Institution
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Government•Atlanta, Georgia, United States•
About: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is a government organization based out in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 58238 authors who have published 82592 publications receiving 4405701 citations. The organization is also known as: CDC & Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Topics: Population, Public health, Poison control, Vaccination, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: This ecologic study reveals that urban form could be significantly associated with some forms of physical activity and some health outcomes.
Abstract: Purpose. To determine the relationship between urban sprawl, health, and health-related behaviors. Design. Cross-sectional analysis using hierarchical modeling to relate characteristics of individuals and places to levels of physical activity, obesity, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. Setting. U.S. counties (448) and metropolitan areas (83). Subjects. Adults (n 5 206,992) from pooled 1998, 1999, and 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Measures. Sprawl indices, derived with principal components analysis from census and other data, served as independent variables. Self-reported behavior and health status from BRFSS served as dependent variables. Results. After controlling for demographic and behavioral covariates, the county sprawl index had small but significant associations with minutes walked (p 5 .004), obesity (p , .001), BMI (p 5 .005), and hypertension (p 5 .018). Residents of sprawling counties were likely to walk less during leisure time, weigh more, and have greater prevalence of hypertension than residents of compact counties. At the metropolitan level, sprawl was similarly associated with minutes walked (p 5 .04) but not with the other variables. Conclusion. This ecologic study reveals that urban form could be significantly associated with some forms of physical activity and some health outcomes. More research is needed to refine measures of urban form, improve measures of physical activity, and control for other individual and environmental influences on physical activity, obesity, and related health outcomes. (Am J Health Promot 2003;18[1]:47‐57.)
1,445 citations
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TL;DR: Many US children watch a great deal of television and are inadequately vigorously active, andVigorous activity levels are lowest among girls, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans.
Abstract: Context.—Physical inactivity contributes to weight gain in adults, but whether
this relationship is true for children of different ethnic groups is not well
established.Objective.—To assess participation in vigorous activity and television watching
habits and their relationship to body weight and fatness in US children.Design.—Nationally representative cross-sectional survey with an in-person interview
and medical examination.Setting and Participants.—Between 1988 and 1994, 4063 children aged 8 through 16 years were examined
as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Mexican
Americans and non-Hispanic blacks were oversampled to produce reliable estimates
for these groups.Main Outcome Measures.—Episodes of weekly vigorous activity and daily hours of television watched,
and their relationship to body mass index and body fatness.Results.—Eighty percent of US children reported performing 3 or more bouts of
vigorous activity each week. This rate was lower in non-Hispanic black and
Mexican American girls (69% and 73%, respectively). Twenty percent of US children
participated in 2 or fewer bouts of vigorous activity per week, and the rate
was higher in girls (26%) than in boys (17%). Overall, 26% of US children
watched 4 or more hours of television per day and 67% watched at least 2 hours
per day. Non-Hispanic black children had the highest rates of watching 4 or
more hours of television per day (42%). Boys and girls who watch 4 or more
hours of television each day had greater body fat (P<.001)
and had a greater body mass index (P<.001) than
those who watched less than 2 hours per day.Conclusions.—Many US children watch a great deal of television and are inadequately
vigorously active. Vigorous activity levels are lowest among girls, non-Hispanic
blacks, and Mexican Americans. Intervention strategies to promote lifelong
physical activity among US children are needed to stem the adverse health
consequences of inactivity.
1,442 citations
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TL;DR: The severity of C difficile-associated disease caused by NAP1/027 could result from hyperproduction of toxins A and B, and dissemination of this strain in North America and Europe could lead to important changes in the epidemiology of C diffusion disease.
1,442 citations
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TL;DR: A major challenge for public health officials in all tropical areas of the world is to develop and implement sustainable prevention and control programs that will reverse the trend of emergent dengue hemorrhagic fever.
Abstract: Hundreds of thousands of dengue cases are reported worldwide each year. Given the difficulty in obtaining full reporting, the actual number of human infections is probably much higher than the number reported. Dengue is usually a nonspecific febrile illness that resolves with supportive therapy but the clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic infection through severe hemorrhage and sudden fatal shock. The pathophysiology of the severe forms of dengue may be related to sequential infection with different serotypes, variations in virus virulence, interaction of the virus with environmental and host factors or a combination of these factors. Control of dengue at the present time is dependent on control of the principal vector mosquito, A. aegypti. Efforts to achieve such control are now focusing on community education and action towards eliminating this mosquito's breeding sites near human dwellings. Vaccine development continues, but at present the only way to avoid dengue in an area where it is endemic or epidemic is to use repellents and mosquito barriers. The movement of people to and from tropical areas makes dengue an important differential diagnosis in any patient with an acute illness and history of recent travel to tropical areas. Because of continued infestation of the southeastern United States with A. aegypti, indigenous transmission in the continental United States remains a public health concern.
1,442 citations
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TL;DR: K. pneumoniae strain 1534 is mainly due to production of a novel Bush group 2f, class A, carbapenem-hydrolyzing β-lactamase, KPC-1, although alterations in porin expression may also play a role.
Abstract: A Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate showing moderate to high-level imipenem and meropenem resistance was investigated. The MICs of both drugs were 16 microg/ml. The beta-lactamase activity against imipenem and meropenem was inhibited in the presence of clavulanic acid. The strain was also resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. Isoelectric focusing studies demonstrated three beta-lactamases, with pIs of 7.2 (SHV-29), 6.7 (KPC-1), and 5.4 (TEM-1). The presence of bla(SHV) and bla(TEM) genes was confirmed by specific PCRs and DNA sequence analysis. Transformation and conjugation studies with Escherichia coli showed that the beta-lactamase with a pI of 6.7, KPC-1 (K. pneumoniae carbapenemase-1), was encoded on an approximately 50-kb nonconjugative plasmid. The gene, bla(KPC-1), was cloned in E. coli and shown to confer resistance to imipenem, meropenem, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and aztreonam. The amino acid sequence of the novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase, KPC-1, showed 45% identity to the pI 9.7 carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase, Sme-1, from Serratia marcescens S6. Hydrolysis studies showed that purified KPC-1 hydrolyzed not only carbapenems but also penicillins, cephalosporins, and monobactams. KPC-1 had the highest affinity for meropenem. The kinetic studies also revealed that clavulanic acid and tazobactam inhibited KPC-1. An examination of the outer membrane proteins of the parent K. pneumoniae strain demonstrated that the strain does not express detectable levels of OmpK35 and OmpK37, although OmpK36 is present. We concluded that carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae strain 1534 is mainly due to production of a novel Bush group 2f, class A, carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase, KPC-1, although alterations in porin expression may also play a role.
1,439 citations
Authors
Showing all 58382 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Graham A. Colditz | 261 | 1542 | 256034 |
David J. Hunter | 213 | 1836 | 207050 |
Bernard Rosner | 190 | 1162 | 147661 |
Richard Peto | 183 | 683 | 231434 |
Aaron R. Folsom | 181 | 1118 | 134044 |
Didier Raoult | 173 | 3267 | 153016 |
James F. Sallis | 169 | 825 | 144836 |
David R. Jacobs | 165 | 1262 | 113892 |
Steven N. Blair | 165 | 879 | 132929 |
Gordon J. Freeman | 164 | 579 | 105193 |
Dennis R. Burton | 164 | 683 | 90959 |
Rory Collins | 162 | 489 | 193407 |
Ali H. Mokdad | 156 | 634 | 160599 |
Caroline S. Fox | 155 | 599 | 138951 |
Paul Elliott | 153 | 773 | 103839 |