Central Economics and Mathematics Institute

About: Central Economics and Mathematics Institute is a facility organization based out in Moscow, Russia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Foreign-exchange reserves. The organization has 297 authors who have published 580 publications receiving 6449 citations. The organization is also known as: Federal State Institution of Science Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Functionality Evaluation Model for Machine Translation Systems

Abstract: The principal concepts, models and methods for software quality evaluation are presented. Since the definitions of functionality in the existing standards for software quality evaluation are inconsistent, this concept here is defined as a particular case of the concept of quality in qualimetry as applied to software quality evaluation. A generalized model for software functionality evaluation is proposed. A functionality evaluation model for machine translation systems that was developed based on it and can be a prototype for more detailed models is given. Some ways to use such models to evaluate the functionality of machine translation systems numerically are considered.

On graded algebras of global dimension 3

Abstract: Assume that a graded associative algebra A over a field k is minimally presented as the quotient algebra of a free algebra F by the ideal I generated by a set f of homogeneous elements. We study the following two extensions of A :t he algebra F = F/I⊕ I/I 2 ⊕ · ·· associated with F with respect to the I-adic filtration, and the homology algebra H of the Shafarevich complex Sh(f,F ) (which is a non- commutative version of the Koszul complex). We obtain several characterizations of algebras of global dimension 3. In particular, the A-algebra H in this case is free, and the algebra F is isomorphic to the quotient algebra of a free A-algebra by the ideal generated by a so-called strongly free (or inert )s et.

Economic Growth Through the Prism of Patent Activity

Abstract: Analysis of the dynamics of the number of patent applications allows us to identify the most general patterns of economic transformation. By creating varying conditions for research in different technological areas, it is possible to adjust the vector of social growth. The article shows that both before the emergence of the term “digital economy” and now, concentrating efforts of national investment systems in the field of computer technology is a necessary condition for ensuring technological sovereignty and achieving leading positions in the global economy in the foreseeable future and in the long run.

Internal Rate of Return Index and its Modifications (in Russian)

Abstract: We investigate various properties of the internal rate of return (IRR) metric for investment projects. It is known that this metric does not exist or is not uniquely defined for many projects. Therefore many suggestions for replacing it by some modified indexes with a wider domain of definition are known to exist. Such sugestions are considered in the paper with a general inference as to their inappropriateness. On a positive side, we offer a system of axioms reflecting the basic properties of IRR and present the structure of “return indexes” which would satisfy such axioms. It is demonstrated that as long as the projects with identical “return indexes” maintain affine transformation along the time axis, such indices would coincide (accurate to a monotonous smooth transformation) with the “usual” IRR. An issue of defining “profitability indices” for projects with random cash flows is considered as well. Note: The downloadable document is in Russian.

System effects and risks of the digital economy: An analysis from the perspective of system economic theory

Abstract: The article considers the concept of “digital economy” and its relationship with the concept of “knowledge economy”. It is concluded that the digital economy is officially considered the previous stage before the development of the knowledge society (knowledge economy). A review of the opinions of specialists from different fields of knowledge about the positive and negative effects, as well as the possible risks of the development of the digital economy, is presented. It is proved that despite the objectiveness of the process of moving towards the information society, and further towards the knowledge society, humanity must make efforts that this path will not be destructive for its previous achievements in various fields. From the perspective of system economic theory, an analysis of the system effects and risks of the development of the digital economy in Russia is made. For this purpose, an assessment of the system balance of the distribution of funds in the national project “National Program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” is performed. The results of federal projects are classified by system types and the system balance indices are calculated for assessment the financing volumes of the four basic types of economic systems (object, environment, process, and project). The obtained values of the indices of system balance of distribution of funds of the national project “National Program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” showed the presence of significant imbalances in the volume of financing between systems of various types. It was revealed that priority support was given to the systems of environment and process types responsible for the development of infrastructure and protocols for collecting, processing, storing and disseminating data. This circumstance should be taken into account in the formation of the country’s economic policy since both the economic systems of the four basic types and the conditions and factors of economic growth should develop proportionally. Application of the presented approach to the development of the digital economy in Russia will make it possible to efficiently distribute financial resources between subsystems, to avoid both duplication of functions by systems of various levels and excessive strengthening or weakening of one or several types of systems.