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Institution

Catholic University of the Sacred Heart

EducationMilan, Lombardia, Italy
About: Catholic University of the Sacred Heart is a education organization based out in Milan, Lombardia, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 13592 authors who have published 31048 publications receiving 853961 citations.


Papers
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Journal Article
TL;DR: This review showed that TiO2-NPs can cause several adverse effects on mammalian cells such as increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cytokines levels, reduction of cell viability and proliferation, induction of apoptosis and genotoxicity.
Abstract: Background and Objective: Recent rapid advances in nanotechnology raise concerns about development, production route, and diffusion in industrial and consumer prod- ucts of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs). In fact, compared to recent increase in applica- tions of this nanomaterial, the health effects of human exposure have not been systematically in- vestigated. The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview on the current knowl- edge regarding the effects of TiO2-NPs on mam- malian cells. Evidence and Information Sources: This re- view is based on an analysis of the current liter- ature on this topic. State of the Art: Fine TiO2 particles have been considered as safe and to pose little risk to humans, suggesting that exposure to this materi- al is relatively harmless. However, available data in the literature showed that TiO2-NPs can cause several adverse effects on mammalian cells such as increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) pro- duction and cytokines levels, reduction of cell vi- ability and proliferation, induction of apoptosis and genotoxicity. Perspectives and Conclusions: Additional re- search is needed to obtain up-to-date knowledge on health effects of TiO2-NPs and to avoid any po- tential risk correlated to their exposure. Conse- quently, future studies need to: (1) use an homoge- neous and rigorous exposure classification to clari- fy how the physicochemical properties of TiO2-NPs correlate with their toxicological effects; (2) assess the potential adverse effects of low level expo- sures to TiO2-NPs, as most of the information cur- rently available originates from studies in which exposure levels were excessively and unrealisti- cally high; (3) identify the possible roles of TiO2- NPs in genotoxicity and carcinogenicity (4) carry out epidemiologic studies of exposed workers to provide an assessment of possible risks correlated to the occupational exposure to TiO2-NPs.

221 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
15 Feb 2002-AIDS
TL;DR: The virological benefit of genotype-guided treatment decisions in heavily pre-exposed patients was short term, and patients adherence and residual treatment options influenced outcomes.
Abstract: Objective: To establish the influence of genotypic resistance-guided treatment decisions and patient-reported adherence on the virological and immunological responses in patients failing a potent antiretroviral regimen in a randomized, controlled trial in a tertiary care infectious diseases department. Patients: A total of 174 patients with virological failure were randomly assigned to receive standard of care (SOC) or additional genotypic resistance information (G). Adherence was measured by a self-administered questionnaire. Main outcomes measures: Primary endpoints were the proportion with HIV-RNA < 500 copies/ml at 3 and 6 months by intention-to-treat analysis. Secondary endpoints were changes from baseline HIV-RNA levels and CD4 cell counts. Results: At entry, 25% had failed three or more highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens and 41% three drug classes; there were more resistance mutations in G. In 127 evaluable questionnaires, 43% reported last missed dose during the previous week. At 3 months, 11 of 89 patients (12%) in SOC and 23 of 85 (27%) in G had HIV-RNA < 500 copies/ml (OR 2.63, 95% Cl 1.12-6.26); the relative proportions were 17 and 21% at 6 months. CD4 cell changes did not differ between arms. Six month CD4 cell changes were +62 in adherent and -13 cells/μl in non-adherent patients (P < 0.01). Being assigned to G, good adherence, previous history of virological success, fewer experienced HAART regimens and lower baseline viral load were independently predictive of 3 month virological success. Conclusion: The virological benefit of genotype-guided treatment decisions in heavily pre-exposed patients was short term. Patients adherence and residual treatment options influenced outcomes.

221 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The focus of the present preview was on the initial applicability in current clinical practice and on future perspectives of this new technology for different treatment sites, considered a groundbreaking new technology that is capable of creating new perspectives towards an individualized, patient-oriented planning and treatment approach.
Abstract: Magnetic Resonance-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) marks the beginning of a new era. MR is a versatile and suitable imaging modality for radiotherapy, as it enables direct visualization of the tumor and the surrounding organs at risk. Moreover, MRgRT provides real-time imaging to characterize and eventually track anatomical motion. Nevertheless, the successful translation of new technologies into clinical practice remains challenging. To date, the initial availability of next-generation hybrid MR-linac (MRL) systems is still limited and therefore, the focus of the present preview was on the initial applicability in current clinical practice and on future perspectives of this new technology for different treatment sites. MRgRT can be considered a groundbreaking new technology that is capable of creating new perspectives towards an individualized, patient-oriented planning and treatment approach, especially due to the ability to use daily online adaptation strategies. Furthermore, MRL systems overcome the limitations of conventional image-guided radiotherapy, especially in soft tissue, where target and organs at risk need accurate definition. Nevertheless, some concerns remain regarding the additional time needed to re-optimize dose distributions online, the reliability of the gating and tracking procedures and the interpretation of functional MR imaging markers and their potential changes during the course of treatment. Due to its continuous technological improvement and rapid clinical large-scale application in several anatomical settings, further studies may confirm the potential disruptive role of MRgRT in the evolving oncological environment.

221 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is reported that heterozygous germline mutations in CBL, a tumor-suppressor gene that is mutated in myeloid malignancies and encodes a multivalent adaptor protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, can underlie a phenotype with clinical features fitting or partially overlapping Noonan syndrome (NS).
Abstract: RAS signaling plays a key role in controlling appropriate cell responses to extracellular stimuli and participates in early and late developmental processes. Although enhanced flow through this pathway has been established as a major contributor to oncogenesis, recent discoveries have revealed that aberrant RAS activation causes a group of clinically related developmental disorders characterized by facial dysmorphism, a wide spectrum of cardiac disease, reduced growth, variable cognitive deficits, ectodermal and musculoskeletal anomalies, and increased risk for certain malignancies. Here, we report that heterozygous germline mutations in CBL, a tumor-suppressor gene that is mutated in myeloid malignancies and encodes a multivalent adaptor protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, can underlie a phenotype with clinical features fitting or partially overlapping Noonan syndrome (NS), the most common condition of this disease family. Independent CBL mutations were identified in two sporadic cases and two families from among 365 unrelated subjects who had NS or suggestive features and were negative for mutations in previously identified disease genes. Phenotypic heterogeneity and variable expressivity were documented. Mutations were missense changes altering evolutionarily conserved residues located in the RING finger domain or the linker connecting this domain to the N-terminal tyrosine kinase binding domain, a known mutational hot spot in myeloid malignancies. Mutations were shown to affect CBL-mediated receptor ubiquitylation and dysregulate signal flow through RAS. These findings document that germline mutations in CBL alter development to cause a clinically variable condition that resembles NS and that possibly predisposes to malignancies.

221 citations


Authors

Showing all 13795 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Peter J. Barnes1941530166618
Cornelia M. van Duijn1831030146009
Dennis R. Burton16468390959
Paolo Boffetta148145593876
Massimo Antonelli130127279319
David B. Audretsch12667172456
Piero Anversa11541260220
Marco Pahor11247646549
David L. Paterson11173968485
Alfonso Caramazza10845139280
Anthony A. Amato10591157881
Stefano Pileri10063543369
Giovanni Gasbarrini9889436395
Giampaolo Merlini9668440324
Silvio Donato9686041166
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023106
2022276
20213,228
20202,935
20192,170
20181,907