Central Tuber Crops Research Institute

About: Central Tuber Crops Research Institute is a facility organization based out in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Starch & Fermentation. The organization has 475 authors who have published 587 publications receiving 10285 citations.

The Effect of Low Levels of Antioxidants on the Swelling and Solubility of Cassava Starch

Abstract: When starch is heated in an excess amount of water above its gelatinization temperature, the granule swells and carbohydrate is released. The extent of swelling and the composition of the material that leaves the starch granule depend upon the botanical source of the starch as well as the heating and shearing procedure. It seems possible that a significant contribution to swelling and subsequent disintegration of the granule at high temperatures is the depolymerisation of the carbohydrate. Breakage of some linkages particularly in the amylopectin component, could facilitate the loss of this material from the swollen granule structure. Extensive work on xanthan (Wellington, 1983) and galactomannans (Mitchell et al., 1991) has demonstrated that the use of binary antioxidant systems, consisting of sodium sulphite and propyl gallate, were effective in reducing viscosity loss that normally occurred on heating the biopolymers. If an effect of heat on starch is due to oxidative reductive depolymerisation (ORD) reactions, it may be expected that this process could be controlled by the binary antioxidant system. This idea prompted us to investigate the effect of sodium sulphite and propyl gallate and their combinations on the swelling volume and carbohydrate release from cassava starch pasted at high temperature

Rheological, mechanical and moisture sorption characteristics of cassava starch-konjac glucomannan blend films

Abstract: Cassava starch (ST)-konjac glucomannan (KGM) blend films were prepared and their thermal, rheological, mechanical, moisture sorption properties and water vapour transmission rate were determined. Response surface methodology was employed for the preparation of films using different levels of ST, KGM and glycerol. All the filmogenic solutions exhibited shear thinning behaviour. Apparent viscosity and the dynamic rheological properties of filmogenic solutions varied considerably with KGM content. Rheological analysis revealed that the blend films are more appropriate than neat ST film for controlled drug release studies and for food coating. The melting temperature and enthalpy of fusion of the blend films were lower than that of neat ST film. When compared to neat starch film, the blend films showed broader peaks in DSC patterns, which suggests that incorporation of KGM decreased the crystallinity of ST. Mechanical properties, elongation at break and tensile strength of blend films were significantly higher (112.8% and 22.5 MPa, respectively) than those of neat ST film. Due to the more hydrophilic nature of KGM when compared to ST, the WVTR and moisture absorption of blend films were greater than that of neat ST film. Though KGM is more hydrophillic in nature, blend films with higher amount of KGM (0.643g) showed comparably lower values for both WVTR and moisture absorption than other blends. The solubility of the blend films was lower than that of neat starch film which also confirmed the strong intramolecular attraction between ST and KGM.

Solid substrate fermentation of cassava fibrous residue for production of alpha-amylase, lactic acid and ethanol

Abstract: There is serious concern about the disposal of solid residues left after large scale extraction of starch from cassava Owing to the high starch content (55-65% on dry weight basis) and organic matter of these wastes, an attempt has been made to utilize it for the production of three bioproducts, ie alpha-amylase, lactic acid and ethanol in solid substrate fermentation by incubating the solid residue at different moisture holding capacity (40-80%) and incubation period (12- 60 hr for alpha-amylase, 24-144 hr for ethanol and 2-10 days for lactic acid) The highest product yield was obtained at 60% moisture holding capacity of the residue and period of incubation varied from 36 hr (alpha-amylase), 120 hr (ethanol) to 6 days (lactic acid) This study showed that the solid residues from cassava starch factories could serve as a low-cost substrate for bioproducts production

Alpha-amylase production by Bacillus subtilis CM3 in solid state fermentation using cassava fibrous residue.

Abstract: Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (Regional Centre), Dumuduma Housing Board, Bhubaneswar – 751019, India In extraction of starch from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), one of the major solid waste released is fibrous residues which constitute 15–20% by weight of the cassava chips/tuber processed. Production of α-amylase under solid state fermentation by Bacillus subtilis CM3 has been investigated using cassava fibrous residue. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effect of the main variables, i.e. incubation period, initial medium pH, moisture holding capacity and temperature on enzyme production. A full factorial Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to study these main factors that affected α-amylase production. The experimental results showed that the optimum incubation period, initial medium pH, moisture holding capacity and temperature were 6 days, 8.0, 70% and 50 °C, respectively.