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TL;DR: In this paper, the structure of the electronic energy bands and Brillouin zones for graphite was developed using the "tight binding" approximation, and it was found that graphite is a semi-conductor with zero activation energy, but they are created at higher temperatures by excitation to a band contiguous to the highest one which is normally filled.
Abstract: The structure of the electronic energy bands and Brillouin zones for graphite is developed using the "tight binding" approximation. Graphite is found to be a semi-conductor with zero activation energy, i.e., there are no free electrons at zero temperature, but they are created at higher temperatures by excitation to a band contiguous to the highest one which is normally filled. The electrical conductivity is treated with assumptions about the mean free path. It is found to be about 100 times as great parallel to as across crystal planes. A large and anisotropic diamagnetic susceptibility is predicted for the conduction electrons; this is greatest for fields across the layers. The volume optical absorption is accounted for.
4,395 citations
TL;DR: The application of thermal neutron scattering to the study of the structure and dynamics of condensed matter requires a knowledge of the scattering lengths and the corresponding scattering and absorption cross sections of the elements as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The application of thermal neutron scattering to the study of the structure and dynamics of condensed matter requires a knowledge of the scattering lengths and the corresponding scattering and absorption cross sections of the elements. Ln some cases, values for the individual isotopes are needed as well. This information is required to obtain an absolute normalization ofthe scatteredneutron distributions, tocalculate unit-cell structure factors in neutron crystallography, and to correct for effects such as absorption, self-shielding, extinction, multiple scattering, incoherent scattering, and detector efficiency.
3,077 citations
TL;DR: Observations of neutral-current nu interactions on deuterium in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory are reported, providing strong evidence for solar nu(e) flavor transformation.
Abstract: Observations of neutral-current nu interactions on deuterium in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory are reported. Using the neutral current (NC), elastic scattering, and charged current reactions and assuming the standard 8B shape, the nu(e) component of the 8B solar flux is phis(e) = 1.76(+0.05)(-0.05)(stat)(+0.09)(-0.09)(syst) x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1) for a kinetic energy threshold of 5 MeV. The non-nu(e) component is phi(mu)(tau) = 3.41(+0.45)(-0.45)(stat)(+0.48)(-0.45)(syst) x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1), 5.3sigma greater than zero, providing strong evidence for solar nu(e) flavor transformation. The total flux measured with the NC reaction is phi(NC) = 5.09(+0.44)(-0.43)(stat)(+0.46)(-0.43)(syst) x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1), consistent with solar models.
2,732 citations
Brookhaven National Laboratory1, Los Alamos National Laboratory2, International Atomic Energy Agency3, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute4, National Institute of Standards and Technology5, Oak Ridge National Laboratory6, Argonne National Laboratory7, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory8, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory9, North Carolina State University10, University of Michigan11, Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire12, TRIUMF13, Rosatom14, Chalk River Laboratories15, Paul Scherrer Institute16, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology17, University of Bucharest18, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research19
TL;DR: The new ENDF/B-VIII.0 evaluated nuclear reaction data library as mentioned in this paper includes improved thermal neutron scattering data and uses new evaluated data from the CIELO project for neutron reactions on 1 H, 16 O, 56 Fe, 235 U, 238 U and 239 Pu described in companion papers.
1,249 citations
TL;DR: The structural parameters of fluid phase bilayers composed of phosphatidylcholines with fully saturated, mixed, and branched fatty acid chains, at several temperatures, have been determined by simultaneously analyzing small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering data to assess the effect of temperature and hydrocarbon chain composition on bilayer structure.
899 citations
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Showing all 2298 results
| Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| A. Galindo-Uribarri | 34 | 297 | 5388 |
| Thaneshwor P. Kaloni | 34 | 66 | 3042 |
| Jan N. Reimers | 34 | 73 | 6414 |
| Maikel C. Rheinstädter | 33 | 132 | 2884 |
| T.E. Mason | 33 | 96 | 6217 |
| Edouard I. Azzam | 33 | 112 | 6168 |
| Stephane Flibotte | 33 | 142 | 4045 |
| M. T. Hutchings | 33 | 132 | 6034 |
| J.C. Hardy | 33 | 245 | 4724 |
| Mu-Ping Nieh | 33 | 128 | 4319 |
| Jaime A. Fernandez-Baca | 32 | 194 | 3633 |
| Michel Laguerre | 32 | 136 | 3332 |
| Robin J. Stuart | 32 | 82 | 2607 |
| Thomas Abraham | 31 | 78 | 2761 |
| Ian P. Swainson | 31 | 125 | 3405 |