAP-1 is phosphorylated in an ATM-dependent manner on Ser 824. KAP-1 is phosphorylated exclusively at the damage sites, from which phosphorylated KAP-1 spreads rapidly throughout the chromatin. Ablation of the phosphorylation site of KAP-1 leads to loss of DSB-induced chromatin decondensation and renders the cells hypersensitive to DSB-inducing agents. Knocking down KAP-1, or mimicking a constitutive phosphorylation of this protein, leads to constitutive chromatin relaxation. These results suggest that chromatin relaxation is a fundamental pathway in the DNA-damage response and identify its primary mediators.
700 citations
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TL;DR: Conversion rates for laparoscopic colectomy are dependent on a multitude of factors that require appropriate adjustment including the learning curve (operative experience) for individual surgeons.
Abstract: Objective:
To provide a multidimensional analysis of the learning curve in major laparoscopic colonic and rectal surgery and compare outcomes between right-sided versus left-sided resections.
700 citations
Authors
Showing all 54953 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Robert Langer | 281 | 2324 | 326306 |
Bert Vogelstein | 247 | 757 | 332094 |
Zhong Lin Wang | 245 | 2529 | 259003 |
John Q. Trojanowski | 226 | 1467 | 213948 |
Kenneth W. Kinzler | 215 | 640 | 243944 |
Peter Libby | 211 | 932 | 182724 |
David Baltimore | 203 | 876 | 162955 |
Carlo M. Croce | 198 | 1135 | 189007 |
Ronald Klein | 194 | 1305 | 149140 |
Eric J. Topol | 193 | 1373 | 151025 |
Paul M. Thompson | 183 | 2271 | 146736 |
Yusuke Nakamura | 179 | 2076 | 160313 |
Dennis J. Selkoe | 177 | 607 | 145825 |
David L. Kaplan | 177 | 1944 | 146082 |
Evan E. Eichler | 170 | 567 | 150409 |