Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

About: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is a government organization based out in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 58238 authors who have published 82592 publications receiving 4405701 citations. The organization is also known as: CDC & Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Global trends in diabetes complications: a review of current evidence

Abstract: In recent decades, large increases in diabetes prevalence have been demonstrated in virtually all regions of the world The increase in the number of people with diabetes or with a longer duration of diabetes is likely to alter the disease profile in many populations around the globe, particularly due to a higher incidence of diabetes-specific complications, such as kidney failure and peripheral arterial disease The epidemiology of other conditions frequently associated with diabetes, including infections and cardiovascular disease, may also change, with direct effects on quality of life, demands on health services and economic costs The current understanding of the international burden of and variation in diabetes-related complications is poor The available data suggest that rates of myocardial infarction, stroke and amputation are decreasing among people with diabetes, in parallel with declining mortality However, these data predominantly come from studies in only a few high-income countries Trends in other complications of diabetes, such as end-stage renal disease, retinopathy and cancer, are less well explored In this review, we synthesise data from population-based studies on trends in diabetes complications, with the objectives of: (1) characterising recent and long-term trends in diabetes-related complications; (2) describing regional variation in the excess risk of complications, where possible; and (3) identifying and prioritising gaps for future surveillance and study

Case Definitions, Diagnostic Algorithms, and Priorities in Encephalitis: Consensus Statement of the International Encephalitis Consortium

Abstract: Background Encephalitis continues to result in substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Advances in diagnosis and management have been limited, in part, by a lack of consensus on case definitions, standardized diagnostic approaches, and priorities for research. Methods In March 2012, the International Encephalitis Consortium, a committee begun in 2010 with members worldwide, held a meeting in Atlanta to discuss recent advances in encephalitis and to set priorities for future study. Results We present a consensus document that proposes a standardized case definition and diagnostic guidelines for evaluation of adults and children with suspected encephalitis. In addition, areas of research priority, including host genetics and selected emerging infections, are discussed. Conclusions We anticipate that this document, representing a synthesis of our discussions and supported by literature, will serve as a practical aid to clinicians evaluating patients with suspected encephalitis and will identify key areas and approaches to advance our knowledge of encephalitis.

Obstructive Lung Disease and Low Lung Function in Adults in the United States: Data From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994

Abstract: Background Obstructive lung disease (OLD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the US adult population. Potentially treatable mild cases of OLD often go undetected. This analysis determines the national estimates of reported OLD and low lung function in the US adult population. Methods We examined data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), a multistage probability representative sample of the US population. A total of 20,050 US adults participated in NHANES III from 1988 to 1994. Our main outcome measures were low lung function (a condition determined to be present if the forced expiratory volume in 1 second–forced vital capacity ratio was less than 0.7 and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second was less than 80% of the predicted value), a physician diagnosis of OLD (chronic bronchitis, asthma, or emphysema), and respiratory symptoms. Results Overall a mean (SE) of 6.8% (0.3%) of the population had low lung function, and 8.5% (0.3%) of the population reported OLD. Obstructive lung disease (age-adjusted to study population) was currently reported among 12.5% (0.7%) of current smokers, 9.4% (0.6%) of former smokers, 3.1% (1.1%) of pipe or cigar smokers, and 5.8% (0.4%) of never smokers. Surprisingly, 63.3% (0.2%) of the subjects with documented low lung function had no prior or current reported diagnosis of any OLD. Conclusions This study demonstrates that OLD is present in a substantive number of US adults. In addition, many US adults have low lung function but no reported OLD diagnosis, which may indicate the presence of undiagnosed lung disease.

Medical Costs of Fatal and Nonfatal Falls in Older Adults.

Abstract: Objectives To estimate medical expenditures attributable to older adult falls using a methodology that can be updated annually to track these expenditures over time. Design Population data from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) and cost estimates from the Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) for fatal falls, quasi-experimental regression analysis of data from the Medicare Current Beneficiaries Survey (MCBS) for nonfatal falls. Setting U.S. population aged 65 and older during 2015. Participants Fatal falls from the 2015 NVSS (N=28,486); respondents to the 2011 MCBS (N=3,460). Measurements Total spending attributable to older adult falls in the United States in 2015, in dollars. Results In 2015, the estimated medical costs attributable to fatal and nonfatal falls was approximately $50.0 billion. For nonfatal falls, Medicare paid approximately $28.9 billion, Medicaid $8.7 billion, and private and other payers $12.0 billion. Overall medical spending for fatal falls was estimated to be $754 million. Conclusion Older adult falls result in substantial medical costs. Measuring medical costs attributable to falls will provide vital information about the magnitude of the problem and the potential financial effect of effective prevention strategies.