Showing papers by "Celal Bayar University published in 2005"
TL;DR: The hypothesis that BDNF might play a critical role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder and successful antidepressant treatment increases the attenuated BDNF levels in depressed patients is supported.
Abstract: Researchers have reported that serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (sBDNF) of drug-free depressed patients are lower than those of healthy controls and proposed that low sBDNF levels might reflect failure of neuronal plasticity in depression. In this study, we compared sBDNF levels of depressed patients (n = 28) before and after 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment, with those of healthy controls (n = 18) to test the hypothesis that initially low sBDNF levels of drug-free depressed patients will increase parallel with their clinical response to antidepressant treatment. The severity of depression and response to treatment were assessed with Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). sBDNF was assayed with the sandwich ELISA method. Baseline sBDNF levels of patients (mean, 20.8 ng/ml; [S.D., 6.7]) were significantly lower than those of controls (mean, 26.8 ng/ml; [S.D., 9.3]; p = 0.015), and were negatively correlated with HAM-D scores (r = -0.49, p = 0.007). After 8 weeks of treatment, sBDNF levels of patients had increased significantly (mean, 33.3 ng/ml; [S.D., 9.9]; p < 0.001) and no longer differed from those of controls. These results support the hypothesis that BDNF might play a critical role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder and successful antidepressant treatment increases the attenuated BDNF levels in depressed patients.
360 citations
TL;DR: This study shows that venlafaxine treatment of depression improves serum BDNF level which may be considered as a nonspecific peripheral marker of depression.
Abstract: Recent studies suggested a role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in depression. While BDNF levels are lower in depressed patients, antidepressant treatment increases serum BDNF levels of depressed patients. Our study aims to test the effect of chronic venlafaxine treatment on serum BDNF levels in patients with a major depressive disorder. Ten patients diagnosed as major depressive disorder according to DSM-IV are included in the study. Two of the patients had their first episode and were drug-naive, the other eight patients were drug-free for at least 4 weeks. The severity of depression was assessed with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). The control group consisted of ten age- and sex-matched subjects without any psychiatric disorder. Blood samples were collected at the baseline and after 12 weeks of antidepressant treatment (during remission). At the baseline the mean serum BDNF level was 17.9+/-9.1 ng/ml and the mean HDRS score was 23.2+/-4.6. Serum BDNF levels of the study group were significantly lower than in the control group (31.6+/-8.6 ng/ml). At the end of the study, the mean serum BDNF level was 34.6+/-7.1 ng/ml whereas the mean HDRS score was 8.2+/-3.9. From the baseline to the remission after 12 weeks of treatment, the increase in serum BDNF level and the decrease in HDRS score were statistically significant, respectively. When we compared the serum BDNF level of depressed patients at remission to that of the controls, there was no statistically significant difference. This study shows that venlafaxine treatment of depression improves serum BDNF level which may be considered as a nonspecific peripheral marker of depression.
316 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the changes in areal bone mineral density (BMD), gonadal steroids, bone formation markers, and growth parameters in healthy Turkish pubertal girls and boys at different Pubertal stages were determined.
Abstract: Puberty has a key role in bone development. During puberty, several nutritional and hormonal factors play a major role in this process. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in areal bone mineral density (BMD), gonadal steroids, bone formation markers, and growth parameters in healthy Turkish pubertal girls and boys at different pubertal stages. In additional, we aimed to detect the relationship between BMD, sex steroids, and growth parameters, and to reveal the most important determinant of BMD in the pubertal period. BMD of the lumbar spine and total body was performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar DPX series) in 174 healthy pubertal children (91 girls, 83 boys), aged 11-15 years. Height and weight were measured. Pubertal stages were assesed. Bone formation markers and gonadal steroids were measured. BMD values significantly increased until stage IV in girls. In boys, BMD values also increased during puberty (P < 0.05), but it was significantly higher in stage IV compared with that in other pubertal stages (P < 0.01). Testosterone levels increased until stage IV in both sexes, particularly in boys. Estrogen levels significantly increased during puberty in girls, whereas it was significantly higher at stage IV in boys (P < 0.001). Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) level was higher in early and midpuberty, and decreased in late puberty in girls (P < 0.001). BAP level was higher in stage IV in boys. Osteocalcin level was shown not to change significantly in pubertal stages. There was a modest correlation between BMD values and estrogen and testosterone levels in boys. In girls, there was a correlation between BMD values and estrogen levels only (P < 0.05). Weight was significantly associated with BMD in both sexes (P < 0.05). Estrogen had a significant influence on BMD in boys and girls. In conclusion, bone mass increased throughout puberty in both sexes. Peak bone mass was not achieved in girls, but was obtained at stage IV in boys. Bone formation markers were good predictors of bone mass in girls, but not in boys. Estrogen level made the greatest contribution to bone mineral acquisition in boys and girls. The achievement of peak bone mass was sustained by estrogen in boys. The major independent determinant of BMD in both sexes was weight.
164 citations
TL;DR: The phytoalexin resveratrol in edible peanut and pistachio varieties grown in Turkey was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatographic diode array and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detection and formation of the cis-isomer in pistachios was higher than in peanuts.
Abstract: The phytoalexin resveratrol (3,5,4‘-trihydroxystilbene) in edible peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) varieties grown in Turkey was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatographic diode array and gas chromatography−mass spectrometric detection. trans-Resveratrol in six peanut varieties, five pistachio varieties, and four market samples ranged between 0.03 and 1.92 μg/g. The Cerezlik 5025 peanut (1.92 ± 0.01 μg/g) and Ohadi pistachio genotype (1.67 ± 0.01 μg/g) had significantly higher trans-resveratrol contents. Peanuts contained 0.03−1.92 μg/g (av = 0.84 μg/g) of trans-resveratrol, whereas pistachio contained 0.09−1.67 μg/g (av = 1.15 μg/g). With exposure to UV light for 1 min, trans-resveratrol concentrations of samples ranged from 0.02 to 1.47 μg/g and those of cis-resveratrol from 0.008 to 0.32 μg/g. The occurrence of resveratrol in peanut and pistachio was confirmed by total ion chromatograms (TIC) of bis[trimethylsilyl]trifluoroacetamide derivatives of resveratrol isome...
161 citations
TL;DR: An ethnopharmaceutical field study carried out among Turkish migrants in Cologne, western Germany, which recorded 79 botanical taxa and 115 plant-based preparations, encompassing 167 folk phytotherapeutical uses, as well as a few other biological (animal and mineral derived) remedies.
131 citations
TL;DR: Tibiofemoral instability following total knee replacement is a cause of early and late failure and usually requires revision surgery and proper prosthetic selection at the primary procedure avoids this complication.
Abstract: Tibiofemoral instability following total knee replacement has received little attention. However it is a cause of early and late failure and usually requires revision surgery. Several factors may be implicated including improper soft tissue balancing, flexion–extension gap mismatch and acute ligamentous injuries. Meticulous surgical technique and proper prosthetic selection at the primary procedure avoids this complication.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess the impact of fund and bank loan programs on economic growth using an empirical growth model that controls for other determinants of growth, and find that bank lending stimulates growth in some cases, primarily by increasing public investment.
98 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the self-administered form of the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ 25) were tested.
Abstract: Purpose: To test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the self-administered form of the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ 25). Methods: Patients with no limitations to respond to a health status interview and affected by a chronic eye disease were enrolled. The Turkish versions of the abbreviated form of World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) and the NEI-VFQ 25 instruments were administered to all participants. Results: The mean (SD) age of the participants was 60.9 (14.5) years. There were 61 patients with one of the following conditions: Cataract (57.4%), diabetic retinopathy (13.2%), age related macular degeneration (ARMD) (11.4%), glaucoma (9.8%) and degenerative myopia (8.2%). The Cronbach alpha of the overall scale was 0.97; the Cronbach alpha ranged from 0.94 to 0.78 for the subscales. The physical, psychological, environmental and social domains of the WHOQOL-BREF had fair to good correlations with the NEI-VFQ 25 (r = 0.68 to r = 0....
94 citations
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that technical and tactical training consisted of very low exercise intensities, and coaches can structure heart rate zones that can help determine the individualized exercise intensity for their players as well as estimate overall exercise intensity during soccer training.
Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the physiologic strain on players during various soccer training activities. Ten soccer players from the first division soccer league of Turkey were used as subjects. The heart rate responses were measured during 4 types of soccer training. First, the heart rates that corresponded to a blood lactate concentration of both 2 and 4 mM were measured, and then, during the 4 types of training, they were correlated with the proportion of time that the heart rate was below the 2-mM lactate line, between the 2- and 4-mM lactate lines, and above the 4-mM lactate line. Mean heart rates during friendly match, modified game, tactical training, and technical training activities were 157 +/- 19, 135 +/- 28, 126 +/- 21, and 118 +/- 21 b.min(-1), respectively. The differences between all of these soccer training activities were statistically significant (p < or = 0.01). The results demonstrate that (a) technical and tactical training consisted of very low exercise intensities (most of the heart rates were below the 4-mM lactate level) and (b) the percentages of time that the heart rate correlated to a point above the 4-mM lactate reference level during the friendly match and modified game were 49.6 +/- 27.1% and 23.9 +/- 24.5%, respectively. The practical implications of these findings are that, by using 2- to 4-mM reference lines, coaches can structure heart rate zones that can help determine the individualized exercise intensity for their players as well as estimate overall exercise intensity during soccer training.
91 citations
TL;DR: To investigate the respective roles of the mode of delivery and strength of pelvic floor muscles in the sexual function of women, a large number of studies have been conducted on vaginal delivery and pelvic floor muscle strength.
86 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The aim of this study was to determine the change in antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates from patients with community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) for the years 1998 through 2003 and to suggest that the current empirical antibiotic therapy used for these patients is inappropriate.
Abstract: Urinary tract infections are among the most common infections with an increasing resistance to antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to determine the change in antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates from patients with community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) for the years 1998 through 2003 and to suggest that the current empirical antibiotic therapy used for these patients is inappropriate. During the study period, 7,335 community urine samples of which 1,203 (16.4%) grew bacterial isolates were analyzed. Among the total of 1,203 isolates, 880 (73.2%) were E. coli. The range of resistance of E. coli to ampicillin was 47.8 to 64.6% and that to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was 37.1 to 44.6% during the study period. The susceptibility pattern of E. coli to nitrofurantoin and cefuroxime did not vary significantly over the 6-year period. There was a significant increase in the susceptibility of E. coli to ciprofloxacin (11.3 - 26.7%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (18.4 - 29.2%) and gentamicin (7.0 - 25.6%) (P < 0.05). Empirical initial treatment with ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was thus inadequate in approximately half of UTI cases in our region.
[...]
TL;DR: A retrospective clinical trial was performed to delineate Colonic atresia cases and a literature survey was carried out to reach 224 cases of CA, including the cases of 9 newborns with CA treated in the authors' center.
TL;DR: This study demonstrates that female patients with FM have distinct sexual dysfunction compared with healthy controls and coexistent major depression has no additional negative effect on sexual function.
TL;DR: The results indicated that to incubate eggs from younger parents at HIT before conditioning at 5 d may reduce deleterious effects of heat stress on body weight at slaughter age, and HIT temperature decreased slaughter weight of broilers from older parents regardless of rearing temperature.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the menarche occurs earlier in the daughters than their mothers, and the correlation between theMenarcheal age of the girls and their mothers persists under all circumstances except in obesity.
Abstract: Background Menarche is one of the most important biologic signals in the life of a woman. Menarche is a biological variable which has a significant genotypic component in girls. In recent years, many studies reporting the earlier onset of menarche owing to the improvement of socio-economic conditions have been published.
Design We asked some questions about menarche to 1017 female students studying in the high schools of Manisa region in order to determine the menarcheal age and the correlation of menarcheal age between the mothers and daughters in our region.
Results The mean age at menarche for the girls was 12.82 ± 1.07 years and for the mothers was 13.6 ± 1.39 years. The mean menarcheal age of the mothers was higher than the mean menarcheal age of the girls (P 25 (r = 0.04, P = 0.813). In girls with BMI < 25, there was a correlation between the menarcheal age of the girls and mothers (r = 0.282, P < 0.001).
Conclusion These results suggest that the menarche occurs earlier in the daughters than their mothers. The correlation between the menarcheal age of the girls and their mothers persists under all circumstances except in obesity. The mother's menarcheal age is a good predictor of the daughter's menarcheal age in non-obese girls and the BMI is an important factor.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Th2-originated IL-4 and IL-5 levels responsible for the allergic inflammatory response in the microenvironment of patients with AR, are decreased with Glucan while levels of Th1-origination IL-12 are increased, while eosinophils, which are important effector cells of the inflammatory response, are decreases in themicroenvironment.
Abstract: Background. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a disease characterized by IgE-mediated, allergic inflamma- tion of the nasal mucosa. T helper (Th) 2 cells play an important role in the development of IgE-mediated diseases such as AR, with local overproduction of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) at the site of allergic inflammation. Th1 cytokines (IL-12 and IFN-c) are known to suppress this Th2 immune response, aiding the treatment of these diseases. b-1,3-1,6-glucan (Glucan) is an immunomodulator stimulating particularly the antitumor response. An efficient antitumor stimulation can be achieved through a Th1-mediated immune response. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Glucan on the immunopathogenic processes in the microenvironment to determine if it reverses the Th2-mediated immune response in AR to Th1-mediated response. Methods. 24 Olea europea mono-sensitized patients with AR were randomized into Glucan and placebo groups. The Glucan group consisted of 12 patients who received Glucan treatment for 12 weeks, while the placebo group of 12 patients received placebo during the same period. A nasal provocation test (NPT) with Olea europea was performed at the beginning and end of treatment, and nasal lavage followed the positive NPT. IL-4, IL-5, IFN-c and IL-12 levels and the eosinophil count (%) were measured in nasal lavage fluid (NLF) samples. Simultaneously, peripheral blood eosinophil % values were measured. Results. After treatment, IL-4 and IL-5 levels in NLF from the Glucan group were found to have decreased significantly (p = 0.027, p = 0.04; respectively), while IL-12 levels were found to have significantly increased (p = 0.008). However, IFN-c levels had not changed. On the other hand, none of the cytokine levels had changed significantly in the placebo group following treatment. Moreover, the percentage of eosinophils in the NLF was found to have decreased significantly after treatment in the Glucan group (p = 0.01), while that of the placebo group did not change. Peripheral blood percentage eosinophil levels had not changed significantly in any group. Conclusion. Th2-originated IL-4 and IL-5 levels responsible for the allergic inflammatory response in the microenvironment of patients with AR, are decreased with Glucan while levels of Th1-originated IL-12 are increased. Moreover, eosinophils, which are important effector cells of the inflammatory response, are decreased in the microenvironment. As a result, Glucan may have a role as an adjunct to standard treatment in patients with AR.
TL;DR: Approval and evaluation of ligaments advancement and tightening procedures, as well as isolated polyethylene exchange, and related procedures, are provided.
Abstract: . . . . . . 336 . . . . . . 336 . . . . . . 336 . . . . . . 337 . . . . . . 337 . . . . . . 338 . . . . . . 339 . . . . . . 339 . . . . . . 339 . . . . . . 339 1. Summary of part 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Diagnosis and patient evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1. Clinical evaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2. Radiological assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3. Additional diagnostic studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1. Ligaments advancement and tightening procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2. Isolated polyethylene exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3. Revision of components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4. Attenuated or incompetent collateral ligaments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
TL;DR: The results suggest that premature coronary artery disease is associated with the Glu298Asp polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene in the population.
TL;DR: Water quality and the distribution of some heavy metals in three different organs of Lepomis gibbosus from the Çine Stream were studied and a significant decrease in mean length of primary and secondary lamellae were observed.
Abstract: Water quality and the distribution of some heavy metals in three different organs of Lepomis gibbosus from the Cine Stream were studied. Also, histopathological changes in gill, liver, and muscle tissue were examined at light microscopical level. Micronucleus (MN) formation in fish erytrocytes, as an indicator of chromosomal damage, has been increasingly used to detect the genotoxic potential of environmental contaminants. The frequency of MN was examined from samples of fish from the Cine Stream and a control group. MN frequency was higher in fish samples caught from the Cine Stream than that in the control group. The chemicals ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and sulphate were determined as parameters that possibly affect the gill, liver, and muscle morphology. Zn was the most accumulated metal in tissues as well as in water. Maximum metal accumulation occured in both liver and gills. For histopathological examinations, samples of gills, liver, and muscle tissues of L. gibbosus were studied by using light microscopy. In this study, a significant decrease in mean length of primary and secondary lamellae were observed. Moreover, cellular proliferation developed with secondary lamellae fusion, ballooning degenerations or club deformation of secondary lamellae, as well as distribution of necrotic, hyperplastic and clavate secondary lamellae. In the liver, altered staining, swollen and ruptured parenchymal cells, loss of cord structure, reduce of glycogen in hepatocytes, and vacuolar structure filled with cellular debris and many dark particles were seen. In muscle tissue, focal necrosis, cellular dissolution, and a decline or loss of striatation in muscle fibres were found. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 20: 560–571, 2005.
TL;DR: This study indicates a synergistic contribution of RAS genes (ACE I/D, AGT T/M, AT1R T/C) and eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphisms to the development of the premature CAD.
TL;DR: The findings indicate a synergistic contribution of ACE DD and AGT MM polymorphisms to the development of premature CHD and suggest that family history, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, obesity and ACE DD genotype were independent risk factors for prematureCHD.
Abstract: IntroductionExperimental and clinical studies demonstrated that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) affects the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and prognosis of coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to investigate the genotype distribution and the allele frequencies of three RAS genes polymorphisms and their effects on premature CHD in a Turkish population.Materials and methodsOne-hundred and fifteen Turkish patients with premature CHD and 128 controls were included into the study. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor and angiotensinogen (AGT) gene polymorphisms were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR ) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).ResultsThe patients group showed an increased frequency of the ACE D allele compared with controls (65% vs. 35%, p=0.0001). There was a significant association between the DD genotype and premature CHD (ACE DD vs. ID and II; odds ratio [OR]=2.82 [CI 95% 1.33—2.91, p=0.002]). Also, we observed i...
TL;DR: Hypertension per se seems to cause less impairment than expected in HRQL, and the impact of every other condition is similar to the same condition when it is pure.
TL;DR: In this paper, the plasmon resonance peak characteristic of copper nanoparticles was measured using the RBS data and nonlinear optical absorption from the Cu nanoparticles were found to be compatible with the semiconductor aspects of ZnO.
Abstract: Copper nanoparticles have been formed in a zinc oxide (ZnO) substrate by Cu implantation at 160 keV. The implant layer shows amorphised behaviour as monitored by the RBS data and optical absorption indicates the surface plasmon resonance peak characteristic of copper nanoparticles. There is nonlinear optical absorption from the Cu nanoparticles. There are numerous changes in the luminescence responses which include a variety of green and yellow emission bands. During excitation there were changes in the cathodoluminescence intensity and lifetime influenced by the surface events, including some unusual features, which may be considered in terms of interactions with surface water and ice. Radioluminescence signals oscillate between the normal emission bands and the wide red line emission from free Zn. Overall ZnO is, therefore, an unexpectedly interesting host for dispersed Cu nanoparticles, not least because the optical features may be compatible with the semiconductor aspects of ZnO.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effects of sociopolitical instability on growth, for a panel of countries over a 30-year period, and found that political violence has the greatest adverse effects on growth.
TL;DR: In this paper, a brackish water desalination plant in California that incorporates RO, NF, and EDR units was analyzed thermodynamically using actual plant operation data.
TL;DR: Serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism and the relationship between free triiodsothyronine, FT3, free thyroxine, and thyrotropin levels and the degree of skeletal muscle involvement were evaluated, as determined by serum CK levels.
Abstract: The aims of this prospective study were to determine serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism; to investigate the change in CK levels with treatment; and to eval...
TL;DR: Although children with ATH do not have significant growth retardation, their growth rate is slower, and increase in weight and IGF-1 levels followed by the increase in height leads to an acceleration in growth rate after A&T.
TL;DR: The results suggest that LTA that is used additionally in routine treatment protocol can produce additive improvement on PFT, dyspnea score and especially QoL in patients with stable COPD and for these reasons, LTA may be taken into account when there is need for an additional anti-inflammatory treatment in COPD patients.
TL;DR: Improve in sexual function as a variable of QoL may accompany the treatment of symptoms in patients with ARC, and correlation between improvement in CSSs and NSSs and that of SFSs was determined.
Abstract: Background Sexual dysfunction in chronic diseases has recently attracted attention owing to its impact on quality of life (QoL). Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) affects QoL, causing limitations in many areas. However, there has not been research on changes in sexual function in patients with ARC. Objective To report the effect of ARC and its treatment on sexual function in men and women. Methods Forty-three sexually active patients with seasonal ARC aged 22 to 49 years were included in the study. The control group was composed of 40 healthy individuals aged 22 to 46 years. Conjunctival symptom scores (CSSs) and nasal symptom scores (NSSs) of patients with symptomatic ARC were determined, as were sexual function scores (SFSs) using the Female Sexual Function Index and the International Index of Erectile Function during allergen exposure in the pollination period and after treatment with oral desloratadine, 5 mg/d, for 30 days. The SFSs were evaluated in the control group. Results The CSSs and NSSs significantly improved in treated ARC ( P P = .003). In men, International Index of Erectile Function results in treated ARC ( P = .001) and controls ( P P = .007 for women; P = .001 for men). Conclusion Improvement in sexual function as a variable of QoL may accompany the treatment of symptoms in patients with ARC.
TL;DR: It is suggested that asymptomatic hepatitis B virus carriers need emotional support, as they are more likely to have psychiatric disorders and have significantly higher depression and anxiety scores than comparison subjects.