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TL;DR: Comparing the whole-organism activity concentrations predicted by eight models participating within the IAEA Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety programme for a range of radionuclides to terrestrial and freshwater organisms demonstrates that the largest contribution to variability between model predictions is the parameterisation of their transfer components.
Abstract: A number of models have recently been, or are currently being, developed to enable the assessment of radiation doses from ionising radiation to non-human species. A key component of these models is the ability to predict whole-organism activity concentrations in a wide range of wildlife. In this paper, we compare the whole-organism activity concentrations predicted by eight models participating within the IAEA Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety programme for a range of radionuclides to terrestrial and freshwater organisms. In many instances, there was considerable variation, ranging over orders of magnitude, between the predictions of the different models. Reasons for this variability (including methodology, data source and data availability) are identified and discussed. The active participation of groups responsible for the development of key models within this exercise is a useful step forward in providing the transparency in methodology and data provenance required for models which are either currently being used for regulatory purposes or which may be used in the future. The work reported in this paper, and supported by other findings, demonstrates that the largest contribution to variability between model predictions is the parameterisation of their transfer components. There is a clear need to focus efforts and provide authoritative compilations of those data which are available.
78 citations
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TL;DR: The magnetic dynamics of the spin ice material Ho2Ti2O7 in its paramagnetic phase have been investigated by a combination of neutron spin echo and ac-susceptibility techniques.
Abstract: The magnetic dynamics of the spin ice material Ho2Ti2O7 in its paramagnetic ('hot') phase have been investigated by a combination of neutron spin echo and ac-susceptibility techniques. Relaxation at high temperatures ( 15$>T > 15 K) is proved to occur by a thermally activated single-ion process that is distinct from the process that dominates at lower temperatures (1 K < T < 15 K). It is argued that the low-temperature process must involve quantum mechanical spin tunnelling, as quasi-classical channels of relaxation are exhausted in this temperature range. Our results resolve a mystery in the physics of spin ice: why has a 15 K ac-susceptibility peak been observed in Dy2Ti2O7 but not in Ho2Ti2O7 or Ho2Sn2O7?
78 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a parsing scheme for fully hydrated, fluid phase PE bilayers was designed based on extensive MD simulations, and is utilized in the SDP analysis of both X-ray and neutron (contrast varied) scattering measurements.
Abstract: Following our previous efforts in determining the structures of commonly used PC, PG, and PS bilayers, we continue our studies of fully hydrated, fluid phase PE bilayers. The newly designed parsing scheme for PE bilayers was based on extensive MD simulations, and is utilized in the SDP analysis of both X-ray and neutron (contrast varied) scattering measurements. Obtained experimental scattering form factors are directly compared to our simulation results, and can serve as a benchmark for future developed force fields. Among the evaluated structural parameters, namely, area per lipid A, overall bilayer thickness DB, and hydrocarbon region thickness 2DC, the PE bilayer response to changing temperature is similar to previously studied bilayers with different headgroups. On the other hand, the reduced hydration of PE headgroups, as well as the strong hydrogen bonding between PE headgroups, dramatically affects lateral packing within the bilayer. Despite sharing the same glycerol backbone, a markedly smaller a...
78 citations
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Los Alamos National Laboratory1, International Atomic Energy Agency2, National Nuclear Data Center3, Oak Ridge National Laboratory4, Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire5, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute6, National Institute of Standards and Technology7, Nuclear Energy Agency8, University of Santiago de Compostela9, Energy Institute10, Rosatom11, Japan Atomic Energy Agency12, Idaho National Laboratory13, Jožef Stefan Institute14, University of Michigan15, Chalk River Laboratories16, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory17, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology18, Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group19
TL;DR: The CIELO collaboration as discussed by the authors studied neutron cross sections on nuclides that significantly impact criticality in nuclear technologies with the aim of improving the accuracy of the data and resolving previous discrepancies in our understanding.
78 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the vibrational energies of the Si-Si-O and Si-O bonds of tourmalines to determine the fractional fractionation factors of quartz, muscovite, illite, chlorite, and biotite.
77 citations
Authors
Showing all 2298 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Michael D. Guiver | 78 | 288 | 20540 |
Robert J. Birgeneau | 78 | 587 | 22686 |
Mike D. Flannigan | 71 | 211 | 21327 |
Martin T. Dove | 61 | 396 | 14767 |
Luis Rodrigo | 58 | 341 | 12963 |
André Longtin | 56 | 260 | 16372 |
David Mitlin | 56 | 196 | 15479 |
John Katsaras | 55 | 220 | 9263 |
John E. Greedan | 55 | 391 | 12171 |
Gang Li | 48 | 406 | 7713 |
Matthew G. Tucker | 45 | 224 | 7288 |
Bruce D. Gaulin | 45 | 284 | 6698 |
Erick J. Dufourc | 43 | 144 | 5882 |
Norbert Kučerka | 43 | 119 | 7319 |
Stephen J. Skinner | 42 | 194 | 8522 |