Showing papers by "Celal Bayar University published in 2006"
TL;DR: By using the CHBMS constructs for assessment, primary health care providers can more easily understand the beliefs that influence women's BSE and mammography practice.
Abstract: Breast cancer appears to be a disease of both the developing and developed worlds. Among Turkish women, breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to determine levels of knowledge about breast cancer and to evaluate health beliefs concerning the model that promotes breast self- examination (BSE) and mammography in a group of women aged 20–64 in a rural area of western Turkey. 244 women were recruited by means of cluster sampling in this study. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic variables, a risk factors and signs of breast cancer form and the adapted version of Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). Bivariate correlation analysis, Chi square test, Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression analysis were performed throughout the data analysis. The mean age of the women was 37.7 ± 13.7. 49.2% of women were primary school graduates, 67.6% were married. Although 76.6% of the women in this study reported that they had heard or read about breast cancer, our study revealed that only 56.1% of them had sufficient knowledge of breast cancer, half of whom had acquired the information from health professionals. Level of breast cancer knowledge was the only variable significantly associated with the BSE and mammography practice (p = 0.011, p = 0.007). BSE performers among the study group were more likely to be women who exhibited higher confidence and perceived greater benefits from BSE practice, and those who perceived fewer barriers to BSE performance and possessed knowledge of breast cancer. By using the CHBMS constructs for assessment, primary health care providers can more easily understand the beliefs that influence women's BSE and mammography practice.
309 citations
TL;DR: The removal of heavy metals from wastewater using olive cake as an adsorbent was investigated to determine the optimum sorption conditions for two elements, Pb(II) and Cd(II).
223 citations
TL;DR: The authors found that the relationship between growth and democratic institutions is sensitive to sample selection and estimation technique, and that countries with democratic institutions do enjoy superior growth performance when an identical sample of countries is used, while adopting democratic institutions does not appear to improve growth performance.
193 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of important design parameters such as flow rate, solution pH and particle size of adsorbent was studied using fixed-bed adsorption and the results indicated that the waste acorn of Quercus ithaburensis can be used as an effective and environmentally friendly adorbent for the treatment of Cr(VI) containing wastewaters.
164 citations
TL;DR: This study tested the linguistic validation of the Turkish version of the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) for Turkish speaking dermatology patients.
Abstract: Background The aim of this study was to test the linguistic validation of the Turkish version of the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) for Turkish speaking dermatology patients.
Methods The DLQI is a 10-item dermatology specific index developed originally in English. The methodology of this study consists of four consecutive sections: Translation, cognitive debriefing, field testing and statistical analysis. Translation steps: (a) Two forward independent translations into Turkish, (b) reconciliation of these translations by a dermatologist, (c) backward translation of the consensus Turkish version by a bilingual person into its original language (English), (d) and comparing the original questionnaire with the backward translated one. Cognitive debriefing: Sessions were performed on five patients from each of the seven different dermatological diagnosis groups. Field testing: The final Turkish version on which the face validity was approved by specialists on a total of 79 inpatients/outpatients with various dermatological diagnoses treated at Celal Bayar University Hospital. Statistical analysis: Internal consistency (using Cronbach a) and item–total score correlations (Pearson correlation) were used for reliability analysis. Validity analysis was carried out by construct testing (principal components factor analysis), convergent (Pearson correlation) and (discriminate Student's t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test) validity, and SF-36 was used in parallel with DLQI in order to test convergent validity. The data were analyzed by the SPSS version 10.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) statistical package.
Results The mean age of the patients in the study was 30.77 ± 15.91 years; the mean score of DLQI was 7.61 ± 6.12. The median of item–total correlation coefficient was found to be 0.66, within a range of 0.48–0.81. The internal consistency of the index was found to be highly sufficient (α = 0.85). The DLQI was found to be highly related to the physical domain of SF-36. Life quality score was found to be significantly low for the inpatients compared with outpatients (differential validity).
Conclusion It was found that the Turkish version of the DLQI was an acceptable index for dermatologists and dermatology patients and, moreover, to be valid and reliable in a cross-sectional level. The responsiveness of the Turkish version of the DLQI needs to be tested further on a variety of dermatological conditions with different severities.
116 citations
TL;DR: Different partial differential equations are solved under the view of these methods and compared with the approximate solution and analytic solution.
105 citations
TL;DR: Occurrence of hematoma in the epidural space is common after lumbar disc surgery even if meticulous hemostasis has been achieved, and this may have practical implications for the prevention of significant postoperative fibrosis and obtaining better surgical outcome.
Abstract: ObjectiveIn this prospective, observer-masked clinical study, we evaluated if insertion of a drain had a significant role in decreasing the existence and the size of postoperative epidural hematoma, which is believed to be a factor causing epidural fibrosis in patients undergoing lumbar discectomy.M
102 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the thickness, microhardness and microstructure of the boride layer of cast irons were investigated and the wear behavior of the irons was investigated on a pin-on disk test apparatus.
98 citations
TL;DR: In this article, track etch film (CR-39) was used to determine the distribution of radon levels in dwellings in central Manisa and the average annual effective dose equivalents from the calculated outdoor terrestrial gamma radiation for a person in Manisa is 66 μ Sv, whilst the annual average effective dose equivalent from 222Rn is calculated to be 4.83 mSv/yr.
98 citations
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, the incidence of Toxoplasma gondii among the population who were involved in a traffic accident while driving was investigated among a total of 185 people (100 men and 85 women), aged between 21 and 40 years, living in Izmir and Manisa cities, during a period of 6 months time.
Abstract: In Turkey, traffic accidents are the major causes of mortality and morbidity. According to the statistics made by Turkish Security Headquarters in the year 2000, 7500 people are killed in the traffic accidents every year. Drivers are mostly blamed for the traffic accidents. Tired, weary, sleepy and absentminded driving are common reasons for traffic accidents due to many reasons. Among these reasons mental and reflex conditions of drivers are significant. Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common zoonoses throughout the world. In immunocomponent adults, toxoplasmosis has no clinical signs or symptoms and infection in such people can only be detected by serological examinations. This kind of latent or dormant toxoplasmosis can be located in neural or muscular tissues and cause prolonged reaction times of the muscles. Extended reaction times also lead to deceleration of the reflexes which could be a major cause of the traffic accidents. By the light of this situation, the incidence of Toxoplasma gondii is investigated among the population who were involved in a traffic accident while driving. A total of 185 people (100 men and 85 women), aged between 21 and 40 years, living in Izmir and Manisa cities, were enrolled in the study group (SG) during a period of 6 months time. Their informed consents were taken initially and the laboratory tests of all these individuals related to blood alcohol levels after the accidents were found negative. The control group (CG) were also consisted 185 people (95 men and 90 women), residents of the same region, in same age group. The people in CG had no clinical signs or symptoms concerning toxoplasmosis. All collected sera were examined using a commercial IgG and IgM ELISA kit. According to the results of serological tests of the SG, 45 (24.32%) sera were IgG positive, six (3.24%) were IgM positive and 10 (5.40%) were both IgG and IgM positive. On the other hand in CG, 12 (6.48%) people found IgG positive, one (0.54%) found IgM positive and three (1.62%) found both IgG and IgM positive. This data was considered as statistically significant by Yates corrected Χ 2 -test. (p < 0.05). In conclusion, there is an increased risk for traffic accidents for drivers owing to these high seroprevalence of latent toxoplasmosis. Prospective studies are still necessary on this subject but latent toxoplasmosis of drivers should be taken into account while developing strategies to prevent traffic accidents in Turkey.
92 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that patients with psoriasis, especially females have distinct sexual dysfunction compared with healthy controls, and coexistent depression has no additional negative effect on sexual dysfunction in the authors' patients.
Abstract: Psoriasis can have a significant impact upon sexual function. The aim of this study was to investigate sexual function in females and males with psoriasis and to evaluate whether coexistent depression has an additional negative effect on sexual function in these patients. A total of 66 female subjects (39 with psoriasis and 27 healthy volunteers as a control group) and 70 male subjects (39 with psoriasis and 31 healthy volunteers as a control group) were enrolled in the study. A Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was used to determine the severity of psoriasis for the patient groups. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used to assess female sexual function and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) was used to evaluate male sexual function. Quality of life was assessed with the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). The diagnosis of depression was made according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I) interview and Hamilton Depression Rate Scale (HDRS) was used for grading depression. FSFI total score was found to be significantly decreased in female psoriatic patients without depression and psoriatic patients plus depression compared with healthy controls (24.09 +/- 5.33 vs. 24.25 +/- 4.52 vs. 28.12 +/- 3.48, respectively, p = 0.004). However, FSFI score was not significantly different between patients with psoriasis without depression and those with psoriasis plus depression (p > 0.05). IIEF total score was also found to be significantly decreased in male psoriasis without depression and psoriasis plus depression patients compared with healthy controls (54.21 +/- 13.07 vs. 52.0 +/- 14.73 vs. 61.69 +/- 9.49, respectively, p = 0.023). The difference in IIEF scores between patients with psoriasis without depression and in those with psoriasis plus depression were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The results of the study demonstrated that patients with psoriasis, especially females have distinct sexual dysfunction compared with healthy controls, and coexistent depression has no additional negative effect on sexual dysfunction in our patients. Patients with psoriasis should be evaluated in terms of sexual function in order to provide a better quality of life.
TL;DR: In this paper, the incidence of Toxoplasma gondii among the population who were involved in a traffic accident while driving was investigated among a total of 185 people (100 men and 85 women), aged between 21 and 40 years, living in Izmir and Manisa cities, during a period of 6 months time.
TL;DR: In this paper, the optimal TSR and the power factor of a wind turbine were predicted using artificial neural networks (ANN) based on the parameters involved for NACA 4415 and LS-1 profile types with 3 and 4 blades.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of ageing conditions at various temperatures, load, sliding speed, abrasive grit diameter in 6351 aluminum alloy have been investigated by using artificial neural networks.
TL;DR: The age of the radiolarian assemblage from a tectonic block of chert-mudstone alternation associated with OIB-type basalts within the Dagkuplu melange is assigned to early Berriasian - early Hauterivian, based on the cooccurrence of radiolarians taxa as Angulobracchia sp. cf. Tethysetta boesii as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The Dagkuplu Melange in the Central Sakarya Valley represents the northernmost outcrops of the Izmir-Ankara Suture Belt in northwest Anatolia. In addition to blocks and slivers of serpentinite, gabbro, blueschist, neritic and pelagic limestones, it includes blocks of basic volcanic rocks associated with radiolarian cherts, pelagic carbonates and mudstones.
The preliminary geochemical data revealed the existence of a variety of basaltic rocks with magma types ranging in composition of MORB, IAT, OIB and CAB, in the melange.
The age of the radiolarian assemblage from a tectonic block of chert-mudstone alternation associated with OIB-type basalts within the melange is assigned to early Berriasian - early Hauterivian, based on the co-occurrence of radiolarian taxa as Angulobracchia sp. cf. A. (?) portmanni, Godia nodocentrum, Pantanellium masirahense, Thanarla brouweri, Pseudoeucyrtis hanni, Svinitzium mizutanii, Mirifusus dianae s.l., Tethysetta boesii. Another block of chert-mudstone alternation associated with MORB-type basalts includes the following Cenomanian radiolarian fauna: Thanarla pulchra, Novixitus mclaughlini, Pseudodictyomitra pseudomacrocephala, Pseudodictyomitra tiara, Stichomitra communis.
New findings from the Central Sakarya area combined with previous data of the authors reveal that the Izmir-Ankara Ocean started to open already in the Late Triassic. The formation of OIB-type intra-plate seamounts within the Izmir-Ankara Ocean began in late Bathonian and persisted until early Aptian. The the intra-oceanic subduction and the generation of supra-subduction-type volcanism started in early Santonian and the spreading-ridge of the Izmir-Ankara Ocean plate was not subducted until the Cenomanian.
TL;DR: In this article, the wear amounts of Mo coatings deposited on ductile iron substrates using an atmospheric plasma-spray system were investigated for different loads and environment conditions, and the numerical results obtained via a neural network model were compared with the experimental results.
TL;DR: The results suggest that there is no significant association between TM and testicular cancer, although it is difficult to rule out such an association without further studies with a longer follow-up period.
Abstract: Testicular microlithiasis is a rare, usually asymptomatic, finding of the testes associated with various genetic anomalies and infertility It is also widely believed that testicular microlithiasis is strongly associated with testicular tumor The aim of this prospective study was to determine the true prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in an asymptomatic population by means of ultrasound screening Healthy male volunteers (17–42 years old) were recruited from the annual Army Reserve Officer Training Corps training camp at Manisa, Turkey A screening genitourinary history was obtained and a physical examination and screening scrotal ultrasound scan were performed All men diagnosed with testicular microlithiasis underwent complete clinical evaluations, physical examinations and determination of tumor markers Fifty-three men with testicular microlithiasis were identified from the 2179 ultrasound scans, giving a prevalence of testicular microlithiasis of 24% in this asymptomatic population The age (
TL;DR: Patients with schizophrenia were worse with respect to social relationships than bipolar patients and diabetics, and the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life Questionnaire is useful for evaluating the needs and targets for interventions in psychiatric patients.
Abstract: Decreased quality of life is often an important cause or consequence of psychiatric illness, and needs to be included in a comprehensive treatment plan. The authors aimed to identify how psy- chiatric patients characterize the quality of their lives compared to others who are suffering from a chronic physical illness (diabetes) and healthy individuals. A total of 100 psychiatric patients were recruited from Dokuz Eylul University Psychiatry Department outpatient clinic. Of these, 34 had 4 th edition Diagnostic and Statistical Manual diagnosis of alcohol dependence, 38 had schizophre- nia, and 28 had bipolar disorder. A total of 35 patients with diabetes and 49 healthy individuals were also included in the study. The World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire was used to measure the quality of life. Patients with alcohol dependence, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia scored lower than healthy subjects on the physical aspects of quality of life. Patients with schizophrenia had lower scores in the psychological domain compared to patients with bipolar disorder, patients with diabetes, and healthy subjects. In the social relationship domain, patients with schizophrenia and alcohol dependence scored lower compared to healthy subjects. Patients with schizophrenia were worse with respect to social relationships than bipolar patients and dia- betics. World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire is useful for evaluating the needs and targets for interventions in psychiatric patients.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It was shown that both CLA and exercise were effective in improvement of body composition and these effects were cumulated when they have been used together.
Abstract: Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accruing effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation and aerobic exercise (Ex) on body composition and serum lipid profile in humans. Methods. Forty-four healthy female young subjects were divided ExCLA, CLA, Ex and control (C) groups. The groups of CLA and ExCLA were supplemented with 3.6 g/d CLA whilst ExCLA and Ex groups were exercised for 30 min -1 ·3 days -1 . week -1 for 6 weeks. Results. After the study period, fat ratio, fat mass, waist and hip girths were reduced in all experimental groups and fat-free mass induced in ExCLA and CLA groups and body weight was reduced in the CLA group when compared to baseline levels. These alterations were significantly different than those of controls with the highest variations were observed in the ExCLA. There was no change in serum leptin, apo-AI, apo-B, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, free fatty acid, and triglyceride levels. Serum glucose concentrations of ExCLA and CLA groups and insulin level of ExCLA group decreased significantly as compared to baseline levels with only serum glucose reduction of both groups were significantly different than those of controls (P<0.05). Endurance performance significantly increased in ExCLA and Ex groups (P<0.01) but did not vary in the CLA and controls. Conclusions. It was shown that both CLA and exercise were effective in improvement of body composition and these effects were cumulated when they have been used together. CLA supplementation alone or with exercise seems effective on serum glucose and insulin concentrations but ineffective on endurance performance.
TL;DR: In this article, a newly prepared tissue-equivalent, highly sensitive thermoluminescence dosimeter, Li2B4O7:Cu,Ag,P, is presented.
Abstract: Key characteristics of a newly prepared tissue-equivalent, highly sensitive thermoluminescence dosimeter, Li2B4O7:Cu,Ag,P, are presented. The material was developed at the Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, in the form of sintered pellets. A new preparation procedure has greatly increased the sensitivity of the basic copper activated lithium borate and the glow curve of Li2B4O7 : Cu,Ag,P consists of a well-defined main dosimetric peak situated at about 460–465 K with a sensitivity which is about four to five times higher than that of LiF : Mg,Ti (TLD-100). The exceptionally good response features of Li2B4O7 : Cu,Ag,P are attributed to the incorporation of Cu as a dopant. Both low and high temperature emission spectra are presented and the origins of the various emission bands are considered. Additional data are provided from electron paramagnetic resonance measurements.
TL;DR: From the present study it was found that Rubia tinctorum L. (Rubiaceae) revealed antimicrobial activity against some Gram (+) and Gram (–) bacteria, yeasts, filamentous fungi and actinomycetes.
Abstract: In this study, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and water extracts of Rubia tinctorum L. (Rubiaceae) were tested for antimicrobial activity by the disc diffusion method. From the present study it was found that Rubia tinctorum L. revealed antimicrobial activity against some Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria, yeasts, filamentous fungi and actinomycetes.
TL;DR: It is suggested that pretreatment with trimetazidine alleviates malondialdehyde production and preserves endogenous antioxidant capacity during CABG with CPB and cardioplegic arrest.
Abstract: Background Trimetazidine is an anti-ischemic agent that is used to treat angina and it has cardioprotective effects without inducing any significant hemodynamic changes. It inhibits the long-chain mitochondrial 3-ketoacyl coenzyme A thiolase enzyme in the myocyte and can improve cardiac mitochondrial metabolism, as well as scavenge free radicals. The aim of this double-blind prospective randomized study was to investigate the effect of preoperative use of trimetazidine on the reduction of oxidative stress during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods and Results The study group (group T) and the control group (group C) each comprised 12 patients. Pretreatment began 2 weeks before CABG with trimetazidine (60 mg/day po); the control group did not receive any medication. Serial blood samples were collected before and after CPB for measurement of the serum concentrations of these major endogenous antioxidant enzyme systems, which are markers for oxidative degradation of the cellular membranes; postoperative levels were significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). There were no significant difference in hemodynamic values. Conclusion The findings suggest that pretreatment with trimetazidine alleviates malondialdehyde production and preserves endogenous antioxidant capacity during CABG with CPB and cardioplegic arrest. (Circ J 2006; 70: 1169 - 1173)
TL;DR: The performance of laying hens during the summer season could be maintained with inclusions of EOM and MOS in the diet, and number of deaths among hens was significantly affected by dietary treatments.
Abstract: The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplements of either an essential oil mixture (EOM) or a mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) as alternatives to an antibiotic feed additive (avilamycin) for layers kept under hot summer conditions. Four hundred and eighty 54-week old NickBrown hens were assigned to four dietary treatments. Each treatment consisted of four replications of 10 cages (three hens per cage). The treatment groups were: 1) Control: Basal diet without additive; 2) Basal diet plus antibiotic (10 mg avilamycin/kg feed); 3) Basal diet plus 1 g MOS/kg feed; 4) Basal diet plus 24 mg EOM/kg feed. Performance of laying hens was affected by dietary treatments. Dietary supplementation of EOM and MOS significantly increased egg production compared with control and antibiotic groups. There were no significant differences in feed consumption between treatments. The EOM significantly improved feed conversion ratio above that of the control group. Egg weights were significantly different between treatments. Laying hens consuming MOS produced significantly lower egg weights than the other groups, while egg weights in the EOM, antibiotic and control groups did not differ significantly. Cracked-broken egg rate was decreased by dietary addition of EOM, MOS and antibiotic compared with the control. Number of deaths among hens was significantly affected by dietary treatments with the number of deaths in the MOS treatment being significantly lower than in the other treatments. The performance of laying hens during the summer season could be maintained with inclusions of EOM and MOS in the diet.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Vogel model is introduced to account for the temperature-dependent viscosity of the flow and entropy generation due to fluid friction and heat transfer in the flow system is formulated.
Abstract: The flow of fluid–solid mixtures in a pipe can be treated as non-Newtonian fluids of third grade. Depending upon the fluid viscosity, entropy generation in the flow system varies. In the present study, flow of third grade fluid in a pipe is considered. The Vogel model is introduced to account for the temperature-dependent viscosity. Entropy generation due to fluid friction and heat transfer in the flow system is formulated. The influence of viscosity parameters A and B on the entropy generation number is investigated. It is found that increasing viscosity parameter A reduces the entropy generation number and opposite is true for increasing viscosity parameter B .
TL;DR: The results suggest that overexpression of VEGF, its receptors flt-1, KDR/flk-1 and TGF-beta interaction may play an important role in the ovarian cancer biology, with potential effects on tumor growth and angiogenesis.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis is an essential factor for growth, differentiation, invasion and metastasis of tumors. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the immunolocalizations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its receptors flt-1, KDR/flk-1, and transforming growth factor-beta's (TGF-beta) in epithelial ovarian tumors, utilizing indirect immunohistochemistry to understand the role of the angiogenic events in ovarian neoplasia. METHODS Tissue blocks from 40 patients who had ovarian pathology (borderline serous-mucinous tumor and malignant serous-mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ovary) were included in this study. All formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin or primary antibodies against VEGF, flt-1, KDR/flk-1, TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 and TGF-beta3 using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. H-SCORE, a semi-quantitative grading system, was used to compare immunohistochemical staining intensities. RESULTS Positive VEGF immunoreactivity was concentrated in the epithelial and stromal parts of all the ovarian samples and the endothelial cells in the stroma were also stained. Increased immunoreactivity of VEGF was observed in malignant ovarian adenocarcinomas compared to the borderline tumors of the ovary. VEGF receptors, flt-1 and KDR/flk-1 immunoreactivities were detected not only in vascular endothelial cells, but also in tumor cells at malignant sites. Immunoreactivities of VEGF and its receptors were coexpressed in tumor cells of the ovarian carcinoma. While immunoreactivities of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 were both overexpressed in malignant ovarian carcinomas, immunoreactivity of TGF-beta3 was still mild. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that overexpression of VEGF, its receptors flt-1, KDR/flk-1 and TGF-beta interaction may play an important role in the ovarian cancer biology, with potential effects on tumor growth and angiogenesis. New therapeutic strategies using VEGF and TGF-beta antagonists could obtain an additional approach to the treatment ovarian carcinoma by inhibiting angiogenesis.
TL;DR: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the locations of the perforators relative to the fibula and to present a case, treated with an adipofascial flap, based on one of these small arteries, found that these branches were not parallel to fibula, but aligned in an oblique projection.
Abstract: There are many studies describing the perforating branches of the peroneal artery but none of them identifies their locations relative to fibula. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the locations of the perforators relative to the fibula and to present a case, treated with an adipofascial flap, based on one of these small arteries. In this study, nine fresh male cadavers' legs injected with colored latex were dissected for demonstration of the longitudinal axis of these perforators. A large incision was made on the lateral part of the leg from the head of the fibula to the ankle. The peroneal perforating vessels were displayed. The posterior margin of the fibula was marked with needles from proximal to distal just above every perforator. The distance between the needle and the perforator was recorded. Their diameters were measured at the level of fascial emergence. There were four to seven perforating vessels; the larger vessels were near the proximal end of the fibula with an average of 1.1 mm and a minimum of 0.8 mm. We found that these branches were not parallel to fibula, but aligned in an oblique projection from posterior to anterior and from distal to proximal because of the course of the intermuscular septum between the soleus and peroneus longus muscles. The lowermost vessel was 1.7 cm away from the posterior margin of the fibula while the uppermost vessel was 0.25 cm away from the posterior ridge of the fibula. Adipofascial or fasciocutaneous flaps, which have important advantages in covering small to medium sized defects, can be based on the perforators of the peroneal artery. But for the centralization of the flap pedicle, the locations of the perforators, which are aligned from the lateral malleolus to the fibular head in oblique direction and from the posterior to the anterior must be taken into consideration. This knowledge is crucial for the flap design and the centralization of the vessels.
TL;DR: The combined effects of advanced age and prolonged time from injury in patients who elected to not restrict occupational activities are more severe due to the increase in the occurrence of intraarticular lesions accompanying ACL insufficiency as compared to their separate effects.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate arthroscopically the type, localization and prevalence of the meniscal and chondral lesions accompanying complete rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in patients who elected not to restrict their daily activities after the initial trauma. The size of the chondral lesions was also evaluated. Our second aim is to analyze the effects of age, time from injury, and both age and time from injury in the presence or absence of accompanying lesions in these patients. The localization and type of the accompanying lesions of 317 knees with complete rupture of the ACL were recorded by the same observer. We applied therapeutic arthroscopy to all patients after their first visit to our clinic. All of the patients were military personnel and their history revealed that they had elected to not restrict their occupational activities after the first trauma causing ACL insufficiency. We defined the first 6 week period after the initial trauma as the acute, 6 weeks to 12 months as the subchronic and 12 months or longer as the chronic period. The average time from injury to arthroscopy for these patients, who were all male, was 19.4 ± 20.3 months. Eighty-one percent of the patients had at least one meniscal tear, and 45.1% had at least one chondral lesion. The mean ages at the time of surgery of patient groups with or without medial and lateral menisci lesions were compared, and no statistically significant difference was determined. In the chronic period, the relative risk (RR) values of meniscal tears were 7.75 for medial and 2.40 for lateral. The group consisting of patients with chondral lesions was compared with the group of patients without chondral lesions in terms of their ages and the time from injury to arthroscopy, and the difference was statistically significant. The RR value for patients with co-existence of at least two lesions was 1.761 for more than 30 years of age. The RR values for at least two lesions were 2.356 for the subchronic and 14.909 for the chronic group when compared to the acute group. The RR values in patients more than 30 years of age in the chronic group were 13.58 for medial meniscus, 3.21 for lateral meniscus and 71.88 for chondral lesions when compared to patients less than 30 years of age in the acute group. It is important to note that the combined effects of advanced age and prolonged time from injury in patients who elected to not restrict occupational activities are more severe due to the increase in the occurrence of intraarticular lesions accompanying ACL insufficiency as compared to their separate effects.
TL;DR: GERD is significantly more common in nonatopic children with asthma-like airway disease compared to the controls and clinical improvement is significant after acid suppressor treatment and lansoprazole treatment is considered early in management.
TL;DR: In this article, an energy and exergy modelling of industrial final macaroni (pasta) drying process for its system analysis, performance evaluation and optimization is presented. But, the authors did not consider the exergy destructions in the overall system.
Abstract: In this study we present an energy and exergy modelling of industrial final macaroni (pasta) drying process for its system analysis, performance evaluation and optimization. Using actual system data, a performance assessment of the industrial macaroni drying process through energy and exergy efficiencies and system exergy destructions is conducted. The heat losses to the surroundings and exergy destructions in the overall system are quantified and illustrated using energy and exergy flow diagrams. The total energy rate input to system is 316.25 kW. The evaporation rate is 72 kg h−1 (0.02 kg s−1) and energy consumption rate is found as 4.38 kW for 1 kg water evaporation from product. Humidity product rate is 792 kg h−1 (0.22 kg s−1) and energy consumption rate is found about 0.4 kW for 1 kg short cut pasta product. The energy efficiencies of the pasta drying process and the overall system are found to be as 7.55–77.09% and 68.63%. The exergy efficiency of pasta drying process is obtained to be as 72.98–82.15%. For the actual system that is presented the system exergy efficiency vary between 41.90 and 70.94%. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TL;DR: The three methods are compared and it is shown that the VIM is more efficient and effective than the ADM and the DTM, and also converges to its exact solution more rapidly.
Abstract: The implementation of the two-dimensional differential transform method (DTM), Adomian's decomposition method (ADM), and the variational iteration method (VIM) in the mathematical applications of partial differential equations is examined in this paper. The VIM has been found to be particularly valuable as a tool for the solution of differential equations in engineering, science, and applied mathematics. The three methods are compared and it is shown that the VIM is more efficient and effective than the ADM and the DTM, and also converges to its exact solution more rapidly. Numerical solutions of two examples are calculated and the results are presented in tables and figures.