Showing papers by "Central Drug Research Institute published in 1969"

Chemical constituents of the antibiotic fraction of Arnebia nobilis.

Abstract: Aus den Wurzeln vonArnebia nobilis wurden 4 antibiotisch wirksame Stoffe isoliert. Die Struktur von dreien wurde aufgeklart.

New potent blood sugar lowering compound.

Abstract: HYPOGLYCAEMIC activity has not so far been reported in any 4-quinazolone derivatives. We have found that 2-piperazino-3H,4-quinazolone monoacetate (I; 68/157) is an effective blood sugar lowering agent (patent pending). This compound was synthesized by heating 2-ethylthio-3H,4-quinazolone with N-benzylpiperazine followed by debenzylation with H2 over Pd/C in glacial acetic acid.

New alkaloids from Murraya koenigii Spreng.

Abstract: Zwei neue Alkaloide, Koenigicine und Koenimbin, wurden aus Blattern vonMurraya koenigii isoliert und als (I) und (V oder VI) charakterisiert. Es wird vermutet, dass bei der Biosynthese dieser Alkaloide das 3-C-Methyl aus Mevalonsaure stammt.

Crotsparinine, a dihydroproaporphine alkaloid fromCroton sparsiflorus

Abstract: Crotsparinin, ein neuer Vertreter der Proaporphine, wurde ausCroton sparsiflorus isoliert und seine Struktur aufgeklart.

Synthesis of dinucleoside phosphates by reaction of 5′-chloro-5′-deoxynucleosides with nucleotide anions

Abstract: Uridylyl-(3′–5′)-adenosin und Uridylyl-(3′-5′)-ionosin wurden durch Umsetzung eines passenden 5′-chloro-5′-deoxy-2′, 3′-O-isopropylidene-Nukleosids mit Uridin-3′-phosphat synthetisiert.

Acridine Orange Staining and Fluorescence of Nucleic Acids in Plasmodia and Associated Host Erythrocytes

Abstract: Acridine orange in daily doses of 1, 2 and 4 mg for 4 days was given to chicks averaging 50 gm in weight. Dosage was started 1, 2 and 3 days after infection with Plasmodium gallinaceum. Such doses were sufficient to stain the parasite in vivo, as shown by its bright fluorescence in UV light, but did not exhibit any antimalarial action. Staining of fresh blood samples from infected chicks with 0.01% acridine orange in Krebs–Ringer containing 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.0-6.2) resulted in differential fluorescence of the nucleic acids of the plasmodia, to show nuclear DNA bright green and cytoplasmic RNA orange-red. After optimum acid hydrolysis, as used for the Feulgen reaction, staining with 0.1% acridine orange produced intense red fluorescence of the nuclear DNA in the plasmodia. Nuclear DNA of the chick erythrocytes showed bright fluorescence both in vivo and in vitro.

Growth inhibitory action of saccharin and cyclamate on rats receiving a poor rice diet

Abstract: 1. The effect of saccharin and cyclamate on growth of young rats fed on a poor rice diet or a balanced diet was investigated. 2. Saccharin and cyclamate retarded the growth of rats on the multi-deficient diet but not of those on the well-balanced diet during an 8-week feeding period. 3. The sweeteners did not produce any macroscopic or microscopic changes in the liver, kidneys, intestines, spleen or lungs of the animals receiving the poor rice diet other than the changes resulting from the nutritional deficiency of the diet. 4. The sweeteners did not inhibit the liver xanthine oxidase activity of rats receiving the poor rice diet to an extent greater than the inhibition brought about by the deficiency of protein in the diet. 5. When given by intubation to healthy rats, the sweeteners inhibited the induction of liver tryptophan oxygenase; given in vitro, they inhibited the succinate dehydrogenase activity of rat liver mitochondria.

A lethal factor in a strain of Vibrio El Tor.

Abstract: The advantage in using membrane filters for crosses between P+ (donor) and P~ (recipient) strains of Vibrio cholerae (Bhaskaran, 1964; Bhaskaran, Sinha & Iyer, 1967) is probably due to more frequent and effective contacts between the cells on the surface of the membrane than is possible in fluid media with actively motile cells of this species. The transfer of the fertility (P) factor itself, as well as the yield of genetic recombinants, was considerably improved by this procedure. It seemed worthwhile, therefore, to utilize this technique for crosses between strains of V. cholerae and V. El Tor which have given irregular and often negative results in the past. In particular, P+ strains of V. El Tor were never shown to yield recombinants with P~ strains, either of V. cholerae or V. El Tor, when tested by conventional procedures such as plating mixtures of washed suspensions of parental strains on selective minimal media. As a preliminary to this, mixtures of different P+ and P~ strains (in pairs, containing c. 2-5 x 10 cells of each strain derived from 4 h nutrient broth cultures) were fixed by nitration on membrane filters ('Metricel'; pore size, 0-45/*; diam., 47 mm; Gelman Instrument Co., Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.) and the proportion of P~ cells acquiring the P factor was determined, at intervals of time, when these membranes were incubated at 37 °C on the surface of sterile, moist nutrient agar plates. This was done by resuspending the culture (on the surface of the membrane) in fluid minimal medium and plating its dilutions on nutrient agar plates for the isolation of discrete colonies of the original P~ strain. When this strain was streptomycin resistant, as it was in most cases, nutrient agar containing streptomycin (500 /ig/ml) was used. Twenty randomly selected colonies, which were the progeny of the original P~ parent, were tested for the presence of the P factor which may have been acquired by conjugation with the P + partner on the membrane. The test consisted in placing a loopful of these cultures (in nutrient broth) on a semi-solid nutrient agar seeded with an indicator (P~) strain of V. cholerae (162/p.) After overnight incubation at 37 °C, P+ cultures were identified by a hazy clearing around the periphery of their growth (Bhaskaran, 1964). In our experience, this activity (possibly due to the production of a bacteriocine) is invariably associated with donor ability in V. cholerae (but not in V. El Tor). The results are recorded in Table 1. I t is clear that the transfer of P factor was less efficient when one or the other partner was V. El Tor, whereas, between

Studies on the action of acetylcholine on the sino‐auricular node of the dog

Abstract: 1. The response of the sino-auricular node to direct injection of acetylcholine in the artery supplying the node has been studied in the dog.2. Acetylcholine in graded doses (2, 5, 10 mug) caused acceleration of the sinus rhythm.3. The time course of the positive chronotropic action of acetylcholine resembled that produced by adrenaline or noradrenaline.4. The positive chronotropic action produced by acetylcholine was blocked by dichloro-isopropylnoradrenaline and pronethalol and potentiated by cocaine.5. In reserpinized dogs, acetylcholine in similar doses produced sinus bradycardia. The positive chronotropic response could be temporarily restored by infusion of adrenaline or noradrenaline.6. Atropine blocked both the positive and negative chronotropic actions of acetylcholine.

Antigenic analysis and biochemical characters of strains of escherichia coli, commonly associated with human diarrhoea, isolated from sporadic cases of gastro-enteritis in local population of domestic animals

Abstract: One hundred and fifty-three strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from sporadic cases of gastroenteritis from cows, calves, buffaloes, buffalocalves, goats, and kids. Thirty-six biochemical tests were conducted. On the basis of fermentation reaction of six selected sugars (rhamnose, sucrose, dulcitol, raffinose, salicin, and starch), 153 strains were classified into 28 biotypes. Biotypes I, V, VI, XI, XVIII, and XX appeared more common than the others. These six biotypes accounted for over 60% of the total (153) strains isolated from diarrhoea, dysentery, or white scours. Biotype XX predominated in buffaloes and buffalocalves, and Type VI in cows and calves, and in goats and kids. Again Type VI predominated in diarrhoea and dysentery and Type XI in white scour. Only 137 strains could be identified serologically. Sixty-five strains belonged to 7 human enteropathogenic ‘O’ groups (O26: B6, O55: B5, O86: B7, O112: B11, O119: B14, O125: B15, and O126: B16). Group O26 predominated in goats and kids, O125 in buffaloes and buffalocalves, and O119 in cows and calves. Another 72 strains belonged to 31 ‘O’ groups, which are not known to be associated with infantile diarrhoea and gastroenteritis of human. Serological heterogenicity was observed within a single biotype and, similarly, strains within a single serotype differed in their biochemical characters.

Effect of feeding psoralen on the copper content of different organs in albino rats.

Abstract: Psoralenfutterung von Ratten bewirkt eine Vermehrung des Kupfergehaltes in der Milz und eine Verminderung in der Leber. In der Haut sind die Werte nicht einheitlich.

A cheap and quick method of screening potential antimycobacterial agents in the Syrian or golden hamster (Cricetus auratus).

Abstract: Eine vereinfachte «screening»-Methode zur Wirkung von Isoniazid und Streptomyzin wird beschrieben.

Effect of altered hormonal states on the histochemical distribution of lipase activity in the rat prostatic complex.

Abstract: Lipase activity is localized mainly in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of all the rat prostatic lobes, and in periacinar stroma of the dorsal prostate; lateral lobe has little enzyme activity. Progesterone (1 and 2.5 mg) causes an increase in lipase activity in the acinar epithelia, periacinar and interfollicular stroma, blood vessels and the mast cells of the ventral prostate. A low dose of estrogen (0.1 μg) markedly stimulates and a high dose (5 μg) virtually obliterates the activity of the enzyme in the prostatic complex. Following cessation of progesterone therapy the enzyme activity is augmented still further, but near normalization is seen after withdrawal of estrogen. When the two steroids are given conjointly, an estrogenic pattern of morphology is the feature; at the same time there is some suggestion of an antagonism between the two hormones with respect to their effect on the enzyme. Thyroidectomy causes an increase in lipase activity of the complex which is not normalized after thyroxine therapy.

Chemotherapeutic reactions of Chandlerella hawkingi, the filarial parasite of the Indian jungle crow, Corvus macrorhynchos (Wagler)

Abstract: 1. A high percentage of Indian jungle crows (Corvus macrorhynchos Wagler), found in and around Lucknow, harbour a natural filarial infection Chandlerella hawkingi. The microfilariae of this species are sheathed and show nocturnal periodicity. 2. Fourteen compounds active against other kinds of filariae, especially against Litomosoides carinii, were tested against Ch. hawkingi in jungle crows to find whether this infection would be suitable for routine filarial chemotherapy. This is apparently the first report of systematic screening of antifilarial compounds against an avian filariasis. 3. Tartar emetic (10 mg/kg intravenously, daily for 6 days) and arsenamide (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally, daily for 6 days) proved to be effective in killing adult worms. Trivalent tryparsamide, though effective, was toxic in the doses tried. Diethylcarbamazine and other compounds tested were ineffective. 4. The chemotherapeutic susceptibilities of Ch. hawkingi differ considerably from those of L. carinii and Wuchereria bancrofti.