Showing papers by "Centre national de la recherche scientifique published in 1982"
TL;DR: In this article, the linear-polarization correlation of pairs of photons emitted in a radiative cascade of calcium has been measured using two-channel polarizers (i.e., optical analogs of Stern-Gerlach filters).
Abstract: The linear-polarization correlation of pairs of photons emitted in a radiative cascade of calcium has been measured. The new experimental scheme, using two-channel polarizers (i.e., optical analogs of Stern-Gerlach filters), is a straightforward transposition of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm gedankenexperiment. The present results, in excellent agreement with the quantum mechanical predictions, lead to the greatest violation of generalized Bell's inequalities ever achieved.
2,408 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The inverse problem may be formulated as a problem of combination of information: the experimental information about data, the a priori information about parameters, and the theoretical information, and it is shown that the general solution of the non-linear inverse problem is unique and consistent.
Abstract: We examine the general non-linear inverse problem with a nite number of parameters In order to permit the incorporation of any a priori information about parameters and any distribution of data (not only of gaussian type) we propose to formulate the problem not using single quantities (such as bounds, means, etc) but using probability density functions for data and parameters We also want our formulation to allow for the incorporation of theoretical errors, ie non-exact theoretical relationships between data and parameters (due to discretization, or incomplete theoretical knowledge); to do that in a natural way we propose to dene general theoretical relationships also as probability density functions We show then that the inverse problem may be formulated as a problem of combination of information: the experimental information about data, the a priori information about parameters, and the theoretical information With this approach, the general solution of the non-linear inverse problem is unique and consistent (solving the same problem, with the same data, but with a dierent system
926 citations
TL;DR: A tentative interpretation of the principle is proposed which results from the assumption that the actual movement is produced as a continuous approximation to an intended movement, and that the well known relationship between movement speed and extent in rectilinear trajectories (Fitts' law) also applies to such continuous approximation.
567 citations
Patent•
22 Jun 1982TL;DR: In this paper, a process for preparing oligonucleotides and their application as mediators of the action of interferon is described, which relates to new oligon nucleotides.
Abstract: The invention relates to new oligonucleotides, a process for preparing the same and their application as mediators of the action of interferon.
560 citations
TL;DR: The use of demographic estimators based on historically known populations is the best approach but it gives little information and is, to a certain extent, tautological in nature.
473 citations
TL;DR: A previously unsuspected wealth of evolutionarily conserved sequences and secondary structures was uncovered, and at least seven at least of the available sequences may be folded up into elaborate secondary structure models, the cores of which are nearly identical.
438 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new formalism for the diffraction of an electromagnetic plane wave by a multicoated grating is presented, which uses a coordinate system that maps all the interfaces onto parallel planes.
Abstract: We present a new formalism for the diffraction of an electromagnetic plane wave by a multicoated grating. Its basic feature lies in the use of a coordinate system that maps all the interfaces onto parallel planes. Using Maxwell’s equations in this new system leads to a linear system of differential equations with constant coefficients whose solution is obtained through the calculation of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix in each medium. Through classical criteria, our numerical results have been found generally to be accurate to within 1%. The serious numerical difficulties encountered by the previous differential formalism for highly conducting metallic gratings completely disappear, whatever the optical region. Furthermore, our computer code provides accurate results for metallic gratings covered by many modulated dielectric coatings or for highly modulated gratings. We give two kinds of applications. The first concerns the use of dielectric coatings on a modulated metallic substrate to minimize the absorption of energy. Conversely, the second describes the use of highly modulated metallic gratings to increase this absorption.
411 citations
TL;DR: In the last glacial maximum, about 18,000 yr ago, and those deposited during the Holocene as mentioned in this paper, the south-west monsoon was weaker than today but that the north-east was stronger.
Abstract: Differences between the 18O/16O ratios of planktonic foraminifera deposited during the last glacial maximum, about 18,000 yr ago, and those deposited during the Holocene show that in the Indian Ocean, the south-west monsoon was weaker than today but that the north-east monsoon was stronger. The upwelling observed in modern conditions along the southern coast of Arabia had disappeared because of the low speed of the southwestern winds during glacial summers. The reduction in rainfall and runoff over the continent caused a reduction of the salinity gradient in the Bay of Bengal and along the western coast of India. Increased precipitation fell on the sea south of 10° N, while strong evaporation over the northernmost Arabian Sea produced an enhanced salinity gradient in that area.
389 citations
TL;DR: Four RNA transcripts encoded by cauliflower mosaic virus DNA have been detected in the polyadenylated RNA from virus-infected turnip leaves, two of which have the same 5' termini, at nucleotide 7435.
347 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that the combination of active proliferation, unique motility properties, and the presence of narrow pathways are the major mechanisms ensuring correct directionality in crest cells.
327 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that self-consistent calculations of the electronic charge density in large periodic cells containing a single displaced atom provide all the information needed for ab initio determination of force constants, phonon dispersion curves, effective charges, and the static dielectric constant.
Abstract: It is shown that self-consistent calculations of the electronic charge density in large periodic cells containing a single displaced atom provide all the information needed for ab initio determination of force constants, phonon dispersion curves, effective charges, and the static dielectric constant. Results are presented for GaAs.
TL;DR: In this article, the Raman spectra of crystalline calcium aluminate, anorthite and silica polymorphs are discussed in relation to their crystal structures, and compared with the corresponding glasses.
TL;DR: Serial events offer a new method to induce spontaneous recurrent seizures with brain damage in Wistar rats and Neuropathological examination revealed dose-dependent alterations.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that some supersymmetric models can be written as classical stochastic equations, such as the free field theory, and spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry is related to the number of solutions.
TL;DR: During quiet wakefulness of 63 adult Wistar rats, 24 exhibited synchronous paroxysmal bursts consisting of spikes and spike and wave discharges, recorded in the amygdala and frontoparietal cortex, interpreted as an epileptic phenomenon.
TL;DR: Climatic conditions from a 150kyr oxygen isotope-pollen record from the Arabian Sea were deduced from the record in this article, where the conditions were derived from a geodesic map of the world.
Abstract: Climatic conditions deduced from a 150-kyr oxygen isotope–pollen record from the Arabian Sea
TL;DR: In this article, the second-order optical susceptibilities of urea and some derivatives (monomethylurea, N,N-dimethylurea and tetramethylUREa) were determined by measuring the macroscopic susceptibilities Γ of their solutions at various concentrations in water, DMF and DMSO.
TL;DR: Heptacosadiene appears to be the main aphrodisiac pheromone of the female D. melanogaster, specific to females of the species and is the most abundant of their cuticular hydrocarbons.
TL;DR: In this paper, a geochemical study was conducted to examine the crustal origin of the granite, to verify whether the paragneisses of the Tibetan Slab are the most probable parent material and to determine the subsequent petrogenetic processes.
TL;DR: This result generalizes a theorem of Bollobas that says that positive integers can be positive integers for every i = 1, ..., m and i m ≤ ( r + s s ) .
TL;DR: The effect of the component concentrations of a synthetic medium on acetone and butanol fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was investigated and cell growth was dependent on the presence of Mg, Fe, and K in the medium.
Abstract: The effect of the component concentrations of a synthetic medium on acetone and butanol fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was investigated. Cell growth was dependent on the presence of Mg, Fe, and K in the medium. Mg and Mn had deleterious effects when in excess. Ammonium acetate in excess caused acid fermentation. The metabolism was composed of two phases: an acid phase and a solvent one. Low concentrations of glucose allowed the first phase only. The theoretical ratio of the conversion of glucose to solvents, which was 28 to 33%, was obtained with the following medium: MgSO4, 50 to 200 mg/liter; MnSO4, 0 to 20 mg/liter; KCl, 0.015 to 8 g/liter (an equivalent concentration of K+ was supplied in the form of KH2PO4 and K2HPO4); FeSO4, 1 to 50 mg/liter; ammonium acetate, 1.1 to 2.2 g/liter; para-aminobenzoic acid, 1 mg/liter; biotin, 0.01 mg/liter; glucose, 20 to 60 g/liter.
TL;DR: In this article, all experimental errors in the field measurements are taken into account, so that the agreement between the computed stress tensor and the set of field measurements can be rigorously checked.
Abstract: Summary. We attempt a general definition of the inverse problem of computing the components of the regional stress tensor from a set of field data including the measurements of the strike and dip of several faults, and the directions and senses of relative motion along these faults (as indicated by slickenslides). In previous treatments of this problem, no experimental errors could be taken into account except those in measuring the pitch of slickenslides; thus, errors in the orientation of the fault (strike and dip), which have considerable practical importance, were neglected. In our work, all experimental errors in the field measurements are taken into account, so that the agreement between the computed stress tensor and the set of field measurements can be rigorously checked.
TL;DR: In this paper, a structural model for the silica-alumina glass system is proposed, which is consistent with the stable or metastable immiscibility suggested along this join, and the essential features of this model include a modified silica structure at low alumina content, and structure-broken regions at high alumina compositions, with silicon in tetrahedral coordination, but aluminium assuming a variety of bonding geometries.
Abstract: Solar furnace melting and fast-quench techniques have been used to prepare SiO2Al2O3 glasses to high alumina content (near 60 mol% Al2O3), which have been studied by Raman spectroscopy. These spectra may not be simply interpreted. The structures of crystalline compounds in the SiO2Al2O3 system are discussed in relation to their vibrational spectra. On the basis of this discussion and other considerations, a structural model for the silica-alumina glass system is proposed, which is consistent with the stable or metastable immiscibility suggested along this join. The essential features of this model include a modified silica structure at low alumina content, and “structure-broken” regions at high alumina compositions, with silicon in tetrahedral coordination, but aluminium assuming a variety of bonding geometries. These are proposed to include aluminate tetrahedra with higher polymerization than simple corner-sharing, and less well-defined polyhedra of higher average coordination number.
TL;DR: In this paper, the analysis of ground state classical motions, and the separation of the modes into equally spaced harmonic oscillators, are presented as quadratic expressions of these modes providing a spectrum generating algebra.
TL;DR: The gas composition of the troposphere of Jupiter in the clearest regions of the North Equatorial Belt (NEB) was derived from the Voyager 1 IRIS data.
Abstract: The gas composition of the troposphere of Jupiter in the clearest regions of the North Equatorial Belt (NEB) was derived from the Voyager 1 IRIS data. The infrared spectrum for this homogeneous cloud free region was modeled to infer altitude profiles for NH3, PH3, GeH4 and H2O. The Profiles for NH3 and PH3 were found to be depleted in the upper troposphere but otherwise in agreement with their solar values at the 1 bar level. The mole fraction for CH3D was determined to be 3.5(+1.0 or -1.3) x 10 to the minus 7th power. The GeH4 mole fraction of 7+ or -2 x 10 to the minus 10th power at the 2 to 3 bar level is a factor of 10 lower than the solar value. The H2O mole fraction is approximately 1 x 0.00001 at the 2.5 bar level and is increasing to approximately 3 x 0.00001 at 4 bars where it is a factor of 30 lower than solar. Using IRIS infrared values for the mole fractions of CH3D and CH4 a value of D/H = 3.6(+1.0 or -1.4)x 0.00001 is derived. Assuming this Jovian D/H ratio is representative of the protosolar nebula, and correcting for chemical galactic evolution, yields a value of 5.5 - 9.0 x 0.00001 for the primordial D/H ratio and an upper limit of 1.8 to 2.4 x 10 to the minus 31st power cu cm for the present day baryon density.
TL;DR: A continuous deuterium excess profile (d = δD − 8δ18O) was obtained from the Dome C ice core spanning ∼ 32,000 yr as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A continuous deuterium excess profile (d = δD − 8δ18O) was obtained from the Dome C ice core spanning ∼ 32,000 yr. It exhibits significant variations over this period. In particular, d was 4.5‰ lower around 18,000 yr BP than over the past 7,500 yr, interpreted as reflecting higher relative humidity (estimated ∼90%) over the oceanic areas providing moisture for Antarctic precipitation.
TL;DR: The roles presumably played by circadian rhythms in drug metabolising liver enzymes and kidney function are summarized, and the practical implications of chronopharmacokinetics, aiming both to improve in a quantitative manner the metabolic fate of a drug and its effectiveness, are discussed.
Abstract: Circadian (approximately equal to 24 hours) and other endogenous biological rhythms, detectable at all levels of organisation, constitute a temporal structure in all animal species, including man. Circadian, circannual, and other rhythmic changes in biological susceptibility and response of organisms to a large variety of physical and chemical agents, including medications and foods, are rather common phenomena. A better understanding of periodic and thus predictable changes in drug effects can be attained through consideration of three complementary concepts: the chronopharmacokinetics of a drug (rhythmic changes in its pharmacokinetics), the chronesthesy (rhythmic changes in susceptibility of target biosystems to the drug), and the chronergy (the drug-integrated overall effects). The chronopharmacokinetics of many drugs have been evaluated in man including sodium salicylate, aspirin, indomethacin, paracetamol (acetaminophen), phenacetin, amidopyrine, theophylline, digitalis, propranolol, clorazepate, hexobarbitone (hexobarbital), lithium, phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin), nortriptyline, ethanol, erythromycin, ampicillin, sulfasymazine, sulphanilamide, cisplatin (cis-diammine dichloroplatinum), d-xylose, ferrous sulphate, potassium chloride, hydrocortisone and prednisolone, among others. The roles presumably played by circadian rhythms in drug metabolising liver enzymes and kidney function are summarized, and the practical implications of chronopharmacokinetics, aiming both to improve in a quantitative manner the metabolic fate of a drug and its effectiveness, are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered the quantization of Liouville's equation in a box, with appropriate boundary conditions, as comes out of Polyakov's analysis of the Nambu action.
TL;DR: In this paper, the properties of H-ZSM-5 zeolite modified by phosphorus (1.1 and 2.0 wt%) were studied by means of infrared spectroscopy and microcalorimetry for acidity characterization, by ESCA for determining elementary composition in the outer layers (depth ∼- 50 A) with respect to the bulk (φ ∼- several μm), and by catalytic reaction analysis of methanol conversion.
TL;DR: In this article, the presence of a high affinity, apparently specific binding site for γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in the same tissue has been demonstrated and the binding does not require Na + and takes place optimally at pH 5.5.