Central Economics and Mathematics Institute

About: Central Economics and Mathematics Institute is a facility organization based out in Moscow, Russia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Foreign-exchange reserves. The organization has 297 authors who have published 580 publications receiving 6449 citations. The organization is also known as: Federal State Institution of Science Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Crisis of institutions of political competition, Internet and collaborative democracy

Abstract: The article examines the crisis of modern Western democracy. It is noted that the important causes of the crisis are slowing down of economic growth and deepening inequality in developed countries. It is shown that inter-party competition inevitably generates a mechanism of degradation of moral norms in the political sphere and reduction of the political system efficiency. These processes have intensified dramatically as a result of the spread of the Internet. They contributed to the reduction of citizens’ participation in political life and at the same time to the ochlocratization of the political system. It is shown as well that a number of transformations taking place in the Western countries are aimed at improvement of interaction mechanisms between the state and society and contribute to overcoming the crisis. These include expanding the role of parliamentary committees, increasing the number of parties, largescale reforms of public sector governance basing on collaboration. In this context, the experience of e-platforms and the possibilities of institutional collaborative platforms are analyzed. The concept of collaborative democracy is proposed, based on the analysis of the trends studied. The mechanism for collaborative democracy should ensure greater choice and broader direct participation of citizens in decision-making, control the costs of political competition and maintain ethical standards, prevent ochlocratization and improve governance. Contours of this mechanism are outlined. It is based on the use of a proportional electoral system of a special type, a system of expert councils and collaborative platforms for public decision-making, as well as on the implementation of decision-making rules close to consensus. The significance of these conclusions for Russia is discussed.

Global Competition of Universities in the Mirror of International Rankings

Abstract: Shifts in the global competition in the market of world-class universities (WCUs) are analyzed; the long-term restructuring of this market is considered in three geopolitical centers—the United States, Europe, and Asia—over the past 18 years of the 21st century. Nine of the most authoritative global university rankings were used as an information base. Calculations show that even though the positions of American universities in the top lists of world rankings are weakening, giving way to European and Asian universities, the United States continues to maintain leadership in this area. However, the authors’ expert forecast makes it possible to say that, if the emerging trends continue, by 2030 the number of WCUs of Europe and the United States in the Top 100 of many global ratings can be equalized, leading to a kind of Euro–American parity in the higher education sector. According to the authors, the desire of countries to create their own WCUs is a positive trend in terms of the development of global science.

A simple trolley-like model in the presence of a nonlinear friction and a bounded fuel expenditure

Abstract: Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityFaculty of Computational Mathematics and CyberneticsRussia, Moscow, Leninskiye Gory, MSUe-mail: barbudo.sam@cs.msu.suAbstractWe consider a problem of maximization of the distance traveled by amaterial point in the presence of a nonlinear friction under a bounded thrustand fuel expenditure. Using the maximum principle we obtain the form ofoptimal control and establish conditions under which it contains a singularsubarc. This problem seems to be the simplest one having a mechanicalsense in which singular subarcs appear in a nontrivial way.Keywords: optimal control problem, Pontryagin Maximum Principle,extremals, singular arcs.2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 49K15, 49N90.

Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Model 2014-2015

Abstract: The logic of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation’s current development raises the issue of the need to rapidly adopt the long-term SCO Development Strategy to 2025. The development of the strategy concludes this year within the framework of the Russian chairmanship, and there are plans to adopt it at the Organisation’s Ufa (2015) summit. At the same time it is important for the Russian Federation and the PRC, as well as for other permanent members and observers, to have clear signposts, aims and means of fulfilling them in the near future and in the long term. Adopting the strategy will also make it possible to carry out a real assessment of the possibility of integrational development of Eurasia, including the SCO’s cooperation with other projects in the region – the EEU and the SREB. The growing consensus among Russian analysts on Russia’s position in the SCO testifies to the fact that economic integration within the Organisation and its cooperation with the EEU and SREB projects are important in the long term. It is obvious that fulfilling such a large-scale objective will be a multi-stage process and will require that a consolidated view shared by all members of the Organisation be developed.

Solvency of an Insurance Company in a Dual Risk Model with Investment: Analysis and Numerical Study of Singular Boundary Value Problems

Abstract: The survival probability of an insurance company in a collective pension insurance model (so-called dual risk model) is investigated in the case when the whole surplus (or its fixed fraction) is invested in risky assets, which are modeled by a geometric Brownian motion. A typical insurance contract for an insurer in this model is a life annuity in exchange for the transfer of the inheritance right to policyholder’s property to the insurance company. The model is treated as dual with respect to the Cramer–Lundberg classical model. In the structure of an insurance risk process, this is expressed by positive random jumps (compound Poisson process) and a linearly decreasing deterministic component corresponding to pension payments. In the case of exponentially distributed jump sizes, it is shown that the survival probability regarded as a function of initial surplus defined on the nonnegative real half-line is a solution of a singular boundary value problem for an integro-differential equation with a non-Volterra integral operator. The existence and uniqueness of a solution to this problem is proved. Asymptotic representations of the survival probability for small and large values of the initial surplus are obtained. An efficient algorithm for the numerical evaluation of the solution is proposed. Numerical results are presented, and their economic interpretation is given. Namely, it is shown that, in pension insurance, investment in risky assets plays an important role in an increase of the company’s solvency for small values of initial surplus.