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TL;DR: A rapid and inexpensive assay is developed for screening members of the general population for abnormal radiosensitivity and the extent of natural variation in inherited suscepribility to radiogenic cancers could be most useful for radiation protection in the future.
Abstract: Human genotypes are known “that confer both increased susceptibility or resistance to DNA damage and increased cancer risk after exposure to carcinogenic agents, including ionizing radiation” (NAS 1980). The existence of sensitive subgroups at elevated risk, if they are of appreciable size, could have significant impact on the actual distribution of risk. The radiosensitive disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) serves as a good example: the significant “at risk” group, A-T heterozygotes, is estimated to comprise between 0.5% and 5% of the total population, and has a twofold elevated lifetime risk of fatal neoplasia. Other genetic syndromes that manifest abnormal radiosensitivity are also known, but no estimates are available for the population frequency of all such phenotypes, or for their overall degree of increased risk. As the first part of a program addressing these questions, we have developed a rapid and inexpensive assay for screening members of the general population for abnormal radiosensitivity; such persons would be regarded as at presumptive elevated risk of radiogenic cancer. Our method utilizes lymphoblastoid cell lines and chronic as opposed to acute gamma-ray exposure to amplify the difference between normal and somewhat sensitive strains. A simple “grow-back” assay assesses the survival response. Information on the extent of natural variation in inherited suscepribility to radiogenic cancers could be most useful for radiation protection in the future.
22 citations
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01 Jan 200322 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the microstructure of the non-modulated martensite in a Ni-Mn-Ga alloy has been characterized in detail by conventional transmission electron microscopy.
22 citations
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02 Mar 1997-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors tested the hypothesis that 36Cl concentrations in these systems are elevated because 36Cl from weapons test fallout is still cycling through the biosphere and four sets of observations support this interpretation of the elevated concentrations of 36Cl.
Abstract: 36Cl concentrations measured in rivers and lakes surface waters in Eastern North America are higher than those expected from natural production and fallout from the atmosphere. We tested the hypothesis that 36Cl concentrations in these systems are elevated because 36Cl from weapons test fallout is still cycling through the biosphere. Four sets of observations support this interpretation of the elevated concentrations of 36Cl. First, 36Cl:Cl atom ratios in small lakes and streams are lower than the ratios measured in precipitation. Secondly, 36Cl:Cl atom ratio in shallow groundwater (that does not contain 3H) is lower than those measured in surface waters or rain. Thirdly, 36Cl and Cl concentrations in biota are higher than groundwater and similar to precipitation. Fourthly, the inventory of Cl in the vegetation, litter and soil is large relative to the annual inputs from the atmosphere. These observations are consistent with the decadal residence time of 36Cl in the biosphere calculated using a mass balance model of stable Cl− and 36Cl distribution.
22 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the importance of charged particle detection in channel selection for in-beam spectroscopic studies is pointed out, and the main emphasis of the initial experiments with this apparatus has been on a study of the charged particles associated with superdeformed bands, and on the search for nuclear-structure effects in the evaporation spectra.
22 citations
Authors
Showing all 2298 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Michael D. Guiver | 78 | 288 | 20540 |
Robert J. Birgeneau | 78 | 587 | 22686 |
Mike D. Flannigan | 71 | 211 | 21327 |
Martin T. Dove | 61 | 396 | 14767 |
Luis Rodrigo | 58 | 341 | 12963 |
André Longtin | 56 | 260 | 16372 |
David Mitlin | 56 | 196 | 15479 |
John Katsaras | 55 | 220 | 9263 |
John E. Greedan | 55 | 391 | 12171 |
Gang Li | 48 | 406 | 7713 |
Matthew G. Tucker | 45 | 224 | 7288 |
Bruce D. Gaulin | 45 | 284 | 6698 |
Erick J. Dufourc | 43 | 144 | 5882 |
Norbert Kučerka | 43 | 119 | 7319 |
Stephen J. Skinner | 42 | 194 | 8522 |