Centro Universitário Franciscano

Abstract: Thin films of $\mathrm{Sn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ prepared by pulsed-laser deposition on R-cut sapphire substrates exhibit ferromagnetic properties at room temperature when they are doped with Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, or Ni, but not with other $3d$ cations. Extrapolated Curie temperatures are generally in excess of $500\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The moment of the films is roughly independent of doping level, from $0.1--15\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{at.}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}%$, with a value per unit substrate area of $200\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{B}}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{nm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. When magnetization is expressed as a moment per $3d$ dopant ion, it varies from more than the spin-only value at low concentrations to less than $0.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{B}}$/ion near the percolation threshold. Greatest values are found for iron. The magnetization of the films is highly anisotropic with values when the field is applied perpendicular to the substrate more than double the in-plane values. There is little hysteresis except at high doping levels. The oxides are degenerate $n$-type semiconductors with a Hall mobility of $100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and $1.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{19}$ carriers ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ in a one-band model, but no anomalous Hall effect or magnetoresistance was observed at room temperature. The data are discussed in relation to (a) the donor impurity-band model of ferromagnetism in semiconductors and (b) the magnetic defect model.

Abstract: This study analyzes the work by a Family Health Program (FHP) team, identifying the potential for developing receptiveness by the team and fostering links between the health professionals and clients. This was a case study with a qualitative approach. The data were collected through free observation, a semi-structured interview, and documents. A dialectic approach was used to analyze the material. A relationship was observed between the organization of the work process and the achievement of receptiveness and links to clients. There are gaps in receptiveness to health services clients, especially in the openness to demand, accountability for the population's health problems, and encouragement for client autonomy. Production of links is related to the development of clinical activities. According to FHP team members, health services clients are viewed alternately as subjects and objects. The principles and guidelines of the Unified National Health System (SUS) do not represent a project as conceived by the health professionals. The study concludes by proposing greater nursing staff involvement in clinical activities and receptiveness to users of the program.

Abstract: Objective We described an automated technique for measurement of serum nitrite/nitrate (NOx) using the Cobas Mira clinical chemistry analyzer. Design and methods NOx was measured by the modified Griess method. Precision, accuracy, linearity, instrument carry-over and lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) were assessed. Results The automated technique for measurement of serum NOx was linear, precise, and accurate. It has a LLOQ of 2.0 μmol/L. Conclusion Serum NOx measured by the modified Griess method can be applied easily to the Cobas Mira clinical chemistry analyzer.

Abstract: The routine and often unavoidable exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation makes it one of the most significant environmental DNA-damaging agents to which humans are exposed. Sunlight, specifically UVB and UVA, triggers various types of DNA damage. Although sunlight, mainly UVB, is necessary for the production of vitamin D, which is necessary for human health, DNA damage may have several deleterious consequences, such as cell death, mutagenesis, photoaging and cancer. UVA and UVB photons can be directly absorbed not only by DNA, which results in lesions, but also by the chromophores that are present in skin cells. This process leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species, which may indirectly cause DNA damage. Despite many decades of investigation, the discrimination among the consequences of these different types of lesions is not clear. However, human cells have complex systems to avoid the deleterious effects of the reactive species produced by sunlight. These systems include antioxidants, that protect DNA, and mechanisms of DNA damage repair and tolerance. Genetic defects in these mechanisms that have clear harmful effects in the exposed skin are found in several human syndromes. The best known of these is xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), whose patients are defective in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) and translesion synthesis (TLS) pathways. These patients are mainly affected due to UV-induced pyrimidine dimers, but there is growing evidence that XP cells are also defective in the protection against other types of lesions, including oxidized DNA bases. This raises a question regarding the relative roles of the various forms of sunlight-induced DNA damage on skin carcinogenesis and photoaging. Therefore, knowledge of what occurs in XP patients may still bring important contributions to the understanding of the biological impact of sunlight-induced deleterious effects on the skin cells.

Abstract: Thin layers of indium tin oxide are widely used as transparent coatings and electrodes in solar energy cells, flat-panel displays, antireflection coatings, radiation protection and lithium-ion battery materials, because they have the characteristics of low resistivity, strong absorption at ultraviolet wavelengths, high transmission in the visible, high reflectivity in the far-infrared and strong attenuation in the microwave region. However, there is often a trade-off between electrical conductivity and transparency at visible wavelengths for indium tin oxide and other transparent conducting oxides. Here, we report the growth of layers of indium tin oxide nanowires that show optimum electronic and photonic properties and demonstrate their use as fully transparent top contacts in the visible to near-infrared region for light-emitting devices.