Central University of Punjab

About: Central University of Punjab is a education organization based out in Bathinda, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Cancer & Population. The organization has 689 authors who have published 1373 publications receiving 16679 citations. The organization is also known as: CUPB.

Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer Progression: Molecular Mechanisms and Recent Advancements.

Abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in biological processes and continuous ROS production in normal cells is controlled by the appropriate regulation between the silver lining of low and high ROS concentration mediated effects. Interestingly, ROS also dynamically influences the tumor microenvironment and is known to initiate cancer angiogenesis, metastasis, and survival at different concentrations. At moderate concentration, ROS activates the cancer cell survival signaling cascade involving mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 (MAPK/ERK1/2), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/ protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), which in turn activate the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). At high concentrations, ROS can cause cancer cell apoptosis. Hence, it critically depends upon the ROS levels, to either augment tumorigenesis or lead to apoptosis. The major issue is targeting the dual actions of ROS effectively with respect to the concentration bias, which needs to be monitored carefully to impede tumor angiogenesis and metastasis for ROS to serve as potential therapeutic targets exogenously/endogenously. Overall, additional research is required to comprehend the potential of ROS as an effective anti-tumor modality and therapeutic target for treating malignancies.

Polymer electrolytes for lithium ion batteries: a critical study

Abstract: Polymer electrolytes (PEs) are an essential component being used in most energy storage/conversion devices. The present review article on a brief history, advantage, and their brief application of polymer electrolyte systems. It consists of a glimpse on liquid, gel, and solid polymer electrolyte and a contrast comparison concerning benefits/disadvantages among the three. The article started with a brief introduction of polymer electrolytes followed by their varieties and extreme uses. The role of host polymer matrix by taking numerous examples of polymer electrolyte published by the different renowned group of the concerned field has been explored. The criteria for selection of appropriate host polymer, salt, inorganic filler/clay, and aprotic solvents to be used in polymer electrolyte have been discussed in detail. The mostly used polymer, salt, solvents, and inorganic filler/clay list has been prepared in order to keep the data bank at one place for new researchers. This article comprises different methodologies for the preparation of polymer electrolyte films. The different self-proposed mechanisms (like VTF, WLF, free volume theory, dispersed/intercalated mechanisms, etc.) have been discussed in order to explain the lithium ion conduction in polymer electrolyte systems. A numerous characterization techniques and their resulting analysis have been summarized from the different published reports at one place for better awareness of the scientific community/reader of the area.

Microbial xylanases and their industrial application in pulp and paper biobleaching: a review.

Abstract: Xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes which cleave the β-1, 4 backbone of the complex plant cell wall polysaccharide xylan. Xylan is the major hemicellulosic constituent found in soft and hard food. It is the next most abundant renewable polysaccharide after cellulose. Xylanases and associated debranching enzymes produced by a variety of microorganisms including bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast and fungi bring hydrolysis of hemicelluloses. Despite thorough knowledge of microbial xylanolytic systems, further studies are required to achieve a complete understanding of the mechanism of xylan degradation by xylanases produced by microorganisms and their promising use in pulp biobleaching. Cellulase-free xylanases are important in pulp biobleaching as alternatives to the use of toxic chlorinated compounds because of the environmental hazards and diseases caused by the release of the adsorbable organic halogens. In this review, we have focused on the studies of structural composition of xylan in plants, their classification, sources of xylanases, extremophilic xylanases, modes of fermentation for the production of xylanases, factors affecting xylanase production, statistical approaches such as Plackett Burman, Response Surface Methodology to enhance xylanase production, purification, characterization, molecular cloning and expression. Besides this, review has focused on the microbial enzyme complex involved in the complete breakdown of xylan and the studies on xylanase regulation and their potential industrial applications with special reference to pulp biobleaching, which is directly related to increasing pulp brightness and reduction in environmental pollution.