Case Western Reserve University

About: Case Western Reserve University is a education organization based out in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 54617 authors who have published 106568 publications receiving 5071613 citations. The organization is also known as: Case & Case Western.

The epidemiology of glioma in adults: a "state of the science" review.

Abstract: Gliomas are the most common primary intracranial tumor, representing 81% of malignant brain tumors Although relatively rare, they cause significant mortality and morbidity Glioblastoma, the most common glioma histology (∼45% of all gliomas), has a 5-year relative survival of ∼5% A small portion of these tumors are caused by Mendelian disorders, including neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, and Li-Fraumeni syndrome Genomic analyses of glioma have also produced new evidence about risk and prognosis Recently discovered biomarkers that indicate improved survival include O⁶-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase methylation, isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation, and a glioma cytosine-phosphate-guanine island methylator phenotype Genome-wide association studies have identified heritable risk alleles within 7 genes that are associated with increased risk of glioma Many risk factors have been examined as potential contributors to glioma risk Most significantly, these include an increase in risk by exposure to ionizing radiation and a decrease in risk by history of allergies or atopic disease(s) The potential influence of occupational exposures and cellular phones has also been examined, with inconclusive results We provide a “state of the science” review of current research into causes and risk factors for gliomas in adults

Mutations of mitotic checkpoint genes in human cancers

Abstract: Genetic instability was one of the first characteristics to be postulated to underlie neoplasia1,2,3. Such genetic instability occurs in two different forms. In a small fraction of colorectal and some other cancers, defective repair of mismatched bases results in an increased mutation rate at the nucleotide level and consequent widespread microsatellite instability4,5,6,7. In most colorectal cancers, and probably in many other cancer types, a chromosomal instability (CIN) leading to an abnormal chromosome number (aneuploidy) is observed8. The physiological and molecular bases of this pervasive abnormality are unknown. Here we show that CIN is consistently associated with the loss of function of a mitotic checkpoint. Moreover, in some cancers displaying CIN the loss of this checkpoint was associated with the mutational inactivation of a human homologue of the yeast BUB1 gene; BUB1 controls mitotic checkpoints and chromosome segregation in yeast. The normal mitotic checkpoints of cells displaying microsatellite instability become defective upon transfer of mutant hBUB1 alleles from either of two CIN cancers.