Institution
Case Western Reserve University
Education•Cleveland, Ohio, United States•
About: Case Western Reserve University is a education organization based out in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 54617 authors who have published 106568 publications receiving 5071613 citations. The organization is also known as: Case & Case Western.
Topics: Population, Health care, Cancer, Transplantation, Poison control
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: Some recent examples where dynamic covalent chemistry has been demonstrated are shown to emphasise the basic concepts of this area of science.
Abstract: Dynamic covalent chemistry relates to chemical reactions carried out reversibly under conditions of equilibrium control. The reversible nature of the reactions introduces the prospects of "error checking" and "proof-reading" into synthetic processes where dynamic covalent chemistry operates. Since the formation of products occurs under thermodynamic control, product distributions depend only on the relative stabilities of the final products. In kinetically controlled reactions, however, it is the free energy differences between the transition states leading to the products that determines their relative proportions. Supramolecular chemistry has had a huge impact on synthesis at two levels: one is noncovalent synthesis, or strict self-assembly, and the other is supramolecular assistance to molecular synthesis, also referred to as self-assembly followed by covalent modification. Noncovalent synthesis has given us access to finite supermolecules and infinite supramolecular arrays. Supramolecular assistance to covalent synthesis has been exploited in the construction of more-complex systems, such as interlocked molecular compounds (for example, catenanes and rotaxanes) as well as container molecules (molecular capsules). The appealing prospect of also synthesizing these types of compounds with complex molecular architectures using reversible covalent bond forming chemistry has led to the development of dynamic covalent chemistry. Historically, dynamic covalent chemistry has played a central role in the development of conformational analysis by opening up the possibility to be able to equilibrate configurational isomers, sometimes with base (for example, esters) and sometimes with acid (for example, acetals). These stereochemical "balancing acts" revealed another major advantage that dynamic covalent chemistry offers the chemist, which is not so easily accessible in the kinetically controlled regime: the ability to re-adjust the product distribution of a reaction, even once the initial products have been formed, by changing the reaction's environment (for example, concentration, temperature, presence or absence of a template). This highly transparent, yet tremendously subtle, characteristic of dynamic covalent chemistry has led to key discoveries in polymer chemistry. In this review, some recent examples where dynamic covalent chemistry has been demonstrated are shown to emphasise the basic concepts of this area of science.
1,880 citations
••
08 Apr 2014TL;DR: Experiential learning theory (ELT) as discussed by the authors provides a holistic model of the learning process and a multilinear model of adult development, both of which are consistent with what we know about how people learn, grow, and develop.
Abstract: Experiential learning theory (ELT) provides a holistic model of the learning process and a multilinear model of adult development, both of which are consistent with what we know about how people learn, grow, and develop. The theory is called experiential learning to emphasize the central role that experience plays in the learning process, an emphasis that distinguishes ELT from other learning theories. The term experiential is used therefore to differentiate ELT both from cognitive learning theories, which emphasize cognition over affect, and behavioral learning theories, which deny any role for subjective experience in the learning process. Another reason the theory is called experiential is its intellectual origins in the experiential works of Dewey, Lewin, and Piaget. Taken together Dewey's philosophical pragmatism, Lewin's social psychology, and Piaget's cognitive-developmental genetic epistemology form a unique perspective on learning and development. Many of the studies in higher education use ELT and the LSI as a framework for educational innovation.
1,868 citations
••
TL;DR: The authors discusses the concept of interaction, the use of product terms to test for its presence, the problems of multicollinearity and nonlinear interaction effects and the proper use of subgroup analysis.
Abstract: Multiple regression is widely used for the analysis of nonexperimental data by investigators in social work and social welfare. Most published studies test additive models in which the effects of each independent variable on the dependent variable are assumed to be constant across all levels of additional independent variables. Tests are seldom made for the presence of interacting or modifier effects. This article discusses the concept of interaction, the use of product terms to test for its presence, the problems of multicollinearity and nonlinear interaction effects and the proper use of subgroup analysis.
1,867 citations
••
TL;DR: The Working Party felt the need for a large study to redefine neuropsychiatric abnormalities in liver disease, which would allow the diagnosis of minimal (subclinical) encephalopathy to be made on firm statistical grounds, and suggested a modification of current nomenclature for clinical diagnosis of hepaticEncephalopathy.
1,853 citations
••
McMaster University1, University Hospital of Basel2, Autonomous University of Barcelona3, Harvard University4, Mayo Clinic5, Karolinska University Hospital6, Duke University7, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine8, Case Western Reserve University9, University Medical Center Freiburg10, Centre for Mental Health11, Vanderbilt University12
TL;DR: It is suggested that examination of 95% confidence intervals (CIs) provides the optimal primary approach to decisions regarding imprecision and rating down the quality of evidence is required if clinical action would differ if the upper versus the lower boundary of the CI represented the truth.
1,844 citations
Authors
Showing all 54953 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Robert Langer | 281 | 2324 | 326306 |
Bert Vogelstein | 247 | 757 | 332094 |
Zhong Lin Wang | 245 | 2529 | 259003 |
John Q. Trojanowski | 226 | 1467 | 213948 |
Kenneth W. Kinzler | 215 | 640 | 243944 |
Peter Libby | 211 | 932 | 182724 |
David Baltimore | 203 | 876 | 162955 |
Carlo M. Croce | 198 | 1135 | 189007 |
Ronald Klein | 194 | 1305 | 149140 |
Eric J. Topol | 193 | 1373 | 151025 |
Paul M. Thompson | 183 | 2271 | 146736 |
Yusuke Nakamura | 179 | 2076 | 160313 |
Dennis J. Selkoe | 177 | 607 | 145825 |
David L. Kaplan | 177 | 1944 | 146082 |
Evan E. Eichler | 170 | 567 | 150409 |