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TL;DR: Using a combination of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations and neutron diffraction using deuterium labeled cholesterol molecules, raftlike structures are observed and the ordering of the cholesterol molecules in binary cholesterol-containing lipid membranes is determined.
Abstract: Rafts, or functional domains, are transient nano-or mesoscopic structures in the plasma membrane and are thought to be essential for many cellular processes such as signal transduction, adhesion, trafficking, and lipid or protein sorting. Observations of these membrane heterogeneities have proven challenging, as they are thought to be both small and short lived. With a combination of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations and neutron diffraction using deuterium labeled cholesterol molecules, we observe raftlike structures and determine the ordering of the cholesterol molecules in binary cholesterol-containing lipid membranes. From coarse-grained computer simulations, heterogenous membranes structures were observed and characterized as small, ordered domains. Neutron diffraction was used to study the lateral structure of the cholesterol molecules. We find pairs of strongly bound cholesterol molecules in the liquid-disordered phase, in accordance with the umbrella model. Bragg peaks corresponding to ordering of the cholesterol molecules in the raftlike structures were observed and indexed by two different structures: a monoclinic structure of ordered cholesterol pairs of alternating direction in equilibrium with cholesterol plaques, i.e., triclinic cholesterol bilayers.
61 citations
15 Mar 2008
TL;DR: Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) was employed to investigate the size and morphology of rhamnolipid aggregates and micelle structure in the presence of heavy metals Cu, Zn, and Ni, and the results indicate the importance of the pH of the system in the morphology of the aggregates in the rhamNolipids solution.
Abstract: Pollution of soils and sediments by heavy metals is an environmental concern. Among the remedial techniques, soil washing is proving to be reliable. Biosurfactant rhamnolipid has shown its potential as a washing agent. In this research, small angle neutron scattering (SANS) was employed to investigate the size and morphology of rhamnolipid aggregates and micelle structure in the presence of heavy metals Cu, Zn, and Ni. The results indicate the importance of the pH of the system in the morphology of the aggregates in the rhamnolipid solution. Creation of a basic condition by addition of 1% NaOH led to the formation of large aggregates (>2000 A) + micelles with R G ∼ 17 A while in the acidic environment with 1% NaCl, large polydisperse vesicles with a radius about 550–600 A were formed. The size of the aggregates in both acidic and basic condition is fine enough to ease the flow of the rhamnolipid solution through the porous media with the pore sizes as small as 200 nm.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the same optical model parameters were employed in a distorted wave Born approximation calculation which gave a good fit to the shape of the angular distribution for scattering to the first-excited states of these nuclei.
61 citations
TL;DR: In conclusion, the in vitro experimental evidence indicates that radiation-induced apoptosis in human lymphocytes has the kinetics, sensitivity, and reproducibility to be a potential biological dosimeter.
Abstract: We have tested the possibility of using apoptosis (programmed cell death) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes as a short-term biological dosimeter. Lymphocytes isolated from whole blood were irradiated in culture with 250 kVp x-rays or 60Co gamma rays. Two assays were used to measure apoptosis in lymphocytes after irradiation: in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase assay and fluorescence analysis of DNA unwinding assay. Similar qualitative and quantitative results were produced by the assays, supporting the notion that the fluorescence analysis of DNA unwinding assay measured DNA fragmentation associated with apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis in lymphocytes irradiated in vitro was proportional to dose and could be detected following exposures as low as 0.05 Gy. Lymphocytes from individual donors had reproducible dose responses. There was, however, variation between donors. X-ray and gamma-ray exposures induced similar levels of apoptosis at similar doses. The induction kinetics of apoptosis in vitro indicate a maximum is reached about 72 h after irradiation. In conclusion, the in vitro experimental evidence indicates that radiation-induced apoptosis in human lymphocytes has the kinetics, sensitivity, and reproducibility to be a potential biological dosimeter.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the interfacial reaction region between the reinforcement and the matrix of TiC composites and determined that the single phase formed at the boundary between the particles and the surface of the matrix was stoichiometric Ti 2 C.
60 citations
Authors
Showing all 2298 results
| Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Michael D. Guiver | 78 | 288 | 20540 |
| Robert J. Birgeneau | 78 | 587 | 22686 |
| Mike D. Flannigan | 71 | 211 | 21327 |
| Martin T. Dove | 61 | 396 | 14767 |
| Luis Rodrigo | 58 | 341 | 12963 |
| André Longtin | 56 | 260 | 16372 |
| David Mitlin | 56 | 196 | 15479 |
| John Katsaras | 55 | 220 | 9263 |
| John E. Greedan | 55 | 391 | 12171 |
| Gang Li | 48 | 406 | 7713 |
| Matthew G. Tucker | 45 | 224 | 7288 |
| Bruce D. Gaulin | 45 | 284 | 6698 |
| Erick J. Dufourc | 43 | 144 | 5882 |
| Norbert Kučerka | 43 | 119 | 7319 |
| Stephen J. Skinner | 42 | 194 | 8522 |