scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Institution

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

GovernmentAtlanta, Georgia, United States
About: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is a government organization based out in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 58238 authors who have published 82592 publications receiving 4405701 citations. The organization is also known as: CDC & Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
07 Nov 2014-Science
TL;DR: B cells are identified as a cellular target of noroviruses and enteric bacteria as a stimulatory factor for norovirus infection, leading to the development of an in vitro infection model for human norovIRuses.
Abstract: The cell tropism of human noroviruses and the development of an in vitro infection model remain elusive. Although susceptibility to individual human norovirus strains correlates with an individual’s histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) profile, the biological basis of this restriction is unknown. We demonstrate that human and mouse noroviruses infected B cells in vitro and likely in vivo. Human norovirus infection of B cells required the presence of HBGA-expressing enteric bacteria. Furthermore, mouse norovirus replication was reduced in vivo when the intestinal microbiota was depleted by means of oral antibiotic administration. Thus, we have identified B cells as a cellular target of noroviruses and enteric bacteria as a stimulatory factor for norovirus infection, leading to the development of an in vitro infection model for human noroviruses.

690 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
04 Apr 2001-JAMA
TL;DR: Young children, elderly persons, and black persons of all ages are disproportionately affected by invasive pneumococcal disease, and current ACIP recommendations do not address a subset of persons aged 18 to 64 years but do include those at highest risk for death from invasive pneumonia.
Abstract: ContextPneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended for elderly persons and adults with certain chronic illnesses. Additionally, a recently licensed pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate vaccine has been recommended for use in young children and could dramatically change the epidemiology of pneumococcal disease.ObjectivesTo assess pneumococcal disease burden in the United States, estimate the potential impact of new vaccines, and identify gaps in vaccine recommendations.Design and SettingAnalysis of data from the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs)/Emerging Infections Program Network, an active, population-based system in 9 states.PatientsA total of 15 860 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease occurring between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 1998.Main Outcome MeasuresAge- and race-specific pneumoccocal disease incidence rates per 100 000 persons, case-fatality rates, and vaccine preventability.ResultsIn 1998, overall incidence was 23.2 cases per 100 000, corresponding to an estimated 62 840 cases in the United States. Incidence was highest among children younger than 2 years (166.9) and adults aged 65 years or older (59.7). Incidence among blacks was 2.6 times higher than among whites (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4-2.8). Overall, 28.6% of case-patients were at least 65 years old and 85.9% of cases in this age group were due to serotypes included in the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine; 19.3% of case-patients were younger than 2 years and 82.2% of cases in this age group were due to serotypes included in the 7-valent conjugate vaccine. Among patients aged 2 to 64 years, 50.6% had a vaccine indication as defined by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). The case-fatality rate among patients aged 18 to 64 years with an ACIP indication was 12.1% compared with 5.4% for those without an indication (relative risk, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.7-2.9).ConclusionsYoung children, elderly persons, and black persons of all ages are disproportionately affected by invasive pneumococcal disease. Current ACIP recommendations do not address a subset of persons aged 18 to 64 years but do include those at highest risk for death from invasive pneumococcal disease.

689 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
18 Apr 2008-Science
TL;DR: There was continuous circulation in east and Southeast Asia via a region-wide network of temporally overlapping epidemics and that epidemics in the temperate regions were seeded from this network each year, suggesting that once A (H3N2) viruses leave E-SE Asia, they are unlikely to contribute to long-term viral evolution.
Abstract: Antigenic and genetic analysis of the hemagglutinin of approximately 13,000 human influenza A (H3N2) viruses from six continents during 2002-2007 revealed that there was continuous circulation in east and Southeast Asia (E-SE Asia) via a region-wide network of temporally overlapping epidemics and that epidemics in the temperate regions were seeded from this network each year. Seed strains generally first reached Oceania, North America, and Europe, and later South America. This evidence suggests that once A (H3N2) viruses leave E-SE Asia, they are unlikely to contribute to long-term viral evolution. If the trends observed during this period are an accurate representation of overall patterns of spread, then the antigenic characteristics of A (H3N2) viruses outside E-SE Asia may be forecast each year based on surveillance within E-SE Asia, with consequent improvements to vaccine strain selection.

689 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, population-based active laboratory surveillance was conducted from October 1998 through September 2000 in two areas of the United States (Baltimore, Md., and the state of Connecticut; combined population, 47 million) to determine the incidence of Candida bloodstream infections (BSI) and antifungal drug resistance.
Abstract: To determine the incidence of Candida bloodstream infections (BSI) and antifungal drug resistance, population-based active laboratory surveillance was conducted from October 1998 through September 2000 in two areas of the United States (Baltimore, Md, and the state of Connecticut; combined population, 47 million) A total of 1,143 cases were detected, for an average adjusted annual incidence of 10 per 100,000 population or 15 per 10,000 hospital days In 28% of patients, Candida BSI developed prior to or on the day of admission; only 36% of patients were in an intensive care unit at the time of diagnosis No fewer than 78% of patients had a central catheter in place at the time of diagnosis, and 50% had undergone surgery within the previous 3 months Candida albicans comprised 45% of the isolates, followed by C glabrata (24%), C parapsilosis (13%), and C tropicalis (12%) Only 12% of C albicans isolates were resistant to fluconazole (MIC, ≥64 μg/ml), compared to 7% of C glabrata isolates and 6% of C tropicalis isolates Only 09% of C albicans isolates were resistant to itraconazole (MIC, ≥1 μg/ml), compared to 195% of C glabrata isolates and 6% of C tropicalis isolates Only 43% of C albicans isolates were resistant to flucytosine (MIC, ≥32 μg/ml), compared to <1% of C parapsilosis and C tropicalis isolates and no C glabrata isolates As determined by E-test, the MICs of amphotericin B were ≥038 μg/ml for 10% of Candida isolates, ≥1 μg/ml for 17% of isolates, and ≥2 μg/ml for 04% of isolates Our findings highlight changes in the epidemiology of Candida BSI in the 1990s and provide a basis upon which to conduct further studies of selected high-risk subpopulations

688 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
28 Mar 2012-JAMA
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined time trends in cardiovascular health metrics and to estimate joint associations and population-attributable fractions of these metrics in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk.
Abstract: Context Recent recommendations from the American Heart Association aim to improve cardiovascular health by encouraging the general population to meet 7 cardiovascular health metrics: not smoking; being physically active; having normal blood pressure, blood glucose and total cholesterol levels, and weight; and eating a healthy diet. Objective To examine time trends in cardiovascular health metrics and to estimate joint associations and population-attributable fractions of these metrics in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk. Design, Setting, and Participants Study of a nationally representative sample of 44 959 US adults (≥20 years), using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988-1994, 1999-2004, and 2005-2010 and the NHANES III Linked Mortality File (through 2006). Main Outcome Measures All-cause, CVD, and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality. Results Few participants met all 7 cardiovascular health metrics (2.0% [95% CI, 1.5%-2.5%] in 1988-1994, 1.2% [95% CI, 0.8%-1.9%] in 2005-2010). Among NHANES III participants, 2673 all-cause, 1085 CVD, and 576 IHD deaths occurred (median follow-up, 14.5 years). Among participants who met 1 or fewer cardiovascular health metrics, age- and sex-standardized absolute risks were 14.8 (95% CI, 13.2-16.5) deaths per 1000 person-years for all-cause mortality, 6.5 (95% CI, 5.5-7.6) for CVD mortality, and 3.7 (95% CI, 2.8-4.5) for IHD mortality. Among those who met 6 or more metrics, corresponding risks were 5.4 (95% CI, 3.6-7.3) for all-cause mortality, 1.5 (95% CI, 0.5-2.5) for CVD mortality, and 1.1 (95% CI, 0.7-2.0) for IHD mortality. Adjusted hazard ratios were 0.49 (95% CI, 0.33-0.74) for all-cause mortality, 0.24 (95% CI, 0.13-0.47) for CVD mortality, and 0.30 (95% CI, 0.13-0.68) for IHD mortality, comparing participants who met 6 or more vs 1 or fewer cardiovascular health metrics. Adjusted population-attributable fractions were 59% (95% CI, 33%-76%) for all-cause mortality, 64% (95% CI, 28%-84%) for CVD mortality, and 63% (95% CI, 5%-89%) for IHD mortality. Conclusion Meeting a greater number of cardiovascular health metrics was associated with a lower risk of total and CVD mortality, but the prevalence of meeting all 7 cardiovascular health metrics was low in the study population.

687 citations


Authors

Showing all 58382 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Graham A. Colditz2611542256034
David J. Hunter2131836207050
Bernard Rosner1901162147661
Richard Peto183683231434
Aaron R. Folsom1811118134044
Didier Raoult1733267153016
James F. Sallis169825144836
David R. Jacobs1651262113892
Steven N. Blair165879132929
Gordon J. Freeman164579105193
Dennis R. Burton16468390959
Rory Collins162489193407
Ali H. Mokdad156634160599
Caroline S. Fox155599138951
Paul Elliott153773103839
Network Information
Related Institutions (5)
University of Maryland, Baltimore
64.7K papers, 2.9M citations

90% related

Emory University
122.4K papers, 6M citations

89% related

University of Alabama at Birmingham
86.7K papers, 3.9M citations

89% related

University of Colorado Denver
57.2K papers, 2.5M citations

89% related

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
185.3K papers, 9.9M citations

88% related

Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202327
2022254
20215,505
20205,426
20194,527
20184,344