Institution
Case Western Reserve University
Education•Cleveland, Ohio, United States•
About: Case Western Reserve University is a education organization based out in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 54617 authors who have published 106568 publications receiving 5071613 citations. The organization is also known as: Case & Case Western.
Topics: Population, Cancer, Health care, Medicine, Transplantation
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: Lamotrigine and lithium were superior to placebo for the prevention of mood episodes in bipolar I patients, with lamot Rigine predominantly effective against depression and lithium predominantly effectiveagainst mania.
Abstract: Background The anticonvulsant lamotrigine was previously shown to be effective for bipolar depression. This study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of lamotrigine and lithium compared with placebo for the prevention of mood episodes in bipolar disorder. Method During an 8- to 16-week open-label phase, lamotrigine (titrated to 200 mg/day) was added to current therapy for currently or recently depressed DSM-IV-defined bipolar I outpatients (N = 966) and concomitant drugs were gradually withdrawn. Patients stabilized on open-label treatment (N = 463) were then randomly assigned to lamotrigine (50, 200, or 400 mg/day; N = 221), lithium (0.8-1.1 mEq/L; N = 121), or placebo (N = 121) monotherapy for up to 18 months. The primary outcome measure was time from randomization to intervention (addition of pharmacotherapy) for any mood episode (depressive, manic, hypomanic, or mixed). Data were gathered from September 1997 to August 2001. Results Time to intervention for any mood episode was statistically superior (p = .029) for both lamotrigine and lithium compared with placebo-median survival times were 200, 170, and 93 days, respectively. Intervention for depression was more frequent than for mania by a factor of nearly 3:1. Lamotrigine was statistically superior to placebo at prolonging the time to intervention for a depressive episode (p = .047). The proportions of patients who were intervention-free for depression at 1 year were lamotrigine 57%, lithium 46%, and placebo 45%. Lithium was statistically superior to placebo at prolonging the time to intervention for a manic or hypomanic episode (p = .026). The proportions of patients who were intervention-free for mania at 1 year were lamotrigine 77%, lithium 86%, and placebo 72%. Headache was the most frequent adverse event for all 3 treatment groups. Conclusion Lamotrigine and lithium were superior to placebo for the prevention of mood episodes in bipolar I patients, with lamotrigine predominantly effective against depression and lithium predominantly effective against mania.
584 citations
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TL;DR: A simplified method of describing vertebral rotation is proposed, which correlates the amount or percentage of convex pedicle displacement seen on roentgenograms with the approximate degrees of rotation present in that vertebra.
Abstract: The problem of roentgenographic evaluations of vertebral rotations has been studied using upper thoracic, thoracic, and lumbar segments of a normal spine which were marked with wires and which then had roentgenograms made in known increments of rotation. The results showed a definite difference between a grading system based upon the position of the spinous process and a system based on the position of the pedicle located on the convex side of the curve. The pedicle technique proved to have definite merit in its case of application over a wide range of rotation and its over-all consistecy of values evens when applied to the scoliotic spine.
As an additional part of the study, the approximate range of degrees of rotation represented by each grade of rotation was determined.
Finally, by combining the two parts of this study, we were able to propose a simplified method of describing vertebral rotation, which correlates the amount or percentage of convex pedicle displacement seen on roentgenograms with the approximate degrees of rotation present in that vertebra.
584 citations
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TL;DR: The findings of a markedly increased risk forMajor depression in persons with PTSD, but not in exposed persons without PTSD, do not support the hypothesis that PTSD and major depression in trauma victims are influenced by separate vulnerabilities.
583 citations
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TL;DR: It is now clear that metabolic interventions aimed at enhancing glucose utilisation and pyruvate oxidation at the expense of fatty acid oxidation is a valid therapeutic approach to the treatment of myocardial ischaemia.
Abstract: Time for primary review 28 days.
The regulation of mammalian myocardial carbohydrate metabolism is complex in that it is linked to arterial substrate and hormone levels, coronary flow, inotropic state and the nutritional status of the tissue. Optimal cardiac function under normal and pathological conditions is dependent upon glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation. The purpose of this review is to examine the regulation of myocardial carbohydrate metabolism under physiological conditions, and during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion. The therapeutic potential of a variety of pharmacological interventions affecting myocardial carbohydrate metabolism will then be discussed.
The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) provides reducing equivalents for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in the condensation of ADP and inorganic phosphate to regenerate ATP, and is fueled by acetyl-CoA formed primarily from oxidation of pyruvate and fatty acids (Fig. 1). Cardiomyocytes oxidise fatty acids derived from both the plasma and the breakdown of intracellular triacylglycerol stores, while pyruvate is derived from either lactate dehydrogenase or glycolysis. The rates of these metabolic pathways are tightly coupled to the rate of contractile work, and conversely, contractile work is coupled to the supply of oxygen and the rate of oxidative phosphorylation (Fig. 1). Early studies in animals [1] and human [2, 3] showed that after an overnight fast the heart extracts free fatty acids (FFA), lactate and glucose from the blood, and that if one assumes complete oxidation of extracted substrates, fatty acids are the major oxidative fuel for the heart (60–100% of the oxygen consumption), with a lesser contribution from lactate and glucose (0–20% from each) [2, 3]. Subsequent studies by others using a variety of experimental approaches have confirmed these early results (see [4–7] for reviews).
Fig. 1
Schematic depiction of myocardial substrate metabolism. Abbreviations: G 6-P, glucose 6-phosphate; TCA, tricarboxylic acid; GT, GLUT 1 and GLUT 4 glucose …
583 citations
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TL;DR: It is suggested that a coordinated and upregulated production of IL-6, sil-6R, sIL-2R and TfR may constitute a trait marker of major depression; and an up regulated production ofIL-6 may represent a contributing factor to the various immune disorders encountered in major depression and maybe to the pathophysiology or pathogenesis of that illness.
583 citations
Authors
Showing all 54953 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Robert Langer | 281 | 2324 | 326306 |
Bert Vogelstein | 247 | 757 | 332094 |
Zhong Lin Wang | 245 | 2529 | 259003 |
John Q. Trojanowski | 226 | 1467 | 213948 |
Kenneth W. Kinzler | 215 | 640 | 243944 |
Peter Libby | 211 | 932 | 182724 |
David Baltimore | 203 | 876 | 162955 |
Carlo M. Croce | 198 | 1135 | 189007 |
Ronald Klein | 194 | 1305 | 149140 |
Eric J. Topol | 193 | 1373 | 151025 |
Paul M. Thompson | 183 | 2271 | 146736 |
Yusuke Nakamura | 179 | 2076 | 160313 |
Dennis J. Selkoe | 177 | 607 | 145825 |
David L. Kaplan | 177 | 1944 | 146082 |
Evan E. Eichler | 170 | 567 | 150409 |